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Transcript of Ultimate Survival Manual
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Assemble an At-Home
Survival Kit
Stock an Ofce BOB
Gear Up with a To-Go BOB
Pack or Surviving in the Wild
Make a Kit in a Can
Build a First-Aid Kit
Stop Bleeding
Disinect a Wound
Bandage a Wound
Assess and Respond:
Deal with Blood Loss
Contents
Immobilize an Arm Injury
Fake a Sling
Set a Bone
Make a Splint
Save with CPR
Perorm the Heimlich Maneuver
Identiy and Treat Burns
Treat or Shock
Handle Hypothermia
Treat Frostbite
Survive Heat Illnesses
Deeat Dehydration
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Introduction rom Outdoor Life
A Note rom Rich
ESSENTIALS
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Avoid Getting Lost
Assess Your Situation
Measure Remaining Daylight
Find Yourself on a Map
Scout for Shelter
Build a Shelter from
Branches and Leaves
Hole Up in a Tree Well
Make a Bed in a Pinch
Hunt for Water
Purify Water in the Wild
Filter Water with Your Pants
Learn Fire-Making Basics
Make a Fire Four Ways
Upgrade Your Shelter
Predict the Weather with Plants
Get Noticed by Rescuers
Light Up a Signal Fire
This Happened To Me!
When Grizzlies Attack
Know Your Bears
Live Through a Grizzly Encounter
Assess and Respond:
Handle Animal Attacks
Stand Your Ground Against a Lion
Beware Africa’s Deadliest Beasts
Live Through a Stampede
Navigate Tall Grass
Outrun a Croc on Land
Avoid Being Gator Bait
Chow Down on Gator Tail
Dress a Snake
Wade Through a Swamp
Build a Swamp Shelter
Keep Bugs Out of Your Pants
Tie a Square Lashing
Avoid Dreaded Trench Foot
Set a Snare for Small Animals
Make a Jaw Spear
Dig a Hole Trap
Fish with Your Shirt
Improvise a Skewer Hook
Test Plants for Edibility
Gobble Up Bugs
Rid Big Game of Harmful Bacteria
Spit-Roast That Bunny
Butcher a Deer Leg
Drag a Deer
Put Your Kill to Use
Trap a Goose
WILDERNESS
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Steer Clear o Poisonous Plants
Remove a Tick
Put Your Pee to Work
Treat a Snake Bite
Swing a Mean Machete
Assess and Respond:
Understand Poison Types
Heal with Bugs
Remove a Leech
Keep Mosquitoes at Bay
Banish a Boty
Avoid Scorpions
Treat a Scorpion Sting
Fight Dehydration in the Desert
Navigate the Desert’s Shiting Sands
Make a Solar Still
Scout or Water in the Desert
This Happened to Me!
Trapped in a Canyon
Seek Water in a Canyon
Maximize Heat rom a Campfre
Scale a Canyon
Equip Yoursel or the Mountains
Be a Modern Caveman
Stay Sae in a Cave
Find Food Above the Tree Line
Conquer Altitude Sickness
in the Mountains
Bed Down on a Cli
Case Study: Snowed In
Avoid Getting Stranded
in the Mountains
Trek Across a Glacier
Tie a Double Figure-Eight Knot
Rappel on the Fly
Descend a Scree Slope
Start a Fire in the Snow
Turn Snow into Water
Build a Snow Cave
Traverse an Ice Floe
Rig an Ice-Fishing Trap
Improvise Snow Goggles
Make Emergency Snowshoes
Cross an Icy Pond
Get Out o Broken Ice
Save Someone rom a Chilly Demis
Swim Across a Raging River
Wade Across a River
Ford a River with Friends
Tie a Fisherman’s Knot
Orient Yoursel by the Stars
Signal a Boat
Improvise a Float
Beat Hypothermia in the Water
Find Drinking Water at Sea
Catch Fish in Open Waters
Case Study: Adrift in the Gulf
Stay Alive at Sea
Right a Capsized Boat
Put Out a Boat Fire
Start a Flooded Motor
Plug a Leak
Avoid Shark Bites
Make Peace with a Man-o-War
Deal with Sea Caves
Escape Kelp Entanglement
Keep Track o Time at the Equator
Find Lunch in a Tide Pool
Swim Against a Riptide
Make the Most o a Coconut
Assess a Deserted Island
Make Rope with an Improvised Vi
Crat a Rat
Know When Your Rat’s Close to Lan
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Be Ready or Disaster
Spot Tornado Warning Signs
Judge Where a Tornado Is Heading
Assess and Respond:
Stay Safe in a Tornado
Reinorce Garage Doors
in a Windstorm
Deal with a Downed Power
Line in a Car
Tree-Proo Your Home
Buck a Downed Tree
Prepare Your House or a Hurricane
Build a Dike
Make DIY Flood Protection
Case Study: Wind Gone Wild
Survive a Heck of a Hurricane
Make a Lie Rat rom
Household Items
Turn Your Attic into an Ark
Make Waterproo Matches
Paddle Through Floodwaters
Drive Saely on Flooded Roads
Dig Your Truck Out o the Mud
Live Through a Flash Flood
Rescue Someone Caught in a Flood
Return Home Saely Ater a Flood
Live Through Lightning
Install Lightning Rods on Your Roo
Help Someone Struck by Lightning
Survive a Wildfre
Prevent a Forest Fire
Protect Your Home rom Wildfres
Case Study: When Things Get Hot
Withstand a Firestorm
Survive a Volcanic Eruption
Cope with Ash
Assess a Lava Field
Retroft Your House
Keep Household Items
Steady in a Quake
Know Earthquake Hot Spots
Understand Fault Activity
Ride Out a Quake in a Car
Weather an Earthquake
Survive Being Trapped Under Debris
Take Action Ater an Earthquake
This Happened to Me!
Tsunami Race
Know Tsunami Warning Signs
Brace or a Big Wave
Survive Being Swept Away
in a Tsunami
Deal with a Tsunami at Sea
Know When Mud Might Flow
Make It Through a Mudslide
Save Your Home rom Mudslides
Know You’re in Avalanche Country
Assess Incline
Recognize Avalanche Types
Ride Out an Avalanche
Get Rescued rom an Avalanche
Know Which Way Is Up
Strap On an Avalanche Beacon
Walk in a Whiteout
Drive in a Blizzard
Deal with Being Snowbound in a Car
Ride Out a Blizzard at Home
Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Store Food During a Blizzard
Clear a Heavy Snow
Protect Your Face in a Sandstorm
Drive in a Sandstorm
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DISASTER
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Pick a Sae Seat on a Train
Stop a Train
Get Your Car O the Tracks
Jump rom a Moving Train
Use Your Cell or an Airborne SOS
Contact Air Trafc Control
Jump Out o an Airplane
This Happened to Me!
Panic in the Air
Salvage a Crash Site
Make It to the Lieboat
Abandon Ship Saely
Swim Through Burning Oil
Deal with a Hazmat Situation
Decontaminate Yoursel
Seal Your Home During a
Chemical Spill
Get Clear o a Hazardous Spill
Don a Gas Mask
Prevent the Spread o
Airborne Illnesses
Dispose o a Body
Improvise Shelter During
Nuclear Fallout
Bunk Up in a Bunker
Assess and Respond:
Understand Radiation
Anticipate Radiation’s
Lasting Eects
Make it Through a Power Outage
Survive a Heat Wave
Eat Right in a Blackout
Start Your Car with a Screwdriver
Siphon Fuel
Charge Your Phone with a Flashligh
Harness a Car Battery’s Power
Harvest Aspirin rom Tree Bark
Catch a Squirrel or Dinner
Eat Roadkill
Render Animal Fat
Stash Valuables or Dark Times
Scavenge Eectively
Fend O Looters
Run Bartertown
Build a Compound
Rig a Hobo Stove
Improvise Tools
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Sense Your Surroundings
Foil a Pickpocket
Carry Survival Gear on a Keychain
Drop a Decoy Wallet
Hit Where It Counts
Defend Yourself with Pepper Spray
Find Substitutes for Pepper Spray
Master Basic Fighting Technique
Make a Serious Fist
Clutch a Roll of Quarters
Defend Yourself with Your Keys
Figure Out If Someone Is Armed
Conceal a Weapon
Disarm an Attacker
This Happened to Me!
Home Invasion
Secure Your Home
Handle an Intruder
Wield a Tactical Flashlight
Improvise a Weapon
Make a DIY Alarm
Stash Valuables in a Book
Build an Outlet Safe
Avoid Identity Theft
Pick a Lock
Figure Out If Your Home Is Bugged
Lose a Tail
Beware Common Poisons
Save a Poisoning Victim
Soak Up Poison with
Activated Charcoal
Install Smoke Detectors
Prevent Electrical
Fires in the Home
Make Your Home Fire-Safe
Assess and Respond: Fight a Fire
Stock Fire Safety Gear
Smother a Fire
Use a Fire Extinguisher
Escape a Burning House
Steer with Blown Tires
Deal with Brake Failure
Get Out of a Skid
Drive on Black Ice
Stop Hydroplaning
Live Through a Cliff-Hanger
Survive Crashing into the Water
Put Out a Car Fire
Pack a Lifesaver in Your Car
Avoid a Carjacking
Play It Safe in a Parking Garage
Signal from a Car Trunk
Escape from a Car Trunk
Outsmart Your Kidnappers
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URBAN
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Deduce Where You’re Being Held
Avoid Stockholm Syndrome
Free Yourself from Ropes
Case Study: Nabbed by the Cartel
Survive an Abduction
Live Through a Hostage-Taking
Assess and Respond: Take a Blow
Know Basic Maritime Laws
Safeguard Against Pirates
Call for Help During a Pirate Attack
Repel Boarders from Your Boat
This Happened to Me!
One Mean Machete
Get to Know the Customs
Avoid Counterfeit Cops
Be a Smart Traveler
Blend In for Safety
Hide Money in Your Clothes
Use the Buddy System
Exit a Tunnel Safely
Stay Safe on Mass Transit
Survive a Human Stampede
Be Alert to the Risk of Terrorism
Prevail in a Riot
Know the Weapons of a Raging Mob
Deal with Tear Gas
Evade IEDs
Escape a Dirty Bomb
Avoid Sniper Fire
Slip Past Enemy Forces
Case Study: Gone Postal
Live Through a Workplace
Shooting
Stock Your Gun Safe
Clean a Firearm
Lock Up Your Weapons
Clear a Jam
Shoot with the Proper Stance
Treat a Powder Burn
Deal with a Gunshot Wound
Help Someone Who Has
Been Impaled
Silence Your Gun
Modify Your Shotgun
Make the Most of a Shotgun Shell
Shoot a Crossbow
Sharpen a Knife
Pick Your Blade
Throw a Knife
Build a Better Bola
Make a Shank
Make a Bow and Some Arrows
Index
Acknowledgments
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Outdoor adventurers know not to venture into the wild without the
necessary survival gear. But what about when you’re at home? Or out
running errands? No matter where you are, you should always have
certain survival essentials at hand. And while there’s no such thing as a
universal “bug-out bag” (called a “BOB” or short), you can assemble
a variety o kits or every situation.Start o by putting together the items below to create a ully stocked
at-home kit that can meet the needs o you and your amily in a disaster
scenario. Store it someplace accessible so that you’re always at the ready.
CHECKLIST
Assemble an At-Home Survival Kit
� Nonperishable ood (a three-
day supply or each person)
� Small stove with propane or
other uel
� Kitchen accessories
and cooking utensils
� Can opener
� Three-day supply o water
(1 gallon/3.75 l per
person, per day)
� Water-purifcation tablets
� Bleach (add to water to make
a mild disinectant, or use
16 drops per gallon/3.75 l to
puriy water)
�Portable, battery-poweredradio or television and extra
batteries
� Flashlight and extra batteries
� Battery-operated, hand-
cranked, or solar-powered
cell-phone charger
� Tools, such as a wrench
or shutting o utilities, a
screwdriver, and a hammer
� First-aid kit and manual� Sanitation and hygiene items,
such as soap, moist towelettes,
toilet paper, and towels
� Items or inants, such as
ormula, diapers, bottles, and
pacifers
� Signal mirror and whistle
� Extra clothing or each person,
including a jacket, coat, long
pants, and long-sleeved shirt� Hat, mittens, scar, or other
climate-specifc clothing or
each person
� Sturdy hiking or athletic shoes
and socks
� Sleeping bag or warm blanket
or each person
� Special-needs items, such
as prescription medications,
eyeglasses, contact-lenssolution, and hearing-aid
batteries
� Photocopies o credit and
identifcation cards
� Cash and coins in small
denominations
� Plastic bags in various sizes
� Ground cloth or tarp
� Powdered, chlorinated lime
to treat waste and discourageinsects
� Strike-anywhere matches in
a waterproo container
Stock an
Ofce BOB
Disaster can strike at any time, including when you’re
at work. That’s why it’s smart to keep a BOB in yourofce or under your desk. It should include a set o
rugged clothes (because scaling a wall in a suit is
rarely a good idea), athletic shoes and socks (have you
ever tried running in heels?), and a ew ood items and
bottles o water. Toss everything in a single grab-and-
go tote so you can evacuate efciently, and then stash
it in a drawer and orget about it. You’ll be thankul to
have it should your work environment ever become
truly unpleasant.
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029
030Too posh to sleep in a garbage bag? Not if you want
to stay dry. A large plastic trash bag can serve as a
waterproof body covering. For insulation, stuff the bag
with leaves, pine needles, and dry grasses.
Hole Up in a Tree Well
Make a Bedin a Pinch
Snow is not necessarily an enemy in a blizzard. It’s a
great insulator, and if you build a proper snow shelter,
it’ll keep you safe and warm for a short period.
You can quickly make an effective snow shelter in
a tree well (the depression in snow around a tree
trunk formed by the protective canopy of branchesabove it). First, reinforce the natural enclosure
by propping up additional branches around
the lowest branches. Next, dig out
the snow accumulated around the trunk. Finally, lay
evergreen boughs on the oor to make a comfortable
sleeping place that can be as much as 40º F (22º C)
warmer than the temperature outside.
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048
Crocodilians aren’t prone to
chasing down people on land, but
it can happen—especially if yousurprise one or it’s defending a
nest. While these beasts are faste
on land than you might expect,
they’re still far from world-class
sprinters: The fastest on record
clocked in at 10 miles per hour
(17 kmh), which means you can
easily outpace it. What’s more,
they tire quickly, exhausting mos
of their energy in short bursts.
Even so, it’s best to stay at least
20 feet (6 m) away from any
gator or croc, but if one does give
chase, know that the oft-repeated
advice to run in a zigzag is bunk.
This process has you going back
and forth in front of the gator’s
business end. Instead, run in a
straight line as fast as you can.
Outrun a Crocon Land
If you see a croc or a gator that hasn’t been
made into shoes or a purse, consider yourself
in danger. This goes quadruple if you’re in the
water, where it’s got the home advantage. If
one does get hold of you and begins its famous
“death roll” beneath the water’s surface, don’t
ght the direction of the revolution, as the croc
will tear off bite-size pieces of your body (not
fun for you, though convenient for your foe).
Instead, try to gouge out its eyes or thrust your
ngers (or better yet, a stick or knife) into its
snout. It might leave you alone. But then again,
its cousin has likely ended up as some human’s
belt, so it may be dead set on revenge.
Avoid BeingGator Bait
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065
Top Round
Top Round
Eye of Round
Eye of RoundSirloin Tip
Sirloin Tip
Shank
Shank
Rump
Rump
So you’ve snagged a deer—now what?
Dragging that vital meat back to your
shelter is hard work. Here’s how to
avoid hefting the carcass over your
shoulders and trying to hoof it back.
Use the deer’s anatomy to your
advantage by cutting a 1-inch (2.5-cm)
slit in the muzzle, just behind the black
part of the nose. Push a sturdy stick
through the opening, grasp the ends
with both hands behind your back, and
walk back to camp. The bone structure
of the deer’s head will bear the weight
as you pull it along. Sure, it’s a long
haul, but you’ll use less energy pulling
than you would carrying—energy that
you’ll need to butcher that deer.
Chances are you’ll be limited in your butchering tools
in a survival situation, so the traditional method of
using a saw to cut through bones might not be feasible.
But you can still llet a deer leg with a knife.STEP ONE After skinning the hind leg, place it on a
stump or boulder with the outside of the leg facing up.
STEP TWO Slice through the connective tissue (called
“silverskin”) along the natural seam between the top
round and the sirloin tip. Then pull the top round and
the eye of round away from the bone.
STEP THREE Cut away the rest of the silverskin to
yield the rump at the top of the hip bone.
STEP FOUR Turn the leg over and separate the round
from the sirloin tip by pulling apart the natural seamwith your ngers. Then slice the cuts away from
the bone, trimming away any other meat by cutting
through the connective tissue.
STEP FIVE Pull the shank off the bone. There’s not a
lot of meat there, but every bite counts. Who knows
when you’ll eat again?Drag a Deer
STEP-BY-STEP
Butcher a Deer Leg
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THIS HAPPENED TO ME! Trapped in a Canyon
I took off on a day trip to a nearby desert, hoping to
take photos of plants and rock formations. I let my
roommate know where i was headed and when i’d be back.
i was familiar with the area, so i wasn’t worried.
i was particularly excited to explore some canyons in the
area. But i hadn’t made it far when i got myself in trouble.
the wall wasn’t stable enough for me to
climb back up. i had to follow the canyon
and hope i could find a place to climb out.
fortunately, a ranger had detected my emergency signal. he drove along the canyon until he found me.
boy, was i ever lucky he did.no picture of a lousy cactus is
worth that close a call.
i marked my progress in the
streambed so someone might see i’d
been there. soon i was running low
on both water and hope.
but luckily i had my
gps. I pressed the
emergency button and hoped.
i was trying to photograph a cactus
when i stepped too close to the edge and
skidded down into the canyon.
of course, i’d packed snacks,
water, and other supplies.
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Build a Dike
Make DIY Flood
Protection
If oodwaters are threatening your home, use
sandbags to create a dike.
PICK A SPOT Build the dike on the side of your yard
from which water will be owing. Don’t erect the
dike against a wall: The weight of the sandbags might
compromise the building’s structure.
FILL THE BAGS Put the rst scoop of sand just inside
the bag’s mouth to hold it open, then ll it halfway full
before tying off the top.
If you’re caught without sandbags and an inundation is imminent, it’s
time to improvise. First off, be aware that you don’t have to use sand to
build your fortications—dirt or small gravel will do in a pinch. Fill up
pillowcases, tie off T-shirts and pants, or even use socks if need be. If
you’re building a fortication to protect your home, you can try piling up
furniture as an armature, then lling in the gaps with your improvised
sandbags. It doesn’t have to be pretty; it just has to divert water.
BUILD THE BARRIER Friction between sandbags an
the ground holds the dike in place, so remove slippe
substances like leaves. If you’re going to build your
dike more than 3 feet (1 m) high, increase its stability
by placing the bottom row of bags in a shallow trenc
that’s about 6 inches (15 cm) deep and 2 feet (61 cm)wide. Stagger the position of bags as you stack them,
as if you were laying bricks. As a rule of thumb, the
width of the dike at the bottom should be two or thre
times the overall height.
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A tsunami can travel through deep water at more than
600 miles per hour (965 kmh), crossing an ocean in
less than a day. And it won’t calm down when it hits
shore: Shallower water actually makes it taller. Here’s
how to tell if a big wave is headed your way.
A MAJOR SHAKE-UP An earthquake in a coastal
region is an obvious warning sign. If you live near
the earthquake, seek out high ground. Even if the
earthquake is across the ocean, monitor broadcasts for
warnings—tsunamis can travel long distances.
ANTSY ANIMALS Look out for changes in animal behavior. Scientists believe critters pick up on the
earth’s vibrations before we do, so if they’re nervous,
it may be for good reason.
RECEDING WATER The rst part of a tsunami to
reach land is the drawback trough, which causes
coastal waters to recede, exposing normally
submerged areas. If you spot a drawback, you’ve got
about ve minutes before the big wave hits.
It’s not just earthquakes that cause tsunamis:
Volcanic activity, landslides, or impact from spa
objects can all set one off. And since the biggest
tsunamis are as tall as 100 feet (30 m), you’ll wan
to get at least that high above sea level. Anytime
you’re in a coastal area, think about where you
would go in a big-wave emergency.
PLOT YOUR ESCAPE Do a little recon to identifescape routes to high ground. Plan on following
designated tsunami evacuation routes (if they’re
established in your area) or simply heading inlan
and uphill as quickly as possible.
STAY TUNED Keep your ear tuned to the radio
and TV for warnings. Evacuate immediately upo
receiving notice of an impending tsunami.
GET THE HECK OUT Unless you have a death
wish, don’t go to the beach to watch the waves
come ashore. Immediately meet up with your
loved ones and head for high ground.
Know TsunamiWarning Signs
Brace for aBig Wave
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201
Get Your CarO the Tracks
Jump from aMoving Train
Car versus train never works out well—especially for the car. So never stop
a vehicle on railroad tracks, and never race a train to the crossing. Play the
lotto instead: You have a better chance of winning.
If, for some reason, your vehicle gets stuck on the tracks when no train is
coming, go ahead and try to push or tow it off. Enlist help for this.
If you get any hint that even a distant train is on the way, is there anything
to gain by staying? Let me answer that one for you: Nope! Run like crazy
and get at least 200 feet (60 m) away, because parts of your beloved
Camaro are about to become ying shrapnel.
Unless you’re riding an out-of-control train carrying explosives o
hazardous materials, you’re probably safer riding out a train wre
than attempting to jump while the train is moving. In a worst-cas
scenario, however, you’ve gotta do what you’ve gotta do, so at lea
prepare yourself for a rough landing.
LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP Try to miss obvious obstacles, such as
platforms, bridge infrastructure, posts, and trees. Aim to hit the
ground on a soft, open spot.
ASSUME THE POSITION When you jump, hold your body in a
slight crouch, bent at your knees and waist so you can absorb the
blow. Keep your feet and knees together and your arms wrapped
tightly across your chest, with your chin tucked. Try to hit the
ground feet rst, then roll with the momentum.
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229
230
Eat Roadkill
In a worst-case scenario, food will be scarce. Roadki
might be an option, but how do you know if that
raccoon with rigor mortis is dinner-worthy?
MARK YOUR CALENDAR Actually, rigor mortis isn’
all bad. Most animals in rigor are good for at least
another day in hot weather, up to three days in cold.
CHECK FOR FRESHNESS Here’s where it’s helpful
to know your area. If the critter wasn’t on the side o
the road yesterday, well, you know it ’s fresh. The no
really does know, so if it smells putrid, it is.
LOOK FOR PESTS Flies are usually the rst guests
at the road pizza party, so seeing them is a good sign
However, if you see eggs already laid on the carcass,
or if maggots are feasting, it’s best to move on.
EYEBALL THE ORGANS If the poor beast’s internal
organs have ruptured, nd something else to eat.
All clear? Good. Then butcher it as you would a
fresh kill (see entry #065), but be extra thorough in
the cleaning and preparation. And when it comes to
cooking, the longer and hotter, the better.
STEP-BY-STEP
Render Animal Fat
Just because you aren’t going to chow down on that
dead animal doesn’t mean it ’s useless. Learning how
to render fat is an important skill in extreme survival
situations. Tallow (beef fat) and lard (pig fat) are
made through the rendering process. And if you can
get that far, you can make many things—soap, candles,
cooking oils, and even biodiesel fuels.
STEP ONE Cut the animal carcass into small chunks;
1-inch (2.5-cm) cubes are ideal.
STEP TWO In a well-ventilated area that’s far away
from other people, ll a large tub or basin with water
and place it over very low heat.
STEP THREE Add the cubes of fat and bone, and stir
constantly, scraping the bottom as you go. Don’t heat
the fat too quickly, or it’ll start to burn and smoke. In
that case, remove it from heat and resume cooking
only when you can achieve a lower temperature.
STEP FOUR When the fats have liqueed, strain out
the chunks, or cracklings. What remains is a clean
grease that has a wealth of uses.
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1
7
3
9
5
11
14
13
16
6
12
15
2
8
4
10
7
92
13
81
3
10
11
12
16
4
5
6
15
14
Base of Skull
Back of Neck
Back of Elbow
Kidneys
Sciatic Nerve
Tailbone
Temple
Potentially Deadly
Excruciatingly Painful (Minimal Risk of Death or Serious Injury)
Could Cause Serious Injury
The pain from striking or pressing on any pressure points can be
agonizing. Bear in mind: any hit can be lethal if it’s powerful enough
Below Ear at Hinge of Jaw
Base of Throat (Trachea)
Front of Shoulder Joint
Armpit
Bladder and Abdominal Wall
Solar Plexus
Side of Neck (Carotid Artery)
Groin
Base of Neck Behind Collarbone
Hit Where
It Counts
If someone attacks you, ght back. And don’t just
ail around blindly—place your blows strategically
for maximum impact. If you target fragile areas of
your attacker’s body and strike with an elbow or
a closed st, you could stun an assailant, buying
yourself the time to get out of there. But usethis information responsibly: Reserve the more
injurious moves for ghts that truly require it.
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264
Soak Up Poison withActivated CharcoalWouldn’t it be swell if there were a simple pill
to take after accidentally ingesting a common
poison? There’s no cure-all, but you might try
activated charcoal. (No, not the kind of charcoal
you use on your grill—this stuff’s only available
at pharmacies.) A mainstay in many rst-aid
kits, this light and practically tasteless powder
binds with ingested poisons and prevents your
body from absorbing them. But before taking it,
check with your local poison-control center, as
activated charcoal could hurt—not help—if taken
in combination with certain toxins.
STEP-BY-STEP
Save a Poisoning Victim
Helping a poisoning victim can be tricky, since
there’s no one-size-ts-all solution. But in every
case, it’s vital to nd out what the toxin is andseek help.
STEP ONE Make sure the victim is breathing. If
not, call 911 to summon an emergency crew.
STEP TWO Check for any remaining poisonous
substance in the victim’s mouth. If you nd any,
wipe it away.
STEP THREE If the victim isn’t breathing and
you’re certied in CPR, begin rescue breathing.
STEP FOUR If the toxin is a household product,
check the label for advice, or contact your localpoison-control hotline. Do not induce vomiting
unless instructed to do so.
STEP FIVE If the victim goes to the
emergency room, take the pill bottle
or package that contained what
was ingested. That will help
doctors start proper treatment
immediately.
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279
280
Live Througha Clif-Hanger
STEP-BY-STEP
Survive Crashinginto the Water
A car veers toward a cliff, then stops, leaving the front
of the vehicle hanging in space. Way cool in a movie,
supremely uncool in real life. What you do next can
mean the difference between life and death.
CALL IN THE CAVALRY Call 911, explain your sticky
situation, and give your location. If the car seems
too unstable for you to safely get out of it, remain
incredibly still while you wait for the rescue team.
RESCUE YOURSELF If waiting for rescue seems
unwise, move very slowly to prevent unbalancing the
car. Crawl into the back seat and exit through a rear
door or window. If the car starts to teeter, stop and
wait for someone to anchor it before you exit.
WORK TOGETHER But what if you’re not
alone in this car on a precipitous cliff?
Those sitting in the front should moveslowly to the back seat in order to keep
the car’s weight off the front axle.
Everyone should then exit both
sides of the car as quickly
as is safe, turning to help
others once outside the
vehicle.
Escaping a car that has gone underwater takes a cool
head. If you panic, you probably won’t survive.
STEP ONE Get your seatbelt off and try to open the
door before the water level gets above a few inches.
STEP TWO If that doesn’t work, open the window
and climb out before the water level reaches the glass.
If you can’t open the window, use a blunt object to break
the glass and crawl out.
STEP THREE No go? Stay calm—though of course that’s
easier said than done. Wait until the car lls with water,
and then try the door again. It will probably open once
the water pressure inside equals the pressure outside.
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287 Outsmart YourKidnappers
Being kidnapped is scary stuff for sure, and I hope
it never happens to you (or me). But if you someday
nd yourself nabbed and stuffed in a dark closet, you
should try to play your captors to your advantage.
KNOW YOUR ENEMIES Keep track of how many
captors you have, noting their names, physicalappearance, mannerisms, and where they fall in the
hierarchy, if you detect one.
MAKE A CONNECTION Try to establish a rapport.
Yes, they’re kidnappers, but they probably have a
human side (even Hitler liked animals). Try to get
your captors to see your human side as well. You’re
better off if they view you as a person.
WATCH THE CLOCK Memorize your kidnappers’
schedules and keep track of the passage of time. Don’t
have a room with a view? Pay attention to changes in
temperature at dawn and dusk, bustle or quiet in thehallways, and your handlers’ alertness. If it seems as
if they need coffee, it just might be morning.
BE A GOOD “GUEST” This is one situation in which
you have every reason to scream, shout, and kick
anyone that comes near you. But don’t. Follow all
orders and instructions and, once you’ve achieved
a basic rapport, try asking for any needed items,
such as medicine, food, or water. Make requests in a
reasonable, low-key manner.
ESTABLISH YOUR OWN ROUTINE Every day, try to
do some mental as well as physical exercise—you wan
to be feeling clear-headed and t when the chance for
escape arises. If you can’t move much, use isometric
and exing exercises to keep your muscles toned.
Unless you think you’re being drugged, eat what
your captors give you—malnourishment makes you
weak. And as for that very understandable stress, use
meditation techniques to keep yourself from losing it.
REACH OUT Listen carefully for clues that there are
other prisoners near you. If you detect the slightest
sign that you’re not alone, attempt communication.
You may nd a buddy who can help you bust out.
LOOK FOR OPPORTUNITIES Keep an eye out
for patterns of behavior that you can use to your
advantage. If your captors take regular smoke breaks
or leave you unguarded to watch news coverage, you
might have just enough time to make your escape.
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304
KNOW THE NUMBERS
Mass Transit
13 Number of people killed in the 1995 saringas attacks on the Tokyo subway.
660 FEET (201 M) Plunge of the worst cable-
car disaster in history, which happened in Italy
in 1976.
4 Number of suicide bombers who carried
out the London attacks in 2005, which killed
52 people and injured more than 700.
1 in 94,242 Odds of dying in a bus accident.
10.2 BILLION Number of public transportation
trips taken in the United States in 2010.
355 Number of people killed in the United
States each year at railway crossings.
13 Number of improvised explosive devices
placed on trains in the 2004 Madrid attack.
1 Person killed on the New York subway
system by a lunatic wielding a power saw.
STEP-BY-STEP
Exit a Tunnel Safely
Getting stuck on the subway is not only a drag—it
can also be dangerous, especially if you need to make
your own way out of the tunnel.
STEP ONE Avoid the two most dangerous things in a
subway tunnel: moving trains and the electricity that
keeps them going. Don’t walk on the tracks, because
a train can come without warning. And stay away
from the third rail—which is usually elevated and to
the side of the tracks—since it can electrocute you.
Instead, walk along the ledge adjacent to the tracks.
STEP TWO Find the emergency exits, which are
positioned along the wall and well marked.
STEP THREE Follow the signs up the stairs—you’lllikely nd a dead-end metal hatch. If you push hard
against the iron bar, the hatch will open and you can
climb out onto the sidewalk above the subway.
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319
320
Lock Up YourWeapons
Nothing’s more dangerous than a gun that can fall
into the wrong hands. The most secure method for
storing guns and ammunition is to use a locked gun
safe. Gun safes are too heavy to carry off, and most
thieves won’t take the time to try breaking into them.
For extra security, all safes need a combination lock. Also, consider locking your rearm in a small safe
mounted to your bed frame, which will give you
immediate access in an emergency. A bed safe can
hold a handgun, a tactical ashlight, and ammunition,
so it’s small enough to go unnoticed.
When you’re ring a semiautomatic weapon,
sometimes a spent cartridge jams in the chamberwithout fully ejecting. To clear the jam, make sure the
muzzle is pointed in a safe direction, then smack the
bottom of the magazine to ensure it’s properly seated.
Pull the slide back and ip the gun smartly to the side
to help the cartridge fall out, then let the slide slam
forward to chamber the next round.
Clear a Jam
Shoot with theProper Stance
Shooting accurately begins with a strong stance and ends
with a controlled trigger nger.
STAND LIKE A FIGHTER Stand sideways with your
shoulder pointed toward your target. Move one foot
slightly forward and lean toward your aim point.
GET A GRIP For extra stability, use a two-handed grip,
wrapping your weaker hand over your stronger one. Grip
the handle rmly but not as if you’re trying to choke it,leaving your trigger nger relaxed. Position your trigger
nger so that the crease of the rst joint makes contact
with the trigger.
TAKE AIM AND FIRE Line up the front and rear sights
with the target, then squeeze the trigger smoothly (rather
than jerking it). The instant of discharge should be
unanticipated, keeping your shot true to the target.
Set your sight
and re.
Angle your
body toward
the target.
Place one
foot forward.
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333STEP-BY-STEP
Make a Bow and Some Arrows
The bow and arrow was once the weapon of choice,
and in a survival situation it will still serve you well.
You’ll need a piece of dry, dead wood about 1 yard(1 m) in length and free of knots or branches. The
ideal wood should be fairly exible, so choose
mulberry or juniper, if possible. You’ll also need some
sort of material to use as a bowstring. This string can
be hemp, rawhide, sinew, or rope. It’s the wood that
gives the bow its power, not the string.
STEP ONE Cut notches at the top and bottom of the
bow to hold your bowstring.
RICH SAYS
“Learn to view everything as a potential
weapon, right down to the toothpick on your
dinner table. I’m serious.”
STEP TWO Tie off the ends of the rope in
the notches. Your bow should have a slight
bend to prevent it from snapping all the way back into a relaxed position.
STEP THREE For arrow shafts, select thin, straight
rods of dry wood about half the length of the bow.
Use any pointed object as an arrowhead.
STEP FOUR Use feathers for etchings to balance
the arrow in ight. Cut the feather down its center,
then glue it (if possible) to the shaft, or tie it in place
with twine or light string.
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