ÜDS DENEME SINAVI İLİMLER - 8 A - ingilizcecin.com · SOSYAL BİLİMLER - 8 ÜDS DENEME SINAVI...

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SOSYAL BİLİMLER - 8

ÜDS DENEME SINAVISOSYAL BİLİMLER - 8

A

İçindekiler:

Cevap Kağıdı

Deneme Sınavı

Cevap Anahtarı

Sınavın Yabancı Kelimeleri

Uyarılar:1. Bu testte 80 soru vardır. Bu sorular için toplam 3 saat (180 dakika) süre

ayrılmıştır.

2. Soru türlerine ait giriş ve çıkış saatleri, sınavın sabah 9:30 -12:30arasında uygulanacağı varsayılarak belirlenmiştir. Soru türlerine giriş veçıkış saatlerini, sınava başladığınız saati esas alarak değiştirebilirsiniz.

3. Düzeyinizi tam olarak belirlemek istiyorsanız, sınavı tek bir oturumdauygulayınız.

4. Önerilen süreleri aşmayınız.

5. Bir soru üzerindeki değerlendirmenizi bitirdikten sonra, o soruya tekrardönmeyiniz.

6. Sorularınıza verdiğiniz cevapları daha sonra değiştirmeyiniz.7. Cevabını iki seçeneğe kadar indirgediğiniz sorularda, size göre doğru

çıkma ihtimali zayıf olan seçeneği işaretleyiniz.

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CEVAP KAĞIDI


- 3 - Diğer sayfaya geçinizð

SOSYAL BİLİMLER - 8A

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1. - 21. sorularda, cümlede boşb ırakı lan y ere uygun düşen kelimeya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Başlangıç saati : 09:30Bitiş saati : 09:51Toplam süre : 21 dakika

1. Every community in the world recognizescertain activ ities as crimes, and hasdeveloped its own way of ---- them.

A ) depending on B ) breaking intoC) looking after D) making for

E) dealing with

2. The visitors were taken to the airport,and there they were - --- by the assistantmana ger.

A ) made off B ) seen of fC) put through D) turned out

E) looked over

3. I’m sure the boy is not really backward,but it is certainly difficult for him to ----the other students in his class.A ) pull up B ) make up forC) keep up with D) turn down

E) take over

4. Even in developed countries it is notunusual to see wage and job ---- againstw o m e n .

A ) separation B ) di f ferenceC) discrimination D) insurance

E) divers ity

5. The origins of stress vary from person toperson, and people ---- differently tostressfu l ev ents.A ) ref er B ) re lyC) adopt D) react

E) appeal

6. This hotel certainly offers a high standardof service at ---- rates.

A ) contemporary B ) competitiveC) relative D) conceivable

E) reliable

7. Syndicalism embodies the idea thatworkers, through direct action, ---- ageneral str ike, should seize control ov erthe means of production and hence gainpol itical power.

A ) especially B ) previous lyC) tremendously D) respect ful ly

E) consistently

8. The period ---- which Margaret Meepainted the Amazon flora coincided ----the time when the Amazon rain forestwas being destroy ed.

A ) on / from B ) in / atC) at / on D) during / with

E) for / by

9. Some delicate fruits and vegetables needto ripen gradually as they make their way--- - producer nations to consumermarkets ---- the globe.

A ) from / around B ) with / onC) for / in D) of / over

E) through / through

10. The purpose of this bridge project is ----to eliminate the cause of such accidents---- to keep traffic moving at a steadyrate.

A ) only / but also B ) both / andC) not only / and D) as much / than

E) so / as

11. The term ‘man-machine system’ fe llsomewhat into disrepute and wasreplaced by ‘person-machine system’ -- --the need to avoid sexist language.

A ) contrary to B ) despiteC) in case of D) in accordance with

E) instead

12. The slavery issue was ---- one reason ----the northern and southern states foughtagainst each other during the US CivilWar.A ) on the other hand / whichB ) as such / whereasC) only / whyD) moreover / thatE) thus / in that




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13. The United Nations has, on numerousoccasions, tried to assert its authority tomediate a dispute between nations, -- --has often been ineffective ---- the nationsinvolved refused to acknowledge theright of the United Nations to intervene.

A ) yet / thatB ) but / becauseC) either / orD) therefore / because ofE) however / as far as

14. Multinational companies account for ----60 percent of trade in manufacturedgoods in the developed wor ld.

A ) so much B ) rather thanC) as far as D) by no means

E) no less than

15. Until the time of World War II, it ---- thathuman beings --- - to the requirements oftechnological systems with great ease.A ) is assumed / adaptedB ) has been assumed / were adaptingC) was assumed / are adaptingD) had been assumed / could adaptE) assumed / have adapted

16. In his acknowledgement, the wri terthanked his wife for the support she ----him while he ---- the book.

A ) had given / was writ ingB ) gave / is writingC) gives / has been writingD) has given / will be writ ingE) was giving / had written

17. Since Swedish Industr ial relationships---- so many fundamental changes, it ishardly surprising that the existence of a‘Swedish model’ ---- .

A ) were undergoing / will be questionedB ) underwent / has been questionedC) had undergone / had been questionedD) are undergoing / was being questionedE) have undergone / is being questioned

18. If it ---- for the severe air pollution of1952, which was responsible for 4,000deaths, the UK Clean Air Act of 1956 ---- .

A ) weren’t / hadn’t been passedB ) was not / won’t be passedC) hadn’t been / wouldn’t have been passedD) wouldn’t be / hadn’t been passedE) isn’t / was not passed

19. ---- corporations grow in size anddiversity, the difficulty of managingemployee relations increases.

A ) Les t B ) In caseC) W hether D) So that

E) A s

20. ---- had so many people complained soloudly for so litt le cause.A ) Only onceB ) For the first timeC) At the beginningD) Up to this timeE) From the start

21. -- -- economic dev elopment projects indev eloping countries are carefullythought out and implemented, they canactually contribute to environmentaldeter ioration.

A ) Provided that B ) UnlessC) Since D) So long as

E) W henever

22. - 31. sorularda, cümleyi uygunşekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.


22. Much has been written about theories ofknowledge, - -- - .

A ) that philosophical discussions in generalthreaten empirical research and shouldtherefore be avoided

B ) though little attention has been given totheir implications for empir ical research

C) unless they can resolve some of theproblems faced by social scientis ts

D) whether the status of social science isseriously in doubt

E) in case methodology needs to be crit icaland not merely descriptive




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23. Hungary was founded by peoples ofFinno-Ugrian and Asiatic Turkish origin---- .

A ) who had moved westward in the earlyMiddle Ages and conquered the NativeSlavs

B ) as they were tradit ionally called ‘theMagyars ’

C) so that they could have escapedpersecution by their enemies

D) even though their leader Arpad united themE) so long as Arpad’s warriors had been a

community of free and equal men

24. American interests in the Africaneconomy has recently intensified ---- .

A ) that many American companies hadinvested heavily in mining

B ) even if the Bush administration fullysupports the American involvement inAf r ica

C) as a series of articles published in TheNew York Times last year gave the issuenew prominence

D) because most American multinationals hadrecognized that Af rica might constitute athreat

E) before the United Nations began carryingout a survey country by country

25. ---- , there is rarely one simple cause.

A ) Though the results of the incident weredevastat ing

B ) However closely the boy kept his secretC) Since so many children witness violence

within their own familyD) W hen biological factors were also involvedE) W hen young people manifest serious

emotional problems

26. T he M inister emphasised how necessaryit was ---- .

A ) if inf lation could have been avoidedB ) that all institutions should be willing to work

with the government to bring down inflationC) as long as private enterprises worked

alongside state institutions to ensureprosper ity

D) if privatisation may be desirable and cost-ef f ec t ive

E) as, in my opinion, unemployment is thecrucial factor

27. When we stop trying to fit people into acommon mould, ---- .

A ) it should be realized that people developdi f ferent ly

B ) their natural talents as well as theirlimitations became apparent

C) people who don’t f it the mould are regardedas stupid

D) we’l l be able to produce brighter, moreef fective c it izens

E) this should be recognized by educatorsand parents alike

28. Although the colonists enjoyed unusualprosperity at least until 1764, ---- .

A ) Britain would have attempted to tightenimperial supervision

B ) the system did, in fact, f it the needs of thenew country

C) they had, nevertheless, certain economicgr ievances

D) only the commercial laws have irr itated thecolonists

E) monetary legislation came in too late

29. ---- if there are no shared activ ities.

A ) It is almost impossible to create a sense ofcommunity

B ) Cultural diversity has many advocatesC) The problem with relativism is that it has

led, almost inevitably, to separatismD) Too many people failed to recognize the

dangers of divers ityE) This sense of common purpose would have

been undermined

30. T hough many workers apparentlyapproach the fatigue state by Friday ---- .

A ) workers in factories are usually c lassed asskilled, semi-skilled and unskilled

B ) the nature of the work performed cannotbe overlooked

C) it is generally acknowledged that boredomand fatigue are interrelated

D) a shorter working week created otherproblems

E) they are able to recover during theweekend rest




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31. ---- when they believe that teachers careabout them personally and educationally.

A ) As a group, these students reached highlevels of achievement

B ) The psychological needs of studentscannot be overestimated

C) The learning context should have receivedas much attention as the students

D) Students develop a posit ive att itudetowards school

E) There has been a remarkable improvementin student performance

32. - 36. sorularda, verilen Türkçecümlenin anlamına en yak ın İngilizcecümleyi bulunuz.


32. Okul binalar ındaki bakım giderleri hızlaart ıyor ve bunları karşı layacak fonlarınsağ lanması g iderek zor laşıyor.

A ) As maintenance costs for school buildingswere r ising quickly, it was getting harder tofind the necessary funds to meet them.

B ) W ith the rise in maintenance costs forschool buildings, it is becoming extremelydiff icult to get hold of funds to meet them.

C) Maintenance costs for school buildings arerising rapidly and funds to meet them arebecoming increasingly diff icult to get holdof .

D) The rapid rise in maintenance costs forschool buildings means that funds to meetthem are becoming increasingly diff icult tofind.

E) It had got increasingly diff icult to raisefunds to meet the ever-increasing rise inschool maintenance costs.

33. Rusya Cumhurbaşkan ı Putin,Afganistan’ ın Kuzey İttifakı güçleriniTaliban’a karşı mücadelelerindedestekley eceğ in i söy ledi .

A ) The Northern Alliance in Afghanistan isreportedly being supported by PresidentPutin of Russia in its struggle against theTaliban.

B ) The Russian President, Putin agreed tosupport the armies of Afghanistan’sNorthern All iance while they fought theTaliban.

C) The armies of Afghanistan’s NorthernAlliance sought the help of president Putinof Russia in their f ight against the Taliban.

D) It is reported that Russia’s President, Putin,is ready to assist the forces of theNorthern Alliance in Afghanistan in theirstruggle against the Taliban.

E) President Putin of Russia said he wouldsupport the forces of Afghanistan’sNorthern Alliance in their f ight against theTaliban.

34. Hudson Kör fezi her y ı l tamamen donmasada gemi seferler ine or talama olarak üçaydan daha kısa bir süre aç ıkt ır.A ) W hen Hudson Bay is completely f rozen

over, which on average is for less thanthree months of the year, it is closed tonavigation.

B ) On the average, Hudson Bay is open tonavigation for as li ttle as three monthseach year though it is only rarelycompletely f rozen over.

C) Hudson Bay is open to navigation for aslittle as three months in an average eventhough it is never completely f rozen over.

D) Even though Hudson Bay is not completelyfrozen every year, on the average, it isopen to navigation for less than threemonths.

E) On the average, Hudson Bay is closed tonavigation for less than three months of theyear, which is when it is completely frozenover.




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35. Hemingway edebiy at kar iyerine gazeteciolarak baş lam ış t ır ve gerçekten,romanlar ın ın çoğu kendisinin çok değ iş ikdeneyimler ine dayan ır.

A ) It was as a reporter that Hemingway beganhis li terary career, which is why so manyof his novels are based upon his own,quite varied, experiences.

B ) Hemingway began his l iterary career as areporter, and indeed many of his novels arebased upon his own, extremely varied,exper iences .

C) Many of Hemingway’s novels and otherliterary works are based upon hisextremely varied experiences as a reporterstart ing on his li terary career.

D) Hemingway’s various experiences as areporter, as he set out on his l iterarycareer, supplied him with the materials forhis novels and other l iterary works.

E) Hemingway’s l i terary career began whenhe was a reporter and so his own verycolourful experiences became the core ofmany of his novels.

36. On alt ıncı yüzy ı lın sonlar ından itibaren,hümanizma, k lasik geleneğe day alı bireğ it im sistemi o larak görülmeye başlad ı .

A ) By the late sixteenth century, humanismhad come to be considered as a system ofeducation that had its roots in classicism.

B ) Towards the end of the s ixteenth century,humanism was being regarded as a systemof education c losely following the c lassicaltradit ion.

C) From the late s ixteenth century onwards,humanism began to be perceived as asystem of education based on the classicaltradit ion.

D) Towards the end of the s ixteenth century,humanism was already being recognizedas a c lassical-based system of education,

E) The classical-based system of education,derived from humanism, came into beinglate in the s ixteenth century.

37. - 41. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümlenin anlam ına en yak ın Türkçecümleyi bulunuz.


37. Education in the M iddle Ages wasconducted in Latin, and the main goal forreceiving an education was to become acler ic .A ) Ortaçağda eğ it im Latince yürütülüyordu ve

eğitim almanın baş lıca amacı, rahip olmaktı.B ) Ortaçağda, Latince verilen bir eğitimi

almanın temel amacı, din adamı olmaktı.C) Ortaçağda, eğitim Latince’ydi ve bunun

temel nedeni rahipler taraf ındanyürütülmesiydi.

D) Ortaçağda, din adamı olmak amacıyla alınaneğ itim, Latince olarak veriliyordu.

E) Ortaçağ eğitimi tümüyle Latinceyürütülüyordu ve rahip olmak ancak böylebir eğitimi almakla mümkündü.

38. Sustainable development is dev elopmentthat meets the needs of the presentwithout endangering the ability of futuregenerat ions to meet their own needs.

A ) Gelecek kuşakların kendi ihtiyaçlarınıkarşılamasını engellemeden, sadecegünümüz ihtiyaçlarının tümünü karşılayankalkınmaya, sürdürülebilir kalkınma denir.

B ) Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın gerçekleşmesiiçin bugünün ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasıyetmez, gelecek kuşaklara da kendiihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilme olanağısağlanmalıdır.

C) Günümüzde ihtiyaçlarını karşılayankalkınmaya sürdürülebilir kalkınma denir,ancak bu, gelecek kuşakların kendiihtiyaçlarını karşı lamasını tehlikeyesokmamalıdır.

D) Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, bugününihtiyaçlarını, gelecek kuşakların kendiihtiyaçlarını karşılama gücünü tehlikeyesokmadan karşılayan kalkınmadır.

E) Gelecek kuşakların kendi ihtiyaçlarınıkarşılama gücünü tehlikeye sokmamayı vebugünün ihtiyaçlarını karşılamayı amaçedinen kalkınma, sürdürülebilir kalkınmadır.




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39. T he unemploy ment stat istics publ ishedby the government contain a number ofproblems, and some of these are relatedto hidden unemploy ment .

A ) Hükümetçe açıklanan işsizlik istatistikleri,bazıları gizli işsizlikten kaynaklanan pek çoksorunu ortaya koymaktadır.

B ) Hükümetin yayımladığı işsizlik istatistikleripek çok sorun içermektedir ve bunlardanbazıları doğrudan doğruya gizli işsizliklebağlantılıdır.

C) İşsizlik istatistikleri hükümetçe yayımlanmışolup bunlar bir çok sorunu da ifadeetmektedir ve bu sorunların bazıları sadecegizli işsizlik konusuna ilişkindir.

D) Pek çok sorunu ortaya koyan işsizlikistatistikleri hükümet tarafından açıklanmıştırve bu sorunlardan bazıları tamamen gizliişsizliğe ilişkindir.

E) Hükümet tarafından yayımlanan işsizlikistatistikleri bir çok sorun içermektedir vebunların bazıları gizli işsizlikle ilgilidir.

40. When the terrorists at tacked the WorldTrade Centre on September 11th, votingwas already under way in the primaryelection for New York’s new may or.

A ) 11 Eylül’de Dünya Ticaret Merkeziteröris tlerin saldırısına uğrayınca, NewYork’ta yeni belediye başkanı iç in ön seçimyapılması yoluna gidildi.

B ) Teröristlerin 11 Eylül’de Dünya TicaretMerkezi’ne saldırmaları üzerine NewYork’un yeni belediye başkanı için derhal önseçime gidildi.

C) Teröristler 11 Eylül’de Dünya TicaretMerkezi’ne saldırdıklarında, New York’unyeni belediye başkanı için ön seçimde oyverme iş lemi devam ediyordu.

D) Dünya Ticaret Merkezi 11 Eylül’deteröristlerin saldırısına uğradığında yeniNew York belediye başkanının ön seçimiiçin oy verme iş lemi baş lamak üzereydi.

E) 11 Eylül’de Dünya Ticaret Merkeziteröris tlerce saldırıya uğradığında, NewYork’un yeni belediye başkanı için ön seçimoylaması yapı lıyordu.

41. Most Cuban exiles in America believe thatCuba possesses biological warfaretechnology and is also on friendlierterms with Iraq than the Pentagon thinks.

A ) Amerika’daki Kübalı sürgünlerin çoğu,Küba’nın biyolojik savaş teknolojisine sahipolduğuna ve ayrıca, Irak’la Pentagon’unsandığından daha dostça ilişkiler içindeolduğuna inanmaktadır.

B ) Amerika’daki pek çok Kübalı sürgün,Küba’da biyolojik savaş teknolojisininvarlığına ve aynı zamanda Küba’nın, Irak’laPentagon’un düşündüğünden daha dostçailişkilere sahip olduğuna inanıyor.

C) Amerika’daki çoğu Kübalı sürgünün deinandığı gibi, Küba’nın biyolojik savaşteknolojisi vardır ve ayrıca, Küba Irak’laPentagon’un zannettiğ inden daha dostçailişkiler sürdürmektedir.

D) Amerika’daki Kübalı çoğu sürgünün inancınagöre, Küba, biyoloik savaş teknolojisinesahiptir ve Irak’la Pentagon’undüşündüğünden de ileri düzeyde dostçailişkiler içindedir.

E) Amerika’daki pek çok Kübalı sürgün,Pentagon’un tersine, Küba’nın biyolojiksavaş teknolojis ine sahip olduğuna veIrak’la sanıldığından daha dostça ilişkilersürdürdüğüne inanmaktadır.

42. - 46. sorularda, karşıl ıkl ıkonuşmanın boş b ırakı lan k ısm ındasöylenmiş o labilecek sözü bulunuz.


42. Phil : Were the Fabians communists?

Tony : - - - -

Phil : Can you give me an example?

Tony : Yes. They believed that reformmust come f rom theenlightened cooperation of allclasses, not from theiropposi t ion.

A ) W hy do you ask? No one remembers themn o w.

B ) Everyone will give you a dif ferent answerto that question.

C) They weren’t really a group, you know.They were a collection of unusual people.

D) Some people reckon they were. But someof their beliefs were quite different.

E) George Bernard Shaw was the best knownmember of the group. And I don’t think hewas a communist.




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43. Frank : At last I’ve managed to get acopy of this month’s PracticalM at t ers.

Dan : - - - -

Frank : Do you really have one? Ithought you never readmagazines, so I never eventhought of asking you.

Dan : I don’t usually. But this month Iheard there were a couple ofinteresting ar ticles in it.

A ) Then when you’ve f inished with it pass iton to me.

B ) W hy didn’t you ask me for mine?C) Good. There are some interesting articles in

it this month.D) You were lucky then. They are usually all

sold by the 17th of the month.E) I took out a subscription so mine comes

through the post.

44. Clara : Welcome back! When were youlast here? I t must be somethinglike 15 years.

Sarah : Even more than that. Nearly 20!

Clara : - - - -

Sarah : I certainly have. For one thing,ev erywhere is v ery muchg re en er.

A ) Then I’m sure you must have foundeverywhere very changed.

B ) How long do you expect to be here thistime?

C) Well, you’re certainly looking f ine. All thingsconsidered, you haven’t changed verymuch.

D) It doesn’t seem that long, but I suppose itis .

E) Is it really? And where have you been inthe meanwhile?

45. Pat : What is the function of the juryin a trial?

Colin : It has to listen to all theev idence and decide whether ornot the accused person is guilty.

Pat : - - - -

Colin : He advises the jury and passessentence on the accused if he isfound guilty.

A ) How does the jury know that the accusedreally is guilty?

B ) Does the jury have a legal training?C) How are the jury members chosen?D) W hat happens if the judge and the jury

disagree?E) W ell then, what is the duty of the judge?

46. Ken : If you go to the Lake District, besure to visit the litt le town ofGrasmere. The scenery there ismagnif icent .

M ary : - - - -

Ken : That’s right. He lived there fornine years in Dove Cottage andwas buried in the churchyard ofSt. Oswald.

A ) Is that on Lake W indermere too?B ) The poet W ordsworth is associated with

Grasmere, isn’t he?C) I plan to avoid all tourist centres and head

for the mountains.D) I’m told that one walks up the mountains

there; there is no serious climbing.E) Yes, W ordsworth describes that part icular

view in a number of his poems.

47. - 51. sorularda, cümleler s ırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.


47. (I) In the field of interior decoration, glasshas come into high favour in recenttimes. (I I) There have also been manyinnov ations in lighting methods allowinglighting systems to be worked into thestructure of rooms. (I I I) This is largely onaccount of its versatility. (IV) It can takeany colour and is capable of a largevariety of surface treatment. (V) The useof a mirror-wal l has also become popularas it doubles the size of an interior andgiv es i t completeness and sy mmetry.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

48. (I) T he educat ion systems of the worldare constantly being criticised. (II) Theyare cr iticised because emphasis is giv ento theories instead of values, to conceptsinstead of human beings, to efficiencyrather than conscience. (I I I) Children aretaught to compete. ( IV) One might expectthat education would serve as anadequate barrier to barbarity. (V) But theyare not taught how best to live in a trulysustainable society.





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49. (I) Advertising by its very nature isobtrusive and attracts attention to itselfas well as to the goods and services itoffers. (I I) This is why everyone hassomething to say about it. (III) So it is notsurprising that it has become a popularsubject of controversy. (IV) As a matter offact, in the long run, products sell ontheir merits. (V) Nor is it l ikely that thearguments that rage around it will soonbe settled one way or the other.


50. (I) The causes of depression differ inmen and women. (I I) Research showsthat women usual ly internalise distress,while men externalise it . ( II I ) Depressedwomen are more likely to talk about theirproblems and reach out for help.(IV) Depressed men often have lesstolerance for internal pain and turn tosome action or substance for rel ief.(V) Male depression is thus less obviousthan female depression, as the male,instead of trying to deal with it, seeks torun away from it.A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

51. (I) Dante’s influence on the literature ofhis country is unparalleled in literaryhistory. (II) Especially with his DivineComedy, he set the final pattern ofliterary Italian. (II I) His epistles andeclogues owed a lot to Latin rhetoricalwri tings. (IV) This great masterpiece is apoetic narrative of a journey through hell,purgatory, and heaven in which hepassed moral judgement on early 14thcentury Italy. (V) Already in his lifetimeimitations of this great work wereattempted, but he was too great to besuccessful ly imitated.A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

52. - 56. sorularda, parçada boşb ırakı lan yere uygun düşen ifadeyibulunuz.


52. Everyone in the US has been shocked bythe recent ser ies of high school murderscommitted by male students. People arealso extremely puzzled by them. ---- .Presently, many scientists are ev enseeking biological explanations for thisnot common but certain ly destructive,social pathology.

A ) In fact, only a relatively small percentage ofadolescents wil l agree to overlook acts ofviolence

B ) No one knows where the border betweennormal and abnormal is

C) Some people argue that the brain is thecause of aggression and the cure for it

D) Clearly there is no easy way to eliminateschool violence

E) They want to know why they havehappened

53. The arguments for and againstadvertising have been complicated by thedifficulty of isolating advertising costs.---- . For instance, the expense involvedin making the yearly style changes inAmerican cars is put down as amanufacturing cost, but it could well beargued that it should be put down as asell ing cost.A ) It has been claimed that, in some cases,

one cannot dis tinguish betweenmanufacturing and selling costs

B ) Conversely, it can be argued thatadvertis ing contributes to economies inmanufacture

C) Nevertheless, the true cost of advertisingis extremely dif f icult to assess

D) This is because advertising on a massscale enables a manufacturer to producegoods in greater quantit ies, and thereforemore cheaply

E) The two main types of advertising are theinformative and the competitive




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54. The precise health and env ironmentaleffects of noise pollution are not fullyknown. ---- . Moreover, sounds of highintensity and long duration can causepermanent damage to the auditorys y s t e m .

A ) Noises from industrial operations areusually confined to the plant structure

B ) The impact of vehicle noise on a populationusually depends on traf f ic concentrationsrather than on any individual vehic le

C) Prolonged noise exposure may causegeneral personal distress, either singly orin combination with other s tress

D) The other important secondary effect ofnoise on human health is noise-inducedvibration

E) Noise has the same general ef fects onanimals as it does on humans

55. It has been argued that ‘capitalism’entails the production of goods or theprevision of services for profit. ---- . Eventhough many of these transactions werebarter exchanges, this does not meanthat profit was enti rely absent. It wassimply some form of profi table exchangethat did not involve money.

A ) By capital we mean not just money butmore especially a means of production

B ) As it happens, in a capitalist society only avery small proportion of industrial activity isunder the control of the government, andsometimes none at all

C) This notion of private ownership of themeans of production as a central feature ofcapitalism should not arouse controversy

D) This, however, wil l not serve to identifycapitalism as a distinctive system sincegoods and services have at all times beenexchanged with a view to striking a goodbargain

E) However, it is necessary to limit theapplication of the term ‘capitalism’ to adiscernible pattern of social and economicrelations

56. The troubadours belong to 11th centuryFrance. T hey were poet -musicians aboutwhom we know little as practically noneof their music has survived. ---- .Contemporary wi th them in Germanywere ‘ the M innesingers’ but their songswere mostly simi lar to ecclesiasticalh y m ns .

A ) Not until the 15th century did England beginto make a signif icant contribution to thehistory of music

B ) The earliest history of W estern music isclosely bound up with the Church

C) Probably their music was largely secularand their songs were mostly about loveand beauty

D) Meanwhile in 14th century Italy a quiteseparate form of music was developing

E) Indeed, little is known about the history ofsecular music

5 dakika dinlenme arası .

Seçeneklerin izi say ın ız.




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57. - 80. sorular


Her bir metin ve buna ait 3 soruyucevaplamak için toplam 7.5 dakikaay ır ın ız.

57. - 59. sorular ı aşağıdaki parçayagöre cevaplay ın ız.

In surveys of British public opinion,journalists typically rank belowpolit icians, lawyers and used-carsalesmen as trustwor thy characters. Andyet we depend upon journalists to guideus through today’s rapidly evolving,information-r ich ‘media age’. Theinternet, digita l television andtechnologies as yet unborn all promise torevolutionise how we learn about what ’sgoing on, in a world increasingly shapedby the forces of economic globalisation.But there is surely no substitute forgood-quality, probing journalism. Afterall, it is the great crusading craft. It is thegreat support of democracy. In everysociety, authority - whether gov ernment,corporate or pressure group - needs tobe constantly and vigorously challengedby an independent press. In every societytoo, that challenge rarely comes from theright. Indeed, in theory at least, it shouldcome from the campaigning, liberalme di a.

57. The important point stressed in thispassage is that ---- .

A ) the internet wil l replace the press unlessthe press improves its standards

B ) the standard of journalism in Britain isparticularly high

C) journalism has a very important duty to fulf ilD) the importance of the press is very often

overestimatedE) there is no valid role left for the press in

the ‘media age’

58. It is pointed out in the passage that, ingeneral, the British people ---- .

A ) do not have much faith in the pressB ) are more influenced by what they see on

the television than by what they read in thenewspapers

C) are indifferent to the forces of economicglobalisation

D) prefer right-wing to left-wing journalismE) equate journalism with democracy

59. The writer of this passage is clearlyfirmly convinced that the various news-providing technologies such as theinternet and television ---- .

A ) are very l iberal in their attitudes towardshuman behaviour

B ) will presently take over all the functions ofthe press

C) already present matters of globalimportance in a far more convincing mannerthan the press can

D) cannot serve the same purpose as anindependent press

E) are being unfairly criticised by a greatmany journalis ts




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As one steps out of the busy commercialstreets in front of the station in aJapanese city and moves on into the sidestreets, one often encounters old shopsand historic temples and shrines whichhint at the former character of the city. Itis in the side streets rather than the mainroads that the original face of a city is tobe found. But even in antique-lookinghouses in side streets, one can often seethat their interiors may have been rebuiltand their fitt ings replaced in an attemptto keep abreast of the times. This appliesin farming villages as well as cities;old-sty le houses and bui ld ings decreaseyear by year, and in some cases thechanges have been ev en more radicalthan those which have occurred in thecities. But although outward appearanceand facilities may have been renovated,there has surely been no renovation inthe sensibilit ies and attitudes of thepeople who liv e in these newenv iron ment s.

60. The passage contains a lot aboutrenovation within the old houses andbuildings ---- .A ) though many of them are being pulled downB ) including the decorations of temples and

shrines in the main streetsC) though a large proportion of the interiors

have remained unchangedD) which are largely s ituated around the main

stat ionE) but the people are basically still traditional

61. An interesting point made in the passageis that ---- .

A ) the old history of a Japanese city is to befound in side streets not in busycommercial ones

B ) the Japanese villages have completelyavoided the c ity trends of modernisation

C) the character of the Japanese is changingrapidly as a result of modernisation

D) Japanese temples and shrines no longerplay a signif icant role in the Japanese wayof l ife

E) in modern Japan more and more people aremoving from farming villages to cities

62. This passage is primarily concerned with---- .

A ) the pride that the Japanese people feel fortheir great historic heritage

B ) the economic importance of activities in theside streets of Japanese c ities

C) the contrast in li fe-styles between thevillages and the cities of Japan

D) the social importance of Japanese templesand shrines

E) the blend of old and new in present-dayJapan




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In the past decade the term ‘internalmarketing’ has emerged in manycompanies to describe the application ofmarketing internal ly within the firm. Thisseems to be an area where practiseappears ahead of theory. Despite theexistence of many internal marketingprogrammes, no books, at least inEnglish, have been published on internalmarketing and only a handful of articleshav e addressed this important andemerging area. T here are two keyaspects to this. One involves the notionof the internal customer. That is, everyperson working within an organization isboth a supplier and a customer. Here weare concerned with getting staf f torecognise that both individuals anddepartments have customers, anddetermining what can be done to improvelevels of customer service and qualitylevels with in the organisation. Thesecond aspect is concerned with makingcertain that all staff work together in amanner that is attuned to the company’smission, st rategy and goals.

63. We learn from the passage that as a term,‘internal marketing’ ---- .

A ) refers to the qualif ications required of acompany’s staf f

B ) has only been in use since the 1990sC) has been extensively dealt with in

academia publicationsD) has as yet no practical applicationE) has been in use in marketing strategies for

several decades

64. According to the passage one of the aimsof internal marketing is to ---- .

A ) upgrade the quality of a company’scustomer service

B ) ensure that there is a continual supply ofgoods

C) encourage in-service training for allemployees

D) promote a spirit of competition betweendepartments

E) increase the number of customers throughpromotions

65. According to the passage, when there isinternal marketing within a firm ---- .

A ) its activities will be reviewed at regularintervals and its employees encouraged tomake their suggestions

B ) every employee should be instructed as tothe company’s aims and strategies

C) the employees are invariably seen to becontented

D) all the employees are expected to worktogether in harmony with the company’sobjec tives

E) there are regular meetings betweenmanagement and representatives of theemployees




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The advert ising techniques and methodsused today were for the most partdevised in Britain, Europe and America,and as a new technique evolved in onecountry it was quickly taken upelsewhere. The practise continues on aworld-wide scale. The simplif icat ion ofthe words and i llustrations inadver tisements has come about as theresul t of the skill of copywri ters, ar tistsand photographers combined with thefindings of advert is ing research workers.Advertisers have found it is often moreeffect ive to concentrate on puttingacross one aspect of their product thanto go into lengthy descriptions. Theyhave seized on the truth of the sayingthat a picture can be worth a thousandwords. Some critics of advertising haveargued that an advertiser should becontent to furnish the public withinformation about his product and drawthe line at persuasion, but in practise thediv iding line between informing andpersuading is impossible to draw.Persuasion star ts at the point whereinformation is first supplied, particularlywhen, as must happen for reasons ofspace and time, the information given isselect iv e.

66. As it is pointed out in the passage,advertising in this age ---- .

A ) has not grown rapidly more effective inspite of the increased enthusiasm and skillof copywriters and artis ts

B ) has tended to give more and more detailedinformation

C) tends to concentrate on the arts ofpersuasion

D) seems to have forgotten how ef fective anillustration can be

E) has grown more selective and simpler

67. According to the passage, as newtechniques in advertising evolve in onepart of the world ---- .

A ) other parts of the world feel underpressure to come up with something new

B ) they rapidly spread to anotherC) the competition for markets is intensif iedD) and are copied in another, local differences

disappearE) copywriters start to look for f resh

inspiration elsewhere

68. We understand from the passage thatadv ertis ing is generally regarded asserving the dual functions of informingand persuading, ---- .

A ) though the information supplied is notalways reliable

B ) persuasion, however, is by far the moreimportant

C) however, these two functions are actuallyinseparable

D) but the amount of information offered isrestricted by lack of space

E) and this is the reason why advertisementshave grown longer




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The growth of the importance of librariesin both the social and the scientificspheres has led to a great developmentin library science and in educationaltraining for the profession oflibrarianship. In Germany and Francerequirements for admission to theprofession of librarian have been laiddown by the state; in other countrieswhere there are library schools andprofessional examinat ions, professionalqualif ications are usually expectedthough they are not necessary foradmission to the profession. T heAmer ican Library Association, founded in1876, was the first such association to beestablished in the world, and has beenresponsible in no small measure for theadvances in library techniques in Americaand elsewhere. L ibrary associat ions nowexist in most countries. The EnglishLibrary Association, founded in 1878,holds national and local conferences,maintains an excellent library andinformation bureau, promotes facili t iesfor professional education, conductsexaminations (elementary, intermediateand final) and maintains a register ofqualif ied librar ians.

69. We understand from the passage that , aslibrarians have grown in importance, ---- .A ) the state has, in most countries, taken over

their administrationB ) it has been necessary to f ind separate

facilit ies for sc ientif ic subjectsC) the need to train people in librarianship has

been recognisedD) professional qualif ications are everywhere

essential for admission to the profession oflibrarian even in a very junior capacity

E) library associations have been formed inmost countr ies to ensure that all librariesare organized in the same manner

70. It is pointed out in the passage thatadvances in library technique ---- .

A ) have s lowed down and are now almost ata standstill

B ) have, to a large extent, been the work ofthe American Library Association

C) comprise only a very small part of alibrarian’s training

D) are sti ll little known outside of AmericaE) are of interest only to the professional

librarian and do not affect the generalpublic

71. It is clear from the passage that theEnglish Library Association ---- .

A ) plays a very active role in the training ofl ibrarians

B ) rarely makes any contact with the generalpublic

C) is almost an exact replica of the AmericanLibrary Association

D) is in many important respects very differentfrom its counterpart in the States

E) has been responsible for the rapiddevelopment in library science throughoutthe world




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The art of Leonardo da Vinci, like hischaracter, is full of conflicting tendenciesand apparent contradictions. His tirelesscuriosity, combined with his deep feelingfor all l iv ing things, led him as a scientistto explore the entire range of naturalphenomena, whi le at the same t ime afantast ic creative imagination caused himas an artist to transform the results ofhis scientif ic researches in a thousandways. T hese two elements of h is naturealternated throughout his life and explainhis restless changes of occupat ion andthe fact that he never devoted himselfexclusively to painting for very long at atime. Although in his versatility andscientif ic interests he is usually regardedas the quintessence of the man of theRenaissance, yet some of the products ofhis tortured imagination are a directreminder of the middle ages. Even in hisartistic output confl icting tendencies areapparent. In the ‘Last Supper’ he reachesthe peak of his Renaissance classicism,whereas in other works, such as theAnghiari cartoon, his sense of restlessmov ement clearly foreshadows thebaroque. Finally, in the ‘Deluge’ drawings,he produces works which are completelyunrelated to European art and suggestthat of the Far East.

72. This passage about Leonardo da Vinciputs the emphasis on ---- .

A ) his scientif ic activit ies rather than on hisartistic ones

B ) his versatil ity and the apparently conflictingelements in his works

C) the masterly execution of his ‘Last Supper’painting

D) how medieval inf luences are apparent in allhis paintings

E) how fully representative he was of theRenaissance spirit of Italy in his age

73. The writer of this passage offers anexplanation as to why da Vinci ---- .

A ) fil ls his pictures with so much restlessmovement

B ) preferred sc ientif ic exploration to creativepainting

C) had to keep his scientif ic activities quiteseparate f rom his creative ones

D) chose to paint the ‘Last Supper’ in the highRenaissance style

E) did not concentrate exclusively on his artfor any long period of time

74. It is clear from this passage that thewr iter does not share the commonly heldview that da Vinci ---- .

A ) was a lonely, isolated f igure who did notshare in the activities of his own age

B ) was the greatest artist of the RenaissanceC) should have devoted himself exc lusively to

his art istic activit iesD) is the embodiment of the typical

Renaissance manE) had a creative imagination but it was stif led

by his scientif ic curiosity




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The extension of French as a second oracquired language is particularly striking.This was to some extent the result ofmilitary and political prestige, but thevirtues of the language itself and Frenchcultural achievements actually played amuch greater role. T he lead which Francetook in the 12th century in literature andin other domains made its language asort of lingua franca of the culturedclasses of Europe; and in the 17th and18th centuries French was cult ivatedassiduously by the royal courts and theupper classes of most Europeancountries and was wri tten by manynon-French authors. But even before theend of the 18th century French began tolose ground, and the movement wasaccelerated by the revival of nationalsentiment in Europe at the turn of thecentury and later by the rise of Englishunder the influence of Britain andAmer ica. Many things, however, havefound their supreme expression inFrench; and its precision, beauty andeloquence make it a classical language inthe true sense of the wor ld.

75. According to the wri ter of this passage,French was widely used outside ofFrance ---- .A ) especially in Britain and AmericaB ) only during the years of France’s military

and political supremacyC) though this was not gratifying to the

French peopleD) among all classes of societyE) largely on account of its intrinsic merits and

because France was culturally to the fore

76. It is pointed out in the passage thatFrench ---- .

A ) is the ideal language of literature andculture but lacks the definition necessaryfor the conduct of everyday l ife

B ) is a language of great beauty andeloquence, but that these qualities cannotbe appreciated out of France

C) was the language favoured by many non-French writers in Europe in the 17th and18th centuries

D) should not have been replaced by EnglishE) has scarcely changed at all since it rose to

importance in the 12th century

77. It is clear from the passage that thespread of nationalism in Europe in theopening years of the 19th century ---- .

A ) slowed down the emergence of English asan international language

B ) contributed to the decline in the importanceof French as a foreign language

C) followed the sudden loss of the militaryprestige of France

D) was f irmly encouraged by a group of non-French writers

E) was a sure sign that the period of France’slead in cultural matters was completelyover




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Hans C. Andersen, the Danish author, wasborn on 2nd April, 1805 at Odense inFünen. His father, a poor shoemaker, wasdevoted to reading and thinking, but diedwhen Hans was a child. His mother was asimple, uneducated woman, who af terher second marriage sank sti ll deeperinto poverty and took to drinking in herold age. Andersen, who loved her dearly,told her story in ‘She was Worth Nothing’.His grandmother did her best to spoil theboy, who was given to daydreaming.After a very meagre education in apauper -school it was intended toapprentice him to a tailor, but as afortune- teller had foretold that Odensewould one day be illuminated in hishonour, his mother permitted him to goto Copenhagen, where he tr ied tobecome an actor or a singer, but cut apitiable figure. Fortunately, kind peoplesupported him. T hanks to the supportand guardianship of Jones Collin, aninfluential councillor of state, Andersenat the age of 17 was sent to school. In1828 he matriculated and at once began towrite, mostly plays and poems. In the 30she travelled abroad twice. From 1835 hisfairy tales began to appear ininstalments, and were soon t ranslatedinto almost all the European languages,and gained for him a world reputation.The ful l acknowledgement of his owncountrymen, for which he longed somuch, came much later. But it came atlast. He lived to see Odense, his nativetown, illuminated in his honour aspr ophe sie d.

78. We understand from the passage that thestory of Andersen’s own life ---- .A ) reads like a fairy storyB ) is one of continual hardship and

disappointmentC) lacked intensity and varietyD) provided him with no materials for the

stories he wroteE) shows how lonely is the life of a gifted

wr i t er

79. It is clear from the passage that the greatturning point in Andersen’s career came---- .

A ) with the publication of the story ‘She wasW orth Nothing’

B ) when his father diedC) when his f irs t poems were publishedD) during his f irst tour of EuropeE) when, aged 17, Collin sent him to school

80. It is pointed out in the passage thatthough Andersen got world acclaim earlyin his career ---- .

A ) this did not make up for the fact that hisown country never recognised him

B ) he never set foot outside his own countryC) this only lasted for a short timeD) his own country was s low to recognise his

gif tsE) his happiest days were those he had spent

with his family in his childhood

• Kalan 30 dakika sürenin 15 dakikasın ı hiçbakamadığın ız sorular içinkullanabilirsiniz. Daha önce üzerindeuğraşt ığın ız sorulara tekrar geridönmey iniz .

• Son 15 dakikalık süreyi asla soru çözerekgeçirmeyiniz. Bu süre zarf ındaseçenekler inizi sayın ız ve boş b ırakt ığın ızsorular ı , cevap kağıd ın ızda sayıca en azçıkan seçeneğe göre işaretleyiniz.

TEST BİTT İ.

CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.


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CEVAP ANAHTARI


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ÜDS DENEME SINAVISOSYAL BİLİMLER - 8YABANCI KELİMELER

Soru 1. make for = yapmak, ortaya çıkarmak, ileriye götürmek, produce, advance

Soru 2. make off = aceleyle gitmek/çıkmak/terk etmek, make away, escapesee off = (birini) geçirmek/uğurlamak/yolcu etmekturn out = 1) (bir hatası nedeniyle birini) dışarı çıkarmak, throw out; 2) (ışık vs.)kapamak, söndürmeklook over = incelemek, göz gezdirmek, examine, inspect

Soru 3. pull up (to/with) = (diğer bir yarışmacı vs. ile) aynı düzeye gelmek, (diğerini) yakalamakmake up for = telafi etmek, compensate, settleturn down = geri çevirmek, reddetmek, refuse

Soru 4. separation = ayrılma, ayırma, break-up, split, zıt anl. = unificationdiscrimination = ayrımcılık, ayırım yapma, bias, unfairness, zıt anl. = impartialitydiversity = çeşitlilik, farklılık, variety, assortment, zıt anl. = uniformity

Soru 5. rely on = güvenmek, bel bağlamak, depend, entrust, zıt anl. = distrustreact (to) = tepki göstermek, respond

Soru 6. contemporary = çağdaş, güncel, yaşıt, modern, current, zıt anl. = archaic, ancientconceivable = akla yatkın, makul, reasonable, zıt anl. = inconceivablereliable = güvenilir, emin, sağlam, trustworthy, dependable, zıt anl. = unreliable

Soru 7. syndicalism = sendikacılık (özellikle genel grev yoluyla üretim araçlarını işçi örgütlerinedevretmeye çalışan siyasi hareket)embody = kapsamak, içermek, include, combine, zıt anl. = exclude, divideseize = tutmak, yakalamak, el koymak, ele geçirmek, grab, catch, zıt anl. = relinquishmeans of production = üretim araçlarıtremendously = son derece, çok büyük çapta, greatly, enormously, zıt anl. = slightlyconsistently = tutarlı bir şekilde, invariably, zıt anl. = divergently

Soru 8. flora = bitey, bitki örtüsü

Soru 9. ripen = olgunlaş(tır)mak, maturegradually = aşamalar halinde, yavaş yavaş, step-by-step, progressively, zıt anl. =abruptly, suddenlymake one’s way = ilerlemek, yol kat etmek, hayatta başarılı olmak, advanceglobe = yerküre

Soru 10. eliminate = gidermek, yok etmek, throw out, defeat, get rid ofsteady = tutarlı, istikrarlı, sabit, değişmeyen, devamlı, sağlam, stable, consistent, zıtanl. = unsteady, shaky

Soru 11. fall into disrepute = adı kötüye çıkmakin accordance with = —e uygun olarak, uyarınca, in compliance with, zıt anl. = contraryto

Soru 12. slavery = kölelikas such = 1) öyle, şöyle, böyle; 2) aslındamoreover = bundan başka, ayrıca, üstelik, additionally, furthermore


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Soru 13. occasion = olay, fırsat, vesile, gerek, neden, event, opportunity, causeassert = (zorla) kabul ettirmek, öne sürmek, insist, press, declaremediate = aracılık/arabuluculuk etmek, araya girmek, intercededispute = anlaşmazlık, uyuşmazlık, tartışma, çekişme, controversy, argument, zıt anl. =agreement, understandinginvolved = (olaya) karışmış, işin içinde olanacknowledge = (bir gerçeği) kabul etmek, admit, recognise, zıt anl. = deny, ignoreintervene = araya girmek, interfere, mediate

Soru 14. manufactured = imal edilmiş

Soru 15. with great ease = çok büyük bir kolaylıkla

Soru 16. acknowledgement = 1) (kitaplarda) teşekkür bölümü; 2) kabullenme, recognition

Soru 17. Industrial Relation(ship)s = İşveren – işçi ilişkileri

Soru 18. severe = sert, katı, şiddetli, ciddi, güç, firm, hard, rigid, serious, difficult, zıt anl. = soft,mildAct = yasapass = (yasa) geçirmek/çıkarmak, enact

Soru 21. provided that = koşuluyla, şartıylaunless = —mezse, —medikçe

Soru 22. threaten = tehdit etmek, gözdağı vermek, warn, jeopardise, zıt anl. = relieve, protectempirical = deneysel, ampirikresolve = 1) çözmek, solve; 2) karar vermek, decide; 3) azalmak, iyiye gitmek, recovercritical = eleştirisel

Soru 23. traditionally = geleneksel olarak, conventionallypersecution = zulüm, eziyet, cruelty, brutality, zıt anl. = benevolenceunite = birleştirmek, bir araya getirmek, combine, consolidate, zıt anl. = disunite, severwarrior = savaşçı

Soru 24. involvement = ilgi, ilişki, karışma, bulaşma, concern, engagementcarry out = yapmak, yerine getirmek, uygulamak, accomplish, fulfil, implement, perform

Soru 25. incident = olay, hadise, occurrence, event, happeningdevastating = yıkıcı, yok edici, harap edici, destructive, disastrous, zıt anl. = construc-tivewitness = tanık/şahit olmak, tanıklık/şahitlik etmek, observe

Soru 26. bring down = 1) aşağıya çekmek, azaltmak; 2) yıkmak, yerle bir etmekenterprise = girişim, teşebbüsensure = garanti etmek, sağlamak, temin etmek, secure, guaranteeprivatisation = özelleştirmecrucial = can alıcı, kritik, çok önemli, pivotal, vital, zıt anl. = trivial

Soru 27. fit into = sığ(dır)mak, uy(dur)mak, uygun olmak, go/place in, be suitablemold = kalıpalike = 1) benzer; 2) eşit şekilde; 3) hem..., hem..., similar, in the same way, both

Soru 28. colonist = koloni kuranimperial = imparatorluğa ait, emperyal


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supervision = gözetim ve denetim, superintendence, administrationgrievance = yakınma, şikayet, şikayete yol açan şey, complaintmonetary = parasal, malilegislation = yasama, kanun yapma; yasalar, kanunlar, enactment; laws

Soru 29. sense of community = cemaat/topluluk/birliktelik duygusuadvocate = destekçi, savunucu, avukat, supporter, lawyer; (fiil=) desteklemek,savunmak, supportrelativism = bağıntıcılık, görecelikinevitably = kaçınılmaz bir şekilde, unavoidably, zıt anl. = avoidablyseparatism = ayrılıkçılık

Soru 30. approach = yaklaşmak, yanaşmak, reach, near, (isim=) yaklaşım, attitudefatigue = yorgunluk, tirednessoverlook = dikkate almamak, gözden kaçırmak, disregard, ignore, miss, zıt anl. = no-tice, spotinterrelated = birbiriyle ilgili/ilişkilirecover = iyileşmek, kendine gelmek, improve, get well, zıt anl. = deteriorate

Soru 31. care about = 1) sevmek, hoşlanmak, be fond of; 2) (bir fikir vs.) ile ilgilenmekoverestimate = fazla tahmin etmek, abartmak, overrate, zıt anl. = underestimatecontext = bağlam, çevre ve koşullar

Soru 42. enlighten = aydınlatmak, bilgilendirmek, explain, advise, educateenlightened = aydınopposition = muhalefetcollection = toplama, koleksiyonreckon = sanmak, düşünmek, saymak, hesaplamak, think, calculate

Soru 43. manage = 1) becermek, başarmak, accomplish, succeed; 2) yönetmek, idare etmek,administer, runpass on (to) = (bir bilgi, söz vs.) (kişiden kişiye) iletmek/göndermek, sendtake out = (belge, evrak, sigorta poliçesi vs.) elde etmek, satın almak, obtainsubscription = abonelik

Soru 44. all things considered = her şey göz önüne alındığındain the meanwhile = bu süre içinde, bu arada

Soru 45. sentence = karar, hükümpass sentence on = kararı bildirmek/iletmek

Soru 46. scenery = doğal manzaramagnificent = görkemli, harikachurchyard = kilise bahçesi/avlusube associated with = ile ilgisi/ilişkisi olmak, be affiliated/connected withhead for = (bir yere doğru) yolculuğa hazırlanmak

Soru 47. come into high favour = çok tutulmaya başlamakwork into = (yavaş hareketlerle) yerleştirmek, oturtmak, uydurmak, (yuvasına) alıştırmakversatility = çok yönlülük/fonksiyonluluk, many-sidednesssurface treatment = yüzey işlemleri

Soru 48. constantly = devamlı, sürekli, continually, perpetually, zıt anl. = rarely, seldomcriticize = eleştirmekconcept = kavram


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conscience = vicdanbarrier = engel, bariyersustainable = sürdürülebilir, maintainable

Soru 49. obtrusive = göze batan, kendini belli eden, conspicuous, prominent, zıt anl. = unobtru-sive, inconspicuousas a matter of fact = aslındain the long run = uzun vadedemerit = değer, erdem, fazilet, worth, virtue, zıt anl. = disadvantagerage = şiddetle devam etmek, storm, surgesettle = halletmek, çözmek, karara varmak, conclude, resolveone way or the other = bir şekilde

Soru 50. internalise = içe atmak, kişiselleştirmek, öznelleştirmek, özümsemekdistress = üzüntü, acı, endişe, misery, pain, worry, zıt anl. = alleviation, comfort, reliefexternalise = dışa vurmak, nesnelleştirmeksubstance = 1) madde, material, entity; 2) öz, esas, asıl anlam, essence

Soru 51. unparalleled = eşsiz, emsalsiz, bezeri olmayan, superlative, unmatched, zıt anl. = infe-riorepistle = mektupeclogue = pastoral şiirrhetorical = söz sanatına özgünarrative = anlatım, accountpurgatory = Araf (cennetle cehennem arasındaki yer)moral judgements = ahlaki değerlendirmeler

Soru 52. puzzle = şaşır(t)mak, hayrete düş(ür)mek, confuse, baffledestructive = yıkıcı, zararlı, devastating, detrimental, zıt anl. = constructivepathology = patoloji (hastalıkların nedeni olan yapısal ve fonksiyonel sapmalarıinceleyen bilim dalı)

Soru 53. for and against = lehinde ve aleyhindeput down = 1) yazmak, kaydetmek, enter; 2) (yere, geri veya aşağı) koymak, laydistinguish (between) = (arasında) ayrım yapmak, ayırmak, ayırt etmek, recognize, iden-tify, tell (the difference)conversely = tersine, aksine, contrarilyassess = değerlendirmek, değer biçmek, hesaplamak, evaluate, upraiseon a mass scale = kütlesel boyuttaenable = sağlamak, imkan vermek, mümkün kılmak, yetki vermek, allow, let, empower,zıt anl. = forbid, hinderinformative = bilgilendirici, tanıtıcı, aydınlatıcı

Soru 54. precise = 1) tam, kesin, definite; 2) dikkatli, titiz, rigorous, zıt anl. = indefinite, inaccu-ratenoise pollution = gürültü kirliliğiintensity = yoğunluk, keskinlik, şiddetauditory = işitme ile ilgili, işitselbe confined to = - ile sınırlı olmak, be limited toplant = fabrikaimpact = etki; vuruş, çarpışma, effect, influence; hit, collusionconcentration = yoğunluk; yoğunlaşma, odaklanma, intensification; focusingprolong = uzatmak, sürdürmek, extend, carry on, zıt anl. = shortenprolonged = uzun süreliexposure = maruz bırakma/kalmasingly = tek başına, individually


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in combination with = — ile birlikte, together withsecondary = ikincil, tali, subordinate, subsidiary, zıt anl. = fundamental, essentialinduce = 1) neden olmak, cause; 2) ikna etmek, kandırıp yaptırmak, convince, persuadenoise-induced = gürültü kaynaklıvibration = titreşim

Soru 55. entail = içermek, gerektirmek, involve, requiretransaction = işlem, action, deedbarter = değiş tokuş, takasentirely = tamamen, bütünüyle, completely, zıt anl. = partiallynotion = düşünce, fikir, inanç, idea, thoughtarouse = uyandırmak, activate, stir, wake, zıt anl. = pacifydistinctive = tipik, kendine özgü, kolaylıkla ayırt edilebilen, characteristic, zıt anl. = ordi-narystriking a good bargain = iyi bir ticaret yapmak, iyi kar elde etmekdiscernible = fark edilebilir, görülebilir, perceptible, noticeable, zıt anl. = imperceptible,obscure

Soru 56. hymn = ilahibe bound up with = çok yakın ilişkisi/bağlantısı olmaksecular = dünyevi; laik

57. - 59. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)rank above/below = (birinden) yüksek/aşağı rütbede/düzeyde olmaktrustworthy = güvenilirguide through = kılavuzluk etmek, yol göstermekrapidly = hızla, çabucak, quickly, fast, zıt anl. = slowlyevolve = (uzun bir zaman diliminde) geliş(tir)mek, progress, developrevolutionise = —de devrim yapmak, —i kökten değiştirmeksubstitute = (bir şeyin veya kişinin) yerine geçen, yedek, replacement, reserveprobe = araştırmak, incelemek, investigate, explorecrusade = 1) mücadele etmek, savaşım vermek, kampanya yapmak, struggle, fight,campaign; 2) haçlı sefericraft = zanaat, meslek (daha çok esnaf ve sanatkarlar için)vigorously = kuvvetlice, gayretli bir şekilde, actively, energeticallychallenge = meydan okumak, kafa tutmak, (gücünü, yeteneğini vs.) sınamak, confronta challenge (isim) = başarılması zor işcampaign = mücadele etmek, kampanya yapmak

Soru 57. fulfil = yerine getirmek, yapmak, accomplish, satisfy, meet, zıt anl. = fail to meetvalid = geçerli, sağlam, yasal, credible, solid, legitimate, zıt anl. = invalid, unacceptable

Soru 58. indifferent = aldırmaz, umursamaz, disinterested, zıt anl. = heedfulright/left-wing = sağcı, solcuequate = — ile bir tutmak, — ile eşit görmek, match

Soru 59. firmly = kararlılıkla, ödün vermez biçimde, kuvvetle, sıkıca, sağlam bir biçimde, stronglypresent = sunmak, takdim etmek, ortaya koymak, introduce, demonstrate, manifestunfairly = haksızlıkla, adaletsizce, unjustly, zıt anl.= fairly, justly

60. - 62. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)step out = dışarıya adımını atmakencounter = karşı karşıya gelmek, rastlamak, face, come acrosstemple = tapınakshrine = yatır, türbehint at = akla getirmek, izlenim bırakmak, ima etmek, point to, suggest


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former = önceki, eski, previous, old, zıt anl. = latter, future, nextfittings = tesisat malzemelerikeep abreast of = geri kalmamak, ayak uydurmak; olan bitenden haberdar olmak, keepup withapply = içermek, kapsamak, geçerli olmak, involve, pertainfacility = 1) tesisat; tesis; 2) kolaylık, imkanrenovate = yenilemek, tadilat yapmak, recondition, restorerenovation = yenileme, tadilatsensibility = ayırt etme yetisi, duyarlılık

Soru 60. pull down = yıkmak, demolish, destroy, zıt anl. = erect, set upbe situated = bir yerde bulunmak, be located

Soru 62. heritage = miras, kalıt

63. - 65. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)address = değinmek, — ile uğraşmak, deal withaspect = açı, yön, bakım, görünüş, feature, facet, perspectiveattune to = —e uydurmak, —e alıştırmak, adjust, accord

Soru 63. extensively = yaygın bir şekilde, büyük miktarda, substantially, largely, zıt anl. = partlyacademia = akademisyenler camiasıpublication = yayın, basılı metin

Soru 64. upgrade = geliştirmek, düzeyini yükseltmek, improve, advance, zıt anl. = worsen,weakencontinual = sürekli, devamlı, kesintisiz, constant, perpetualin-service training = hizmet içi eğitimspirit = gayret, heves

Soru 65. invariably = değişmez, şaşmaz bir şekilde, her zaman, always, ever, zıt anl. = nevercontent = hoşnut/tatmin etmek, gratify, satisfy

66. - 68. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)devise = tasarlamak, plan geliştirmek, düzenlemek, formulate, invent, organisetake up = 1) ele almak, başlamak, start; 2) (gaz, sıvı) tutmak, içine almak, absorbillustration = resim, şekilcome about = meydana gelmek, ortaya çıkmak, olmak, take place, arisefinding = bulguput across = etkili bir şekilde anlatmak/açıklamak/söylemek, convey, expresslengthy = uzun, uzun uzadıyaseize on = alıp kullanmaya hevesli olmak, hook ontofurnish = 1) sağlamak, provide, supply; 2) döşemekdraw the line at = sınır koymakpersuasion = ikna etme, inandırma, convincingselective = seçici, özellikle seçilmiş

Soru 66. enthusiasm = şevk, istek, heves

Soru 67. come up with = (karşılık, yanıt, fikir vs.) bulmak, ortaya atmak, önermek, think of, sug-gest

Soru 68. dual = ikili, çifte, çift yönlüby far = (öbürlerinden) kat kat daha …inseparable = (birbirinden) ayrılamaz


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69. - 71. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)sphere = alan; kürelibrarianship = kütüphanecilikadmission = kabul, giriş; itiraf, acceptance, entrance; confessionlay down = koymak, yapmak; sermek, set downassociation = 1) dernek, birlik, kurum, society; 2) ilişki, relationin no small measure = hiç de küçümsenmeyecek bir boyuttamaintain = 1) muhafaza etmek, bakmak, keep, retain; 2) sürdürmek, devam ettirmek,sustainconduct = yürütmek, yönetmek, uygulamak, administer, carry outregister = sicil, kayıt

Soru 69. junior = az, küçük

Soru 70. be at a standstill = durmuş olmakcomprise = kapsamak, içermek, —den oluşmak, oluşturmak, constitute, consist of,make up

Soru 71. replica = kopyacounterpart = karşılık, kopya, akran

72. - 74. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)conflicting = (birbiriyle) çatışan, contradictorycontradiction = çelişki, aykırılık, tutarsızlık, conflict, inconsistency, zıt anl. = agreementtireless = bitmez tükenmez, yorulmak bilmez, energetic, vigorous, zıt anl. = weary, wornoutcuriosity = merakthroughout = boyuncarestless = hiç durmayan; huzursuz, hurried; uneasy, zıt anl. = calm, peacefulexclusively = sadece, yalnızca, solely, entirelyquintessence = mükemmel bir örnektortured = acı dolu, kederli, anguishedreminder = hatırlatma, hatırlatıcı şeyoutput = randıman, çıktı, üretim, verim, product, yield, zıt anl. = inputpeak = doruk noktasıforeshadow = (bir şeyin) habercisi olmak, foretell, anticipate

Soru 72. masterly = ustaca, ustalıklıexecution = uygulama, yerine getirme, yapma, completion, realisationmedieval = ortaçağa ait/özgü

Soru 73. exploration = araştırma, inceleme

Soru 74. isolated = toplumdan uzakembodiment = (bir şeyin) somut hali, kendisi, symbolstifle = boğmak, bastırmak, gelişmesini engellemek, choke, prevent, suppress

75. - 77. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)extension = büyüme, genişleme, uzatma, development, expansion, zıt anl. = curtail-ment, shrinkageacquired = doğuştan olmayan, sonradan elde edilmişvirtue = meziyet, yarar, avantaj; erdem, fazilet, asset, advantage, goodness, zıt anl. =evillead = başrol, önderliklingua franca = değişik ülkelerin kullandığı ortak dilcultivate = geliştirmek, zenginleştirmek, yetiştirmek, (toprağı) işlemek, develop, enrich


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assiduously = dikkatli ve sürekli çalışarak, diligentlylose ground = gerilemek, rağbet görmemek, regress, fall back, zıt anl. = gain groundaccelerate = hızlan(dır)mak, ivme kazandırmak, speed up, zıt anl. = retardrevival = yeniden canlanma, diriliş, uyanışsentiment = duygu, düşünce, emotion, opinioneloquence = etkili ve güzel söz söyleme yeteneği

Soru 75. intrinsic = kendine özgü, kendi tabiatında olan, peculiar, innate, zıt anl. = acquiredto the fore = öne çıkmış

Soru 76. definition = kesinlik, netlik, tam anlamını verebilme özelliğirise to importance = önem kazanmak

78. - 80. sorular (Metinde geçen yabancı kelimeler)sink into poverty = yoksulluğa düşmektake to = alışkanlık edinmek, hoşlanmaya başlamak; (bir yere) gitmekbe given to = (bir şey yapmak) alışkanlığında olmak, huy edinmekdaydreaming = hayal kurma, hayallere dalmameagre = yetersiz, eksik, az, inadequate, poor, zıt anl. = abundant, sufficientpauper-school = yoksullar okuluapprentice = çırak, stajyer; (fiil=) (birinin yanına) çırak olarak vermekforetell = tahmin etmek, önceden söylemek, predict, guess, anticipateilluminate = 1) aydınlatmak, ışıklandırmak, light, brighten; 2) eğitmek, aydınlatmak, edu-cate, enlightencut a pitiable figure = acınacak bir tip çizmek (biçmek)guardianship = vasilik, himayeinfluential = sözü geçen, nüfuzlu, powerfulcouncillor of state = eyalet meclisi üyesimatriculate = (üniversiteye) öğrenci olarak kaydedilmekfairy tale = peri masalıin instalments = bölümler halinde; taksitlecountryman = vatandaş, hemşerilong = hasretini çekmek, çok arzulamak, desireprophesy = kehanette/tahminde bulunmak

Soru 78. hardship = güçlük, sıkıntı, darlık, burden, trouble, zıt anl. = ease, prosperitygifted = yetenekli, talented, zıt anl. = inept

Soru 80. acclaim = bağırarak beğendiğini göstermek, alkışlamak, hail, applaudset foot = adımını atmak


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