Ubuntu for extreme beginners
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Ubuntu for extreme beginners
Matija Obreza, Software Development Service
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Session overview
• Duration: 2h– Presentation– Hands-on training
• What is Ubuntu
• Ubuntu desktop
• Applications
• Installing software
• Software alternatives
• Installation
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Ubuntu
• Is an operating system– What?– DOS: Disk Operating System
• Is a distribution of GNU/Linux– http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/– Distribution?
• Is a variant of Debian distribution– Very powerful package management– But focused on end-users– Linux for masses
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Reasons to use Ubuntu
• Free software, no licensing fees– Free as in freedom, not only free as “free beer”
• Solid alternatives to software you use daily– PDF generation built in– Gimp instead of Adobe Photoshop– OpenOffice.org for MS Office– MonoDevelop instead of MS Visual studio– Eclipse for Java, C, C++ development
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Ubuntu LiveCD
• Allows to try out Ubuntu
• No changes to existing system
• Ubuntu Desktop edition
• Booting Live CD– ISO → Burn to CD → Boot from CD– ISO → Convert to USB → Boot from USB
• Ubuntu Desktop edition running
• LiveCD does not require login– Username ubuntu, no password
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Ubuntu Desktop
• Panels
• Applets– Menu bar– Notifications– Window list– Workspaces– Trash– Session indicator
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Ubuntu desktop basics
• Navigating the desktop– Ubuntu menus– Logout
• File management– Where's my stuff? Places. Home folder.– Nautilus– The rest of the file system
• System– Screen resolution– Network settings with NetworkManager– System configuration and administration
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Give it a try!
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Hands-on training
• Boot into Live CD
• Change desktop background to solid color
• Change screen resolution to 800x600 and back
• Create a text file on Desktop
• Find text file using Nautilus
• Browse http://www.iita.org
• Open a MS Word document
• Generate PDF
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Moving on!
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Users, groups and permissions
• User accounts
• Groups– Easier permissions management
• Root account– Possibly disabled, must use sudo
• “Root access” to the system means entire access to system
• Act as super-user– Prompted for own password– Must be member of group admin
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Installing applications
• Ubuntu Software center
• Software sources– Repositories: main,
universe, restricted, multiverse, backports, PPAs
• Installing from shell– aptitude, apt-get
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The Usual Suspects
• Word processor: OpenOffice.org Writer• Mail client: Evolution• Browser: Firefox• Spreadsheets: OpenOffice.org Calc• Presentations: OpenOffice.org Impress• Bittorrent: Deluge, Transmission• Photo management: F-Spot• Music collection: Rhytmbox
• Live CD has limited number of installed applications
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Hands-on training
• Add account for yourself to the system
• Switch user
• Try installing an application
• Find other user's home directory with Nautilus
• Protect your home directory (Permissions)
• Switch back to ubuntu user
• Grant yourself system admin rights
• Switch to yourself and install something
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Shell basics
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shell
• This is the scary bit
• Can do everything
• Looks like DOS
• “Terminal”
• sudo – do something as super-user
• Most instructions on Internet will involve executing some commands through shell
• Commands: ls, ps, top, cd, pwd, kill, reboot, poweroff, man, cp, mkdir, rmdir
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Hands-on training: Navigation and files
• Start the terminal
• What's the current directory?
• Create a folder “training”
• Navigate to folder
• Create “README” file in “training” folder
• Create “deleteme.txt” file
• Remove deleteme.txt file
• Wipe “training” folder
• Find help for using command rmdir
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Hands-on training: aptitude, apt-get
• Launch aptitude– Install “bsdgames” package– Remove “bsdgames” package
• Install “bsdgames” package using apt-get– Find instructions for apt-get– Install the package with apt-get– Remove package with apt-get
• Updating available software– Update with apt-get
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Hands-on training: Processes
• Using terminal, find running processes with ps command
• Launch gedit from the menu
• Find PID (process ID) of gedit
• Kill gedit process using kill command– Signals: TERM, HUP, KILL, USER1, USER2
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Ready to install?
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Installing Ubuntu
• Ubuntu editions– Netbook: for small screen computers– Desktop: no LVM during installation– Server: no GUI during installation
• Installing from CD/DVD– ISO install images, Live CD – Burn and boot from CD
• Installing from USB– Convert ISO to bootable USB– Boot from USB
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Installation process
• http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu
• Follow instructions
• Installation worries– To dual-boot or not to dual-boot– Partitioning
• Dual boot– Separate Windows and Ubuntu partitions– Boot loader (Grub)