Ubiquitous Computing - cseku.ac.bd
Transcript of Ubiquitous Computing - cseku.ac.bd
Ubiquitous Computing
A Short Introduction
Computer
Technology Trends
Computers: Size + Number
Yesterday’s Computers filled Rooms
So will Tomorrow’s!
What makes this possible ?
Scaling down
IBM WatchPad 1.5
Moore’s Law
• Most semiconductor industry forecasters, including Gordon
Moore, expect Moore's law will end by around 2025.
• In April 2005, Gordon Moore stated in an interview that the
projection cannot be sustained indefinitely: "It can't continue
forever. The nature of exponentials is that you push them out
and eventually disaster happens." He also noted
that transistors eventually would reach the limits of
miniaturization at atomic levels:
Not everything obeys Moore’s Law!
The Ubiquitous
Computing Vision
Weiser’s Vision
Ubiquitous Computing
Ubiquitous Computing
A New Era of Computing
From Mainframe to PC:
“Human Integration”
From PC to Ubicomp:
“Physical Integration”
Physical Integration
Physical Integration
Location-aware Computing
Location-aware Computing
Context-aware Computing
Context-aware Computing
Situated computing
Digital presence
Tangible Interaction
Bishop’s Marble Answering Machine
Wellner’s Digital Desk
Synonyms for Ubiquitous Computing
• Post-PC era
• Pervasive Computing
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Ambient Intelligence
• Disappearing / invisible / calm computing
Some relevant Terms
• Smart Dust
• Things that think
• Smart paper
• Smart wall paper
• Internet of things
Taxonomy of Ubicomp devices
EPCglobal Standard
• It is meant to succeed the barcodes that encode the European Article Number or Universal Product Code on current consumer products.
• The 96 bit Electronic Product Code EPC is usually stored on RFIDs
• It can be read
• from a greater distance (e.g., 10m);
• with better reading accuracy;
• with much less effort (e.g., en-passant by a RFID reader gate as opposed to carefully with line-of-sight connection by a barcode scanner);
• in bulk (RFID readers can read, for example, a hundred tags at once)
OSGi Standard
• Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi) is an industry driven
non-profit consortium
• OSGi standardized a Java virtual machine (JVM) which is
capable of executing programs that are transmitted to it, so-
called bundles
• OSGi standardizes not only the format for bundles, but also
the necessary protocols and procedures for authenticating and
authorizing senders of bundles, for replacing i.e. updating
bundles (remote maintenance), for discovering other bundles,
etc.
• OSGi bundles are particularly useful for controlling the
functionality of networked appliances.
OSGi Standard
• Possible use cases include SetTopBoxes, Vehicles (note that car
electronics today requires much shorter maintenance cycles
than the mechanical parts, especially for software updates!),
consumer electronics, etc.
• As to smart homes, the favored concept is that of a residential
gateway that is connected to the global Internet and receives
updates for smart home appliances via OSGi. The residential
gateway may then forward bundle updates etc. to the relevant
appliances if needed.
Summary
• Technology trend vs. human attention to computing concerns
• Ubicomp: a new paradigm for interaction withcomputers
• Physical Integration: connecting computers to the physical reality in which they are used
• Can we integrate computers in their environment, so they become almost indistinguishable from it ?– “Examples of the Disappearing Computer”
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