7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

1/21

October 29th, 2007

Gregory GertenAnalytical Graphics Inc.

UAV payload trades, analysis and

effects based selection

This Presentation isApproved for Public

Release

UNCLASSIFIED

Derived from:

Internet sources

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

2/21

AGI www.agi.com

Problem

UAV proliferation and sensor payload types are increasing

Size, weight and power (SWAP) are crucial to small UAVs

Interdependencies exist between different sensor systems and

communication and navigation needs

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

3/21

AGI www.agi.com

Agenda

UAV modeling

Flight dynamics

Ground control

Environment/Terrain

Current use / success

Summary

System modeling

Communication

Navigation

Sensors

Effects Based Selection

BAMS

Boarder Patrol

Campaign analysis - MCOs

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

4/21

AGI www.agi.com

Flight Dynamics

6DOF route creation

Platform specific models

Take-off, landing, cruise

Circles, racetracks, figure-8s...

Route optimization

Minimize red/blue threats

Maximize sensor coverage/effects

Optimize profile to maximize time on target

Inter/ra-object geometry calculations Coordinate transformations

Off axis antenna translations / effects

Range, vectors, angles, magnitudes, etc.

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

5/21

AGI www.agi.com

Ground Control

Transmitters (Tx)

Platform Tx and antennas

Controller Tx and antennas

Red/blue Tx (EA) and antennas

Receivers (Rx) Platform Rx and antennas

Controller Rx and antennas

Red/blue Rx (ES) and antennas

Repeater links Network operations

Link Budget analysis

Dynamic networks

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

6/21

AGI www.agi.com

Environmental effects

Accuracy errors due to the environmentTerrain (DTED)

Weather models

IonosphereObscura / Multipath

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

7/21

AGI www.agi.com

Analysis outputs

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

RF Coverage 2D/3D

Tip-offs and visual cues

Link budget reports and graphs

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

8/21

AGI www.agi.com

Communication Systems - Tx

Modeling a transmitter

Frequency, Power, Data Rate, Modulation

Antenna, Polarization, Gains

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

9/21

AGI www.agi.com

Communication Systems - Rx

Modeling a Receiver Frequency

Bandwidth

Antenna

Polarization

Gains

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

10/21

AGI www.agi.com

Communication Environment

Taking environment into account Terrain . Urban, Masking

Rain, Cloud, and Fog

Gaseous Absorption

Tropospheric, Plug-ins

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

11/21

AGI www.agi.com

Navigation

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

UAVs require Navigation Auto-pilot and situational awareness

Precise timing and reference

Sensor and weapon hand-off

UAVs are closer to the threats Less range and body masking

Civilian vs military receivers

Long durations beyond FLOT

Navwar effects everyone Blue EA assets may effect Blue EP

Need to ensure system interoperability

GPS to UAVs as Oxygen to humans

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

12/21

AGI www.agi.com

Sensors

Plethora of sensors to choose Imagery - SAR, FLIR, EO, IR, etc.

Signals Entire bandwidth to consider

Geolocation methods TDoA, FDoA, AoA

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Sensor dependencies Size, weight and power

Communication and navigation demands

Processing (On/Off board) Automation?

Fusion process / capability Fusion with other on-board sensors

Fusion across the battle-space

Boiled down nuggets of value

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

13/21

AGI www.agi.com

BAMS (Maritime Surveillance)

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Multiple object handling

Land, air, sea, and space

Sensors, comms, navigation, radar

Red or blue targets / structures

Queuing and targeting

In-view analysis and reporting

Time on target reporting

Targeting collection analysis

Situational Awareness Data exchange and visualization

Change detection and tip-offs

Quick look analysis and reporting

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

14/21

AGI www.agi.com

Boarder Patrol

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Coverage analysis

Sensors field of view / targeting

Revisit time / duration covered

Multiple coverage / platforms

Assured Communications

Terrain / obscura effects

Jamming / noise effects

Tx / Rx link budget

Multiple UAS Sensor / Target mixes

Airspace deconfliction

Network Centric data exchange

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

15/21

AGI www.agi.com

Campaign analysis - MCOs

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Many-on-Many analysis

Performance attribute control

Engagement level measures

Full force on force outcomes

Collaborative approach

DIS/HLA data exchange

Components to a large system

Ingest and output real-time data

Multiple UAS Sensor / Target mixes

Airspace deconfliction

Network Centric data exchange

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

16/21

AGI www.agi.com

Canadian Forces Aerospace Warfare Center

Outcome:

Problem:

Solution: Model different platform (manned,unmanned & satellites) and sensorcombinations in different missions andanalyze surveillance results.

What platform and sensor types will

best meet system requirements?

System platform and sensor options analysisusing a single low risk COTS product.

Full surveillance system modeling and

analysis using a low risk COTS product.

JUSTAS Program(Joint Unmanned Surveillance Target Acquisition System)

Concepts Analysis

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

17/21

AGI www.agi.com

T&E Planning, Analysis andVisualization

Outcome:

Problem:

Solution: STK based Mission Planning Labre-creates any mission to buildfeasibility studies and costanalysis quickly and accurately

Lengthy feasibility studies andcosts associated with them BEFORE contract award

$1M + contract awarded on

the spot

Turn complex concepts into feasible options &

secure FUNDS in hours instead of months

NASA Wallops Island Flight Facility

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

18/21

AGI www.agi.com

Test and Evaluation Safety

Outcome:

Problem:

Solution: Full 3D Analysis environment.Explore What-ifs? in faster than real-time. React to custom requirementchanges on the fly.

Major UAV ISTAR Program:Operational Analysis and TrialPlanning. Effective de-riskingrequired prior to live trials.

Significant Cost and Time savings in designingT&E plans with the customer.

AGI technology used for operational analysis,

T&E planning, and post-trial analysis.

UK JUEP: Thales Aerospace Division

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

19/21

AGI www.agi.com

Real-time System

Restricted Air Space Analysis

Airfield visualization (DAFIF)

Coverage Analysis

Terrain and imagery

Communications Analysis

Aircraft 3D Models

Tactical Decision Aids

Real-time Trials withSOCOM/AFSOC

Real-time data can be analyzed as it happens

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

20/21

AGI www.agi.com

Summary

Ensure

System level -

Effects based

acquisition

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Requirement validation and analysis

Sensor trades and collection optimization

Perform effects based selection

Program collaboration and risk reduction

Leverage efforts across community

Performance Attributes

You can do it!

7/28/2019 UAV Payload Trades Analysis and Effects Based Selection

21/21

AGI www.agi.com

Hardware in-the-loop Simulation

Transfers the M&S scenario data/inputs into actualhardware to simulate test conditions and collect thisdata to determine system performance in real-time

Perform M&S

Bound theproblem space

Create testscenarios

Transfer testparameters to thehardware

Hardware

Import simulation parameters

Create signals (power,frequency, phasing, etc.)

Combine signals and pass tohardware under test

Send truth data to simulation

Quick look Visualization

Import data feeds

TruthTest Hardware

Calculate RT differences

Visualize entire scenarioincluding environment

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED