UAF Technical Collaboration: A Future for Millstone Hill & Arecibo
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Transcript of UAF Technical Collaboration: A Future for Millstone Hill & Arecibo
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UAF Technical Collaboration:UAF Technical Collaboration:A Future for Millstone Hill & AreciboA Future for Millstone Hill & Arecibo
Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico305 m spherical reflector, 430 MHz, 1963
Millstone Hill, Mass.46, 67 m dishes, 440 MHz,
~1960
The Mid Latitude Big-Dish RadarsThe Mid Latitude Big-Dish Radars
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BMEWS Transmitter (Millstone)BMEWS Transmitter (Millstone)Transmitters
U1 operational, U2 offline temporarily (back in 2009)
Klystrons16 klystrons remain at MillstoneStatus of all klystrons is not known (4 in use)Burn rate lowered to about 1 per year from 2 per year
Modulator deckSome reliability issuesModulator tubes out of production (7 remaining)
Driver AmplifierLegacy driver amplifier - limited performanceAMISR amplifiers being tested (2 working units)Custom 1 kW UHF amplifier REU project (2007)
Control and MonitoringWaveguide switch controller replacedSome monitoring improvements underwayNational Instruments cRIO units / Realtime LabviewNew Timing System implementation in early 2009
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What?What?Millstone Hill & Arecibo Joint ModernizationMillstone Hill & Arecibo Joint Modernization
Modernize Arecibo and Millstone Hill Modernize Arecibo and Millstone Hill transmitter systems to use transmitter systems to use “identical” “identical” hardwarehardware from Tx to antenna interface from Tx to antenna interface
Off-the-shelf transmitter from Off-the-shelf transmitter from commercial commercial vendorvendor
Approx cost: $10MApprox cost: $10M for two upgraded systems for two upgraded systems Vendor located in Boston area – test Tx at Vendor located in Boston area – test Tx at
MHOMHO Use zenith and motion-limited MISA at MHRUse zenith and motion-limited MISA at MHR MIDAS-M (e.g.) for signal processingMIDAS-M (e.g.) for signal processing Use existing site infrastructure and Use existing site infrastructure and
personnelpersonnel Build regional DASI around ISRsBuild regional DASI around ISRs
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CPI Tube and DTI CPI Tube and DTI TransmitterTransmitter
CPI 1MW UHF IOTCPI 1MW UHF IOT Example DTI TransmitterExample DTI Transmitter
CPI High Power Pulsed UHF Inductive Output TubeCPI High Power Pulsed UHF Inductive Output TubeDerived from Digital Television Transmitter TechnologyDerived from Digital Television Transmitter Technology20% of the Size and Weight of a UHF klystron20% of the Size and Weight of a UHF klystron100 kW of Average Power, 1 MW peak, 10% Duty Cycle100 kW of Average Power, 1 MW peak, 10% Duty Cycle1 Tube System with a Typical Replacement Period of order 5 Years 1 Tube System with a Typical Replacement Period of order 5 Years Tube NRE in $700k range with unit costs of order $300k in small quantitiesTube NRE in $700k range with unit costs of order $300k in small quantities
DTI Transmitter with Solid State Modulation for High ReliabilityDTI Transmitter with Solid State Modulation for High ReliabilitySingle tube pulsed IOT transmitter (NRE $1.2M, Hardware $1M)Single tube pulsed IOT transmitter (NRE $1.2M, Hardware $1M)Hardware costs roughly linear with tube count plus combiner networkHardware costs roughly linear with tube count plus combiner network
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Inductive Output Tube PerformanceInductive Output Tube Performance
Highly Efficient Tube (70% of input power out as RF)Highly Efficient Tube (70% of input power out as RF)
Efficient Operation at All Power Levels!Efficient Operation at All Power Levels!
Operate Transmitter With Operate Transmitter With Variable Output PowerVariable Output Power
Vary Output Power Based on Space Weather ConditionsVary Output Power Based on Space Weather Conditions
Always on OperationAlways on Operation - Lower Overall System Operating Cost - Lower Overall System Operating Cost
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Transmitter Transmitter DesignDesign
Cargo Container for Easy TransportCargo Container for Easy Transport
Power, Fiber, WaveguidePower, Fiber, Waveguide
Fully Automated Remote OperationsFully Automated Remote Operations
RF Amplifier SubsystemRF Amplifier Subsystem Cooling SubsystemCooling Subsystem Control and Monitoring SubsystemControl and Monitoring Subsystem
HV Power SubsystemHV Power Subsystem HV and Cooling Power SupplyHV and Cooling Power Supply
Tube AssemblyTube Assembly
Focusing MagnetFocusing MagnetCavity Cavity TuningTuning
ControlControlInterfaceInterface
ControlControlSensorsSensors
CPI CPI 1MW IOT1MW IOT
Solid Solid StateStateDriverDriver
DTI Power DTI Power supply and supply and ModulatorModulator
HV Isolation cage with lockoutHV Isolation cage with lockout
ControlControlInterfaceInterface
HV GroundingHV GroundingAssemblyAssembly
ControlControlSensorsSensors
480 Volt 480 Volt three phasethree phaseregulatorregulator
120 Volt 120 Volt single phasesingle phaseregulatorregulator
ControlControlInterfaceInterface
ControlControlSensorsSensors
Breakers Breakers BoxesBoxesMeteringMetering
ModularModularChillerChillerSystemSystem
CargoCargoContainerContainerAir ConditioningAir Conditioning
ControlControlInterfaceInterface
ControlControlSensorsSensors
WR2100 RF OUTPUTWR2100 RF OUTPUT
Safety SubsystemSafety Subsystem
RF Signal and RF Signal and Power MonitoringPower Monitoring
MIDAS-MIDAS-MobileMobileTX/RXTX/RXControlControl
Fiber Fiber NetworkNetworkInterfaceInterface
FailsafeFailsafeTX SubsystemTX SubsystemControlControl
Fiber Control InterfaceFiber Control Interface
Kirk KeyKirk KeySystemSystem
HV HV InterlocksInterlocks
HV HV InhibitInhibitSystemSystem
RFRFInhibitInhibitSystemSystem
FireFireSupressionSupressionSystemSystem
RF & HVRF & HVWarningWarningLightsLights
EntryEntrySensors &Sensors &CamerasCameras
RF Waveguide TapRF Waveguide TapCargo ContainerCargo Container
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Why?Why?Positive Aspects of Transmitter Positive Aspects of Transmitter
ModernizationModernization Expand the unique capabilities of MH and AO dish Expand the unique capabilities of MH and AO dish
radarsradars Simplify – remove duplication – share maintenanceSimplify – remove duplication – share maintenance Address UAF directive to move toward shared Address UAF directive to move toward shared
technologytechnology 24/7 operations using auto event-detect 24/7 operations using auto event-detect Untended, low-power survey operation – reduced costUntended, low-power survey operation – reduced cost Science: ISR coverage of low and PBL mid latitudesScience: ISR coverage of low and PBL mid latitudes Maintain the low-elevation (large-FOV) capability of Maintain the low-elevation (large-FOV) capability of
MHRMHR Solidify a core of ISR expertise on the East CoastSolidify a core of ISR expertise on the East Coast Get two modern radars for the price of oneGet two modern radars for the price of one
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MIDAS-Mobile Coherent Software Radio SystemMIDAS-Mobile Coherent Software Radio System
MIDAS-MMIDAS-M : Latest Millstone Data System : Latest Millstone Data System Millstone UHF Radar and ISIS ArrayMillstone UHF Radar and ISIS Array Currently entering testing for production level IS radar applicationsCurrently entering testing for production level IS radar applications
Software Radar ArchitectureSoftware Radar Architecture : Raw Voltage Based Processing : Raw Voltage Based Processing Realtime signal processing, analysis, database, and visualizationRealtime signal processing, analysis, database, and visualization Production quality IS radar ion line processingProduction quality IS radar ion line processing Active and Passive Radar, Monostatic/Multistatic, Satellite Beacons, Spectral MonitoringActive and Passive Radar, Monostatic/Multistatic, Satellite Beacons, Spectral Monitoring
Advanced digital receiversAdvanced digital receivers ECDR-GC314FSECDR-GC314FSSix analog inputs (2 cards)Six analog inputs (2 cards)Up to 24 simultaneous RF channelsUp to 24 simultaneous RF channels
Ultra stable GPS locked oscillatorsUltra stable GPS locked oscillators Wide area coherenceWide area coherenceAbsolute alignment of data to UTCAbsolute alignment of data to UTC1 part in 1E11, 20 nsec alignment1 part in 1E11, 20 nsec alignmentLow phase noiseLow phase noise
High integration UHF Radar TunersHigh integration UHF Radar TunersDC to 1500 MHz (with external filters)DC to 1500 MHz (with external filters)30 MHz down-converted bandwidth30 MHz down-converted bandwidth
Fully remote Internet based operationFully remote Internet based operationRealtime web based visualizationRealtime web based visualizationGrid ComputingGrid ComputingRemote power controlRemote power control