U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller...

9
The Digestive System - Part 2

Transcript of U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller...

Page 1: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

The Digestive System - Part 2

Page 2: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

The process of digestion can be broken down into three parts:

Digestion

Physical Digestion

Chemical Digestion

Absorption

Chemical Digestion

Absorption

Page 3: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into bodyAt various points in digestive system, enzymes are secreted

Chemical Digestion

Salivary Amylase

Gland salivary glands

Substratecomplex

carbohydrates

Product simple

carbohydrates

Mouth (pH=7)

Page 4: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

Pepsin

Gland stomach

Substrate long amino acid chains (proteins)

Productshort amino acid

chains (polypeptides)

Chemical Digestion

Stomach (pH=2)

The stomach secretes

mucous, HCl and pepsinogen

The acidic conditions

produced by the HCl convert

pepsinogen into pepsin

Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into bodyAt various points in digestive system, enzymes are secreted

Page 5: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

Pancreatic Amylase Trypsin Lipase Erepsin Maltase

Gland pancreas pancreas pancreas pancreas & duodenum

duodenum

Substrate starch long polypeptides

triglycerides short polypeptides

maltose

Product maltose short polypeptides

glycerol and fatty acids

amino acids glucose

Chemical Digestion

Duodenum (pH=9)

Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into bodyAt various points in digestive system, enzymes are secreted

Page 6: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

It is divided into 3 sections:

Very long tube (5-7m) that is coiled to fit into abdominal cavity

Most nutrients are absorbed into body at small intestine

Absorption

duodenum (25cm)

jejunum (2.5m)

ileum (3.5m)duodenumjejunum

ileum

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Absorption

Surface of absorptive cells are covered with microvilli, which further increase surface area

scanning electron micrographof microvilli

Each villus is richly supplied with capillaries, for absorption of water soluble nutrients and lymph vessels called lacteals, for absorption of fat soluble nutrients

Interior of small intestine is covered with tiny finger-like projections called villi (increase surface area for absorption)

Page 8: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

Absorption

ascending colon

transverse colon

descending colon

appendix

rectum

ileum

Absorption of water, vitamins and minerals occurs in colon (large intestine)It is divided into 3 sections:

Page 9: U4L13 - Digestive System 2 · Chemical digestion converts large nutrient molecules into smaller ones so that they may be absorbed into body At various points in digestive system,

Absorption

ascending colontransverse colondescending colon

Colon contains billions of E. coli bacteria that are essential to absorption of micronutrients

Absorption of water, vitamins and minerals occurs in colon (large intestine)It is divided into 3 sections:


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For some teens PAIN FREE IS POSSIBLE...Oral medications—like pills and tablets—are absorbed into your blood by your digestive system. But in some people, the digestive system slows

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Intro The digestive system prepares food molecules for use in the body. Digestion: the process by which food is changed into a form that can be absorbed.

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