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U1L3 - Scientific Investigations
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Transcript of U1L3 - Scientific Investigations
Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
Indiana Standards
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• NOS 8.1 Make predictions and develop testable questions based on research and prior knowledge.
• NOS 8.2 Plan and carry out investigations as a class, in small groups or independently often over a period of several class lessons.
• NOS 8.3 Collect quantitative data with appropriate tools or technologies and use appropriate units to label numerical data.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
Indiana Standards
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• NOS 8.4 Incorporate variables that can be changed, measured or controlled.
• NOS 8.5 Use the principles of accuracy and precision when making measurement.
• NOS 8.6 Test predictions with multiple trials.
• NOS 8.7 Keep accurate records in a notebook during investigations.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
Indiana Standards
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• NOS 8.8 Analyze data, using appropriate mathematical manipulation as required, and use it to identify patterns and make inferences based on these patterns.
• NOS 8.9 Evaluate possible causes for differing results (valid data).
• NOS 8.10 Compare the results of an experiment with the prediction.
Testing, Testing, 1, 2, 3
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What are some parts that make up scientific investigations?• Scientists investigate the natural world through
experiments and observations.
• An experiment is an organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions.
• Observation is the process of obtaining information by using the senses.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some parts that make up scientific investigations? • Scientific investigations may also involve the use
of models.
• A model is a representation of an object or system.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some parts that make up scientific investigations? • A testable idea or explanation that leads to
scientific investigation is called a hypothesis.
• A scientist may think of a hypothesis after making observations or after reading findings from other scientists’ investigations.
• Hypotheses must be carefully constructed so they can be tested in a practical and meaningful way.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some parts that make up scientific investigations? • If an investigation does not support a hypothesis,
it is still useful.
• The information from the investigation can help scientists form a better hypothesis.
• Scientists may go through many cycles of testing and analysis before they arrive at a hypothesis that is supported.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some parts that make up scientific investigations? • A variable is any factor that can change in a
scientific investigation.
• An independent variable is the factor that is deliberately manipulated.
• A dependent variable changes as a result of manipulation of one or more independent variables.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some parts that make up scientific investigations? • Data are information gathered by observation or
experimentation that can be used in calculating or reasoning.
• This information may be anything that a scientist perceives through the senses or detects using instruments.
• During their investigations, scientists record all their observations, setup, and procedures so that they will not forget anything.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some parts that make up scientific investigations? • Scientists analyze data to determine the
relationship between the independent and dependent variables in an investigation.
• Then they draw conclusions about whether the data support the investigation’s hypothesis.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
Many Methods
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What are some scientific methods?
• Scientists do not always use the same steps or same order of steps in every investigation.
• They may even repeat some steps.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some scientific methods?
• Consider one possible path that a scientist might follow while conducting an experiment.
• First, the scientist clearly and precisely defines the problem or question that needs to be answered.
• Next, the scientist forms a hypothesis and makes predictions about what will happen in the investigation.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some scientific methods?
• To test the hypothesis, the investigation must be carefully planned, taking into account the materials and equipment needed.
• The scientist must also decide how the independent variable will change and identify other variables that will be controlled.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some scientific methods?
• The scientist must also determine how the results of the experiment will be measured.
• The data collected in an investigation must be recorded and properly organized.
• After the data are collected, the scientist may analyze them and draw conclusions about the results.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
Life Lessons
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How are scientific methods used?
• Science is an ongoing process, as scientific investigations provide evidence that can either support or contradict a hypothesis.
• A hypothesis can be replaced by a new or modified hypothesis after further investigation.
• Thus, scientists are always prepared to modify their understandings of the natural world.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
How are scientific methods used?
• Scientific methods are used in physical, life, and earth sciences.
• Scientists carefully choose the setting for an investigation, such as the field or a laboratory.
• Scientists may use models when studying things that are very large, small, or complex.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
High Quality
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What are some characteristics of good scientific investigations?• Good scientific investigations share some
important characteristics.
• Scientific observations should be well documented and have supporting evidence.
• In an experiment, the variables should be controlled as much as possible.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some characteristics of good scientific investigations?• Experiments should be repeated multiple times by
the original investigator.
• All scientific investigations should be replicated by scientists not involved with the original work.
• Before publishing a study, scientific journals ask other scientists to review the article. This is called peer review.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
What are some characteristics of good scientific investigations?
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations
How can you evaluate the quality of scientific information?• The most reliable scientific information is
published in scientific journals, but it is often difficult to understand.
• Reliable books are written by scientists and others who are knowledgeable about a particular field.
• Reliable Internet sources are government and academic web pages. Commercial web pages are often unreliable because they are trying to sell something.
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Unit 1 Lesson 3 Scientific Investigations