U10 Energy

ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 10

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Energy

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RESOURCES



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CONTENTS

Energy

DefinitionCharacteristicsFuture

Types of energy

ChemicalElectricalThermalElectromagneticMechanicalNuclear

Non-renewable energy sources

OilCoalNatural gasUranium

Energy sources

Classification Renewable energy sources

Biomass energyHydroelectric energySolar energyEolic energyGeothermal energyTidal energy



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Resources

Definition of energy

Characteristics of energy

Electrical energy

Electromagnetic energy

Chemical energy

Nuclear energy

Thermal energy

Energy sources

Coal

Oil

Natural gas Hydroelectric energy

Uranium

Solar energy Eolic energy

Biomass energy

Geothermal energy

Tidal energy The future of energy

Mechanical energy

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Energy resources



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Definition of energy

The ability of a

system to do work.

A physical quantity which produces a change or effect.

ENERGY

Unit of measurement:

the joule (J).



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Characteristics of energy

Energy can be transported. Energy can be transformed.

Energy can be transferred. Energy can be preserved. Energy can be degraded.

Energy can be stored.



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A battery stores chemical energy.

Chemical energy

Food is stored chemical energy.

This is stored energy contained in chemical compounds.

Chemical energy is released during chemical reactions.



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Electrical energy

Electric charge travels through wires in a circuit.

This is energy produced by the flow of electric charge.



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HEAT

Thermal energy

energy transfer

movement of atoms and molecules

This is energy whichis released as heat.

Energy transfer. When two objects at different temperaturesare in contact, heat flows from the hotter to the colder object.



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microwaves

Electromagnetic energy

light

This is energy stored in electromagnetic waves or radiation.

television waves

radio waves



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Mechanical energy

SEE ANIMATION

This is the combination of two energies:

• kinetic energy• potential energy



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Mechanical energy

The blocks have potential energy.

The falling block has kinetic energy but is losing its potential energy as it falls.

The blocks have neither potential nor kinetic energy.

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This is the combination of two energies:

• kinetic energy• potential energy

crane



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Sun

Nuclear energy

energy

The nucleus splits into two or more parts.

Nuclear fusion energy

Nuclear fission

The nucleus joins to other nuclei.

Nuclear power stationAtomic explosion

This is energy stored in the nuclei of atoms.



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Energy sources

Renewable and non-renewable energy sources used to produce electricity (2005)

coal

natural gas

oil

8.9 %

19.9 %

28.2 %

16.6 %26.2 %

uranium

Renewable energy sources

49.1 %45.2 %

4 %

hydroelectric energy eolic energy

biomassenergy

1% solar energy



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Uses: electricity, fuel, heat chemicals,

plastics, etc.

crude oil

Oil

refining process

transportpipeline

extraction

A naturally ocurring thick, flammable liquid.

Remains of plants and animals



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Coal

Open pit mines

Underground mines

Uses: electricity, heat, steel

An organic sedimentary rock formed from plant material.

Anthracite coal produces the most heat.



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gas pipeline

Natural gas

transport

liquification

extraction

Uses:electricity, heat, fuel

Regasification facility

A gaseous fossil fuel, consisting mainly of methane.

It is found in oil felds, natural gas fields and coal beds.



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Uranium

cooling tower

transformer

generator

condensersteam generator

reactor core (uranium fuel)

control rods

turbine

A natural occurring element found in rock, soil and water.



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Uses: heat, electricity and gases, such as ethanol

Biomass energy

This is energy obtained when organic matter is burned.

Energy crops

Organic waste

Plant materials



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Hydroelectric energy

transformer

generator

Hydroelectric power station

lock gate

turbine

This is energy produced by the movement of water.

maximum kinetic energyminimum potential energy

Uses: heat, electricity

minimum kinetic energymaximum potential energy



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Solar energy

Lighthouse

This is energy derived from sunlight.

HomesPhotovoltaic solar power facility


hot water out

cold water in

Solar water heater



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Eolic energy

blades

tower

anemometer and wind vane

shaft

generator

Wind turbine

This is kinetic energy produced by the wind.

Wind farm




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Geothermal energy

volcanic areas

hot springs and geysers

Uses: heating systems

This is energy generated by the heat from within the Earth.



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Tidal energy

This is energy generated from ocean movement, mainly from tides.

SEE ANIMATION

High tide

Low tide

Energy is generated by the difference in height between high and low tide.



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turbine

generator

low tideLock gate opens.

Water flows out of the reservoir.

Lock gate closes.

The reservoir is full of water.Water flows into the reservoir.

Lock gate opens.

Tidal energy

This is energy generated from ocean movement, mainly from tides.

TIDAL POWER STATION

High tide

Low tide

Energy is generated by the difference in height between high and low tide.

high tide

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The future of energy

CLICK ON THE MAGNIFIERS FOR WAYS TO SAVE ENERGY.



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Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

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Turn off electrical equipment and appliances.

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Use efficient appliances.

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Wash only full loads.

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Use a pressure cooker and residual heat.

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Use fluorescent lights.

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Recycle paper and glass.

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Seal air leaks.

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Use public transport.

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Links

Kids saving energyhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/kids/

Solar energy for kidshttp://www.solarenergy.org/resources/youngkids.html

Energy kidshttp://www.alliantenergykids.com/stellent2/groups/public/documents/pub/phk_001537.hcsp

Interactive quizzes about energyhttp://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00281/english/stopics/interactive/fossilquiz.htm

How renewable energy workshttp://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/generate_your_own_energy/how_renewable_energy_works

Energyhttp://www.iptv.org/exploremore/energy/profiles/profiles.cfm

Energy storyhttp://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html

Energy: fuelling the futurehttp://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/energy/

Energy resourceshttp://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/

U10 Energy

Technology

Transcript of U10 Energy