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Transcript of u03 Nature-Nurture slides 2011
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Retake:
Get up to an 100%
35 questions
Rm 314, Joo or Castro
Before Tuesday
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Most missed questions
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Nature, Nurture, and
Human Diversity unit 03
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Behavior Genetics and
Evolutionary Psychmodule 6
4
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How genetics work
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Identicaltwins
Fraternaltwins
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Twin studies Adoption studies
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Temperament
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Heritability is the extent to
which variation among
individuals can be attributed to
genetic factors.
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Epigenetics is the is the study of
how the expression of genes
change without corresponding
changes to the genome itself.
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Evolutionary Psychology
14
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P r i n c i p l e s
o f E v o l u
t i o n a r y
P s y c h 1. The brain is a physical system
2. Neural circuits were designed by
natural selection
3. Most processing evolved to be
subconscious
4. Neural circuits are specialized by task
5. Modern skulls house a Stone Age mind
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Why do we like sugar?
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Sugar?
• Our ancestors needed to eat ripe fruit to meet their nutritional
needs.
• When fruit is ripe, it is loaded with sugars.
• If our ancestor had a taste for sugar, he or she would be a little
more likely to eat ripe fruit.
• His or her resulting good health would make him or her stronger
and more attractive to potential mates.
• He or she might leave more offspring who, inheriting this taste
for ripe fruit, would be more likely to survive to reproductive
age.
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Handout
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David Buss reports outcomes for these items in a
comprehensive study of 37 cultures.
For the international samples, both sexes rated mutual
attraction-love, dependable character , emotional stability and
maturity , and pleasing disposition as most important
and chastity , similar religious background , and similar political background as least important.
In terms of sex differences, Buss found good support for
the evolutionary hypothesis that good looks and chastity are rated more important by males and that good
financial prospect and ambitious and industrious are rated
more important by females.
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So, what are the lessons about Lovefrom the perspective of Evolutionary
Psychologists?
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Environmental Influences
on Behaviormodule 7
21
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NO, you cannot!
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Parental influence
Peer influence
Cultural influence
including norms & memes
Collectivist vs Individualistic cultures
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Gender
26
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T h e N
a t u r e o
f G e n d e r
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Think of your parents ...
M o m o r D a d
?
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When you went out, who drove?
Who writes the family “Thank You” cards?
Who is more likely to ask, “Where is my grey sweater?”
When he car needs repairs, who takes it to the garage?
Who does the laundry?Who dusts & vacuums?
When you have guests for dinner, who makes the
drinks? the coffee?Who waters the house plants?
When you go on a trip, who packs the suitcases? Who
loads the car?
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Gender formation
30
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Social
Learning
Theory
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Social
Learning
Theory
Gender-Schema
Theory
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What happens when the physical body does notalign with an individual’s gender identity?