U01 Basis Of Life

ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 1

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The basis of life

CONTENTS

RESOURCES



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CONTENTS

Vital functions

Vital functions

Biomolecules

Biomolecules

Cells

History of cell discoverySize and shapeStructure and compositionTypes of cells

Cellular nutrition

Cellular nutritionAutotrophic nutritionHeterotrophic nutritionPhotosynthesis

Cell division

Cell divisionGenetic materialMitosis

THE BASIS OF LIFE

Cellular respiration




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RESOURCES

Vital functions

Biomolecules History of cell discovery

Types of cellsStructure and composition of cells

Cellular nutrition Autotrophic nutrition

Heterotrophic nutrition

Cell division

Genetic material Mitosis

Size and shape of cells


Photosynthesis

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Introducing cells



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Vital functions

NUTRITION

INTERACTION

REPRODUCTION

VITAL FUNCTIONS

Living beings



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Vital functions

NUTRITION Living beings obtain the matter and energy necessary for life.

Autotrophic organisms

inorganic matter

organic matter

Heterotrophic organisms Living beings

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Living beings

Vital functions

INTERACTIONLiving beings relate with their surrounding environment.

Animals have receptorsand effectors.

Plants do not have receptors, but they can respond to stimuli.

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Vital functions

REPRODUCTIONNew individual living beings are produced.

Asexual reproduction:one parent

Sexual reproduction:male and female parents

Living beings

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water mineral salts

Biomolecules

calcium, iron, magnesium, etc.

Organic molecules



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History of cell discovery

1675

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

microscope

“animacules”

He was the first person to use the word “cell”.

He discovered tiny organisms in a drop of water.

1665

Robert Hooke

microscope

cork under a microscope



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History of cell discovery

1838 Matthias J. Schleiden

andTheodor Schwann

CELL THEORY

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all

living things.

1855

Rudolf Virchow

CELL THEORY

All cells come from pre-existing cells.



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microscope

Size and shape of cells

1 micrometre (μm)

equals

0.001 millimetres (mm)

cell



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Structure and composition of cells

Animal cell

Plant cell

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

45

mitochondrion

1

cell membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

Golgi body

2

vacuoles

3

rough ER

4

chloroplast

5

cell membrane

nucleus

cell wall

cytoplasm

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Types of cells

bacteria

Prokaryotic cells

The genetic material is loose in the cytoplasm.

NEXT



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Types of cells

Eukaryotic cells

The genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus.

Animal cellPlant cell

nucleus



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Cellular nutrition

Amoeba

nutrients

CATABOLISM

ANABOLISM



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Cellular nutrition

CELLULAR METABOLISM

Catabolism

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complex organic

substances

simple substances

energy



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Cellular nutrition

METABOLISM

Anabolism

complex organic

substances

simplesubstances

energy

CELLULAR METABOLISM

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Autotrophic nutrition

1

2

3

4

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sunlight O2

H2O

CO2

mineral salts


simple organic matter

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Inorganic matter is taken in.



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O2


simple organic matter

2

energy

Catabolism

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CO2


3

Carbon dioxide is expelled.

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other functions


complexorganicmatter

energysimple

organic matter

Anabolism

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1

2

3

4

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1

Organic matter is taken in.

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simpleorganicmatter



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2

simpleorganicmatter

Catabolism

O2

H2O

CO2

energy

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3

Carbon dioxide is expelled.

CO2

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4

simpleorganicmatter

Anabolism

energy

complexorganicmatterother functions

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organic matter

oxygen

mineralsalts

water sunlight

carbon dioxide

Photosynthesis

CO2H2O

O2

sunlight carbondioxide

water

mineralsalts

organicmatter

oxygen

CHLOROPLAST



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MITOCHONDRION

carbondioxide water

oxygen organic matter

energy

organic matter oxygen

carbon dioxide water


CO2H2O

O2

energy



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Cell division

parent cellUNICELLULAR ORGANISMS

populationgrowth

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

growth

daughter cells



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Cell division

Binary fission Multiple fission

Budding Sporulation

spores

In fungi, algae, moss and ferns

In some protozoa

In yeast

In bacteria and protozoa



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Karyotype of a human being

46 chromosomes

Eukaryotic cell

Genetic material

nucleus

chromatin

Before cell division chromosomes



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Mitosis

SEE PROCESS



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Mitosis

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Links

Introducing cellshttp://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/SCIENCE/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/intro.htm

Cell Inspector interactive activityhttp://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/cell/cell.html

Cells alivehttp://www.cellsalive.com/cells/3dcell.htm

The virtual cellhttp://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm

The Virtual Cell Textbookhttp://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter2/chapter2.htm

Cell growth and divisionhttp://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/

U01 Basis Of Life

Technology

Transcript of U01 Basis Of Life