U PDATE ON P ECAN I NDUSTRY P REVALENCE S TUDY Michelle Danyluk [email protected] Tuesday March 25...

UPDATE ON PECAN INDUSTRY PREVALENCE STUDY

Michelle [email protected]

Tuesday March 25th, 2014

PECAN SURVEY

Objective. To determine the prevalence and levels of Salmonella on naturally-contaminated in-shell pecans throughout the pecan producing regions of North America over a four year period.

Two “high” years 1,500 Samples per year

Two “ low” years 1,000 Samples per year

Four “varieties” Mexican Improved Western Improved Southeastern Improved Native/Seedling

PECAN SURVEY

Deliverables:1. Frequency of Salmonella on

surveyed pecans2. Serotypes of Salmonella identified

in pecan survey samples. 3. MPN (amount) of Salmonella in

positive pecan survey samples.

2013 PARTICIPANTS

8 Sheller locations located across the US Included small, medium, and large facilities

Each facility was asked to collect samples based on the size of their operation and the proportion of varieties they run Sample sizes ranged from 12 to 313

2013 SAMPLING

Each Sheller received a letter from UF stating:

Thank you for agreeing to participate in the 2010/2011 Pecan Safety Survey. Included in this mailing you will find:

1) Instructions for sampling your pecans 2) Sampling kits to collect your samples (in 16x16 zip top bags)

Each kit contains: a. One pair sterile, disposable gloves b. One large sterile, disposable scoop c. One 12x12 zip top bag with label

3) Five return address labels to FedEx the samples you collect back to me. Your facility will be responsible for collecting ___________ samples, made up of:

_____ Mexican Improved _____ Western Improved _____ Southern Improved _____ Native/Seedling

2013/2014

2013 SAMPLING And giving the following instructions:

1) Get a sample kit (a 16x16 zip top bag) 2) Remove the labeled 12x12 zip top bag 3) Fill in the date, and check the variety (one of Mexican improved, Western Improved, Southern

Improved or Native Seedling) on the label

Date:____________________ ___ Mexican Improved ___ Western Improved ___ Southern Improved ___ Native/Seedling

PS-2010-_____

4) Wash your hands with soap and water, dry with a paper towel 5) Put on the sterile disposable gloves 6) Remove the sterile scoop from its packaging by tearing at the “TEAR HERE” 7) Use scoop to put approximately 1 lb of inshell pecans into labeled 12x12 zip top bag (i.e. always

at a the same point during inshell receipt and grading*) 8) Seal the labeled 12x12 zip top bag 9) Remove gloves, and dispose of gloves and scoop in garbage 10) Store samples at room temperature prior to returning to UF. Samples should not be held longer

than 1 month. *As each sheller handles its inshell differently, please select a standard location in your facility to collect inshell pecan samples and always sample from the same point.

Put Date Here

Check one variety line. i.e. if I am collecting Southern Improved I check the line next to Southern Improved

For Lab Use only PS-2013-

2013 SAMPLING Upon receipt at UF:

Samples are randomly assigned a PS number Information on Sampling Date and Variety is

collected A 100-g subsample, labeled only with the PS

number is weighed out and shipped to Eurofins for initial Salmonella testing

Remaining sample is stored at 40F

No record of sampling location is kept

PECAN SURVEY - FREQUENCY

500 g In Shell Pecans


+/- Salmonella

DFA, AOAC method

PECAN SURVEY - FREQUENCY



+/- Salmonella

DFA, AOAC method


UF, FDA method

MPN “amount” of Salmonella

Salmonella Serotype“Type” of Salmonella

If Positive

If PositiveIf Positive

2013 RESULTS

Variety2010

Results

2011 Results

2012 Results

Samples Requeste

d

Samples Receive

d 03/20/14

Samples Processe

d 03/20/14

Salmonella positive

Mexican Improved

4/187 1/290 2/372

Western Improved

4/302 3/443 2/360

Southern Improved

4/336 1/502 2/199

Native Seedling 1/149 2/251 1/112

Southern/Native - 0/3

TOTAL 13/974

7/1,489 7/943

27/3,396

2013 RESULTS

Variety2010

Results

2011 Results

2012 Results

Samples Requeste

d

Samples Receive

d 03/20/14

Samples Processe

d 03/20/14

Salmonella positive

Mexican Improved

4/187 1/290 2/372 231

Western Improved

4/302 3/443 2/360 396

Southern Improved

4/336 1/502 2/199 440

Native Seedling 1/149 2/251 1/112 210

Southern/Native - 0/3 -

TOTAL 13/974

7/1,489 7/943 1,250

27/3,396

2013 RESULTS

Variety2010

Results

2011 Results

2012 Results

Samples Requeste

d

Samples Receive

d 03/20/14

Samples Processe

d 03/20/14

Salmonella positive

Mexican Improved

4/187 1/290 2/372 231 191

Western Improved

4/302 3/443 2/360 396 275

Southern Improved

4/336 1/502 2/199 440 382

Native Seedling 1/149 2/251 1/112 210 57

Southern/Native - 0/3 - -

TOTAL 13/974

7/1,489 7/943 1,250 905

27/3,396

2013 RESULTS

Variety2010

Results

2011 Results

2012 Results

Samples Requeste

d

Samples Receive

d 03/20/14

Samples Processe

d 03/20/14

Salmonella positive

Mexican Improved

4/187 1/290 2/372 231 191 178

Western Improved

4/302 3/443 2/360 396 275 275

Southern Improved

4/336 1/502 2/199 440 382 309

Native Seedling 1/149 2/251 1/112 210 57 57

Southern/Native - 0/3 - - -

TOTAL 13/974

7/1,489 7/943 1,250 905 819

27/3,396

2013 RESULTS

Variety2010

Results

2011 Results

2012 Results

Samples Requeste

d

Samples Receive

d 03/20/14

Samples Processe

d 03/20/14

Salmonella positive

Mexican Improved

4/187 1/290 2/372 231 191 178 4

Western Improved

4/302 3/443 2/360 396 275 275 2

Southern Improved

4/336 1/502 2/199 440 382 309 3

Native Seedling 1/149 2/251 1/112 210 57 57 2

Southern/Native - 0/3 - - - -

TOTAL 13/974

7/1,489 7/943 1,250 905 819 11

27/3,396

2013 RESULTS

Variety2010

Results

2011 Results

2012 Results

Samples Requeste

d

Samples Receive

d 03/20/14

Samples Processe

d 03/20/14

Salmonella positive

Mexican Improved

4/187 1/290 2/372 231 191 178 4

Western Improved

4/302 3/443 2/360 396 275 275 2

Southern Improved

4/336 1/502 2/199 440 382 309 3

Native Seedling 1/149 2/251 1/112 210 57 57 2


TOTAL 13/974

7/1,489 7/943 1,250 905 819 11

27/3,396

2013 to date prevalence = 11/819 = 1.3%

2013 RESULTS

Variety2010

Results

2011 Results

2012 Results

Samples Requeste

d

Samples Receive

d 03/20/14

Samples Processe

d 03/20/14

Salmonella positive

Mexican Improved

4/187 1/290 2/372 231 191 178 4

Western Improved

4/302 3/433 2/360 396 275 275 2

Southern Improved

4/336 1/502 2/199 440 382 309 3

Native Seedling 1/149 2/251 1/112 210 57 57 2


TOTAL 13/974

7/1,479 7/943 1,250 905 819 11

27/3,396

38/4,2152010 - 2013 to date prevalence = 38/4,215 = 0.9%

HOW DOES IT COMPARE?

Combined prevalence of 0.9% (up from previous – 0.8%)


Combined prevalence of 0.9% Almonds

Survey of Almonds Kernels 100 g – Almonds Sampled at Handler

Year Number Positiveof Total Tested

% Positive

2001 12 of 2,003 0.60

2002 24 of 2,012 1.2

2003 15 of 1,764 0.80

2004 12 of 1,643 0.73

2005 18 of 1,852 0.97

2006 31 of 1,899 1.6

2007 15 of 1,799 0.83

2010 10 of 1,000 1.00

Total 137 of 13,972 0.98Danyluk et al., 2007 JFP; Basnal et al. 2010 JFP; Lambertini et al. 2012 FRI



Survey of Almonds Kernels 100 g – Almonds Sampled at Handler – 1.0% of 13,972 samples

Survey of In Shell Almonds 100 g – Almonds Sampled at Handler

Year Number Positiveof Total Tested

% Positive

2006 2 of 229 0.87

2007 5 of 262 2.2

Total 7 of 491 1.4

Basnal et al. 2010 JFP




Survey of In Shell Almonds 100 g – Almonds Sampled at Handler – 1.4% of 491 samples

Pistachios (In Shell) Survey of Pistachios 4/09 – 8/09 Sample at Silo 50g?

Type # Positives of Total Tested

Prevalence(%)

In shell 133 of 32,494 0.41

Kernel 82 of 3,891 2.11

IEH Laboratories, 2009





Pistachios (In Shell) Survey of Pistachios 4/09 – 8/09 Sample at Silo 50g - 0.4% of

32,949 Survey of Pistachios 2010, 2011, 2012 (ongoing sampling) 100

g

LJ Harris, UCD, Personal Communication

Year # Positives of Total Tested

Prevalence(%)

2010 11/1,152 0.95

2011 6/1,380 0.43

Total 17/2,532 0.7





Pistachios (In Shell) Survey of Pistachios 4/09 – 8/09 Sample at Silo 50g - 0.4% of

32,949 Survey of Pistachios 2010, 2011, 2012 (ongoing sampling) 100

g – 0.7% of 2,532 samples

Walnuts (In Shell) Survey of Walnuts 2010, 2011, 2012 - 375 g

2,000 samples, ca. 0.01-0.02% positive

LJ Harris, UCD, Personal Communication





Pistachios (In Shell) Survey of Pistachios 4/09 – 8/09 Sample at Silo 50g - 0.4% of 32,949 Survey of Pistachios 2010, 2011, 2012 (ongoing sampling) 100 g –

0.7% of 2,532 samples Walnuts (In Shell)

Survey of Walnuts 2010, 2011, 2012 - 375 g – 0.01-0.02% of ca. 2,000 samples

Also tested for E. coli O157:H7 – None found

Peanuts (shelled) Survey of peanut kernels 2008-2009 100g samples at -0.74% of 544

samples collected

APC, 2009

PECAN SURVEY

Deliverables:1. Frequency of Salmonella on

surveyed pecans1. 0.9% of 100g samples positive

2. Serotypes of Salmonella identified in pecan survey samples.

3. MPN (amount) of Salmonella in positive pecan survey samples.

NEXT STEPS

2013 Sampling Finish collecting and processing samples MPN analysis to determine the number of

Salmonella present in 2013 samples Determine Salmonella serotypes isolated in 2013

Finalize 4 year report

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

National Pecan Shellers Association Participating Pecan Shellers USDA CSREES NIFSI 2009-01951

Eurofins testing laboratory in Jacksonville, FLMichelle LovettDean WillisGenna Chadderdon

Danyluk LabPardeepinder BrarLisseth ProanoLoretta FriedrichGwen LundyLuis Martinez

QUESTIONS?

U PDATE ON P ECAN I NDUSTRY P REVALENCE S TUDY Michelle Danyluk [email protected] Tuesday March 25...

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