• Four driving forces for chemical reactions. – Formation of a solid – Formation of water – Transfer of electrons – Formation of a gas

Main Types of Reactions• Oxidation/Reduction:

–Synthesis –Decomposition–Single Replacement–Combustion

• Double Replacement:–Precipitation–Acid-Base

Oxidation- Reduction

• The transfer of electrons• To be discussed later…

Synthesis

• Two or more substances combine to form one product

A + X AX

Synthesis Reaction

Examples of Synthesis Reactions

Decomposition

• One reactant decomposes into two or more products.

AX A + X

Decomposition Reaction

Examples of Decomposition Reactions

Single Replacement

A + BX AX + BY + AX X + AY

Single Replacement Reaction

Examples of Single Replacement Reactions

Replacement of

• A metal by a more active metal• Hydrogen in water by a metal• Hydrogen in acid by a metal• Halogens by a more active halogen

Double Replacement

AX + BY AY + BX

The ions of two compounds in water solution exchange ions creating a solid, liquid or a gas.

Double Replacement Reactions

Examples of Double replacement Reactions

Combustion

• A substance reacts with oxygen releasing heat and light.– A + O2 → Various products

– Commonly: CXHY + O2 → CO2 + H2O• Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen

(cumbustion/decomposition)