Types of precipitation List 9 forms of precipitation:
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Transcript of Types of precipitation List 9 forms of precipitation:
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Types of precipitation
• List 9 forms of precipitation:
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Essential Question: How do different types of precipitation form?
• Types of Precipitation:Rain, drizzle, mistSnowSleetFreezing rain or glazeHailRime, graupel
• Temperature Profiles
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The type of Precipitation depends on the Temperature Profile of the
atmosphere.
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Temp. Profile for __________
-20°C 0°C +20°C
Below freezing Above freezing
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SnowCrystals
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Formation of Sleet
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Rain freezes too close to the ground to have enough time to turn to snow.
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Glaze
Falls as __________On the ground as __________________
Sleet
Falls as __________On the ground as _________________
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RimeStarts as _________
On surfaces as ____________
FrostStarts as _________
On surfaces as ____________
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What if the rain never reaches the ground?Virga: rain evaporates before it hits the ground in desert regions “rain curtain”
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Formation of Hail
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HailstoneCross section
HailDamage
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Text book page 496
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Precipitation Measurement
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Rain gaugewith
metal slatsto
minimize“under-catch”
inwindy
conditions
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TRUE / FALSE
Snowflakes are 6-sided crystals
There is such a thing as ‘heart-attack’ snow
It cannot snow if it’s too cold.
Skiers love ‘powder’ snow
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Snow Fall Measuring
• Using a measuring stick in several locations.
• “1 inch of rain equals 10 inches of snow”
• But, the quantity of water
in snow varies…• It depends on the
temperature profile.
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• WET SNOW - Wet snow is snow that has a high liquid content as it reaches the surface.
• It needs to be at least 50% made of ice or it will have more characteristics of being a raindrop instead of a snowflake.
• It gets this liquid content by partially melting before it hits the ground.
• The wetness of the snowflakes makes it easier for snowflakes to stick together as they fall, thus a wet snow will often have large snowflakes and a lower number of snowflakes
• The ratio for wet snow will be less than 10:1. For example, it takes 10 inches of snow to produce 1 inch of liquid equivalent.
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• DRY SNOW- A dry snow has little to no liquid water content thus this snow will be less dense than average, there will be a lot of air pockets between the snow crystals.
• Dry snow is not sticky (it’s powdery) and thus it is difficult to make snowballs with it and the wind blows it around even after reaching the surface.
• The ratio for dry snow will be greater than 10:1. In extreme cases it can be 30:1 or greater.
• Dry snow occurs when the temperatures throughout the troposphere are well below freezing and the surface temperature is below freezing.
• Since dry snowflakes are less sticky they are less inclined to stick together as they fall, thus a dry snow will often be composed of a large number of small snowflakes.
http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints/346/
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Measuring Snow Equivalent
1. Fill a 100 ml graduated cylinder with “snow” _______inches2. Record the outdoor temperature ________ °C3. Find the outdoor humidity for that day ______ %4. Allow all the water melt. Record the volume. ______
inches5. Calculate the snow: water ratio ________ :_______
reduce to ______: 1
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warm COLD!
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Doppler Radar Display
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Weather Modification
Cloud SeedingFog Dispersal
Hail SuppressionFrost Prevention
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CloudSeeding
CloudDispersal
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Hail Suppression
Hail Cannon
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Frost Suppression
Sprinklers
WindMachines
OrchardHeaters
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Role of Clouds in the Climate System