Types of Maps
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Transcript of Types of Maps
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Types of MapsMercator ProjectionsConic ProjectionsGnomonic ProjectionsTopographic Maps
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Mercator ProjectionsMercator Projection
Is a map that has parallel lines of longitude and latitudeFlaws
Land Near Poles is exaggerated Shapes are correct, but land area is distorted
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Conic ProjectionsConic Projection
Is made by projecting points and lines from globe onto a cone.Very Little Distortion, High Degree of accuracyBest for Mapping Small AreasUsed to make road and weather maps
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Gnomonic Projections
Gnomonic Projectionsis made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a piece of paper that touches the globe at a single pointDistort Directions and DistanceUsed For Plotting great Circle Routes (Airplanes)
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Topographic MapsTopographic Maps
Detailed maps that show the hills and valleys of an areaUse Lines, Symbols, and Colors to represent change in elevation
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Map FeaturesMap LegendsMap Scales
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Map LegendsInclude symbols for both man made and natural featuresSpecific Colors for Habitats
Green for WoodsBlue for Water
See Appendix D on p. 914
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Map ScalesRatio of distance on a map to actual distances on the map3 Types
Verbal: “one inch equals one mile”Graphic: consists of a line that represents a certain distance on EarthFractional: one unit on map represents one unit on Earth
Large Ratio: map covering large area (minor detail) Small Ratio: map covering little are (major detail)
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IsolinesAn isoline is a line connecting points of equal value.
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Examples of isolines:Isotherms:
points of equal temperature
Isobar:
points of equal barometric (air) pressure
Contour:
points of equal altitude
Concentration of chemicals
Anything else you can get a value for.
(The weather channel loves isolines!)
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Rules for Drawing Isolines:
1. Isolines connect points of equal value.
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2. Isolines are gentle, curving lines- no sharp corners.
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3. Isolines are always closed curves even though the map might only show part of it.
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4. Isolines NEVER cross- this would mean that one point has two different values. Ex: one spot has two temperatures?
20°
30 °
40 ° 50 ° 60 °
X
YZ
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5. Isolines usually are parallel. (They have a parallel trend.)
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Visualizations of contour lineshttp://geology.asu.edu/~sreynolds/topo_gallery/topo_gallery.htm
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GradientGradient shows how quickly the value changes from one point to another.
Gradientvalue
dis c e
tan
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A steep (high) gradient changes quickly and the isolines are close together.A gentle (low) gradient changes slowly and the lines are far apart.
Steep area
Gentle area
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Making Contours worksheetsWorksheets can be printed from:http://www.rcmurphy.net/Medina%202005/documents/Contours123.doc
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Highlight data points.
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Fill in gaps in data.
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Connect the dots.
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Go on to the next value.
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Making a Contour Map II
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Drawing Contour Maps III
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