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TYPES

OF

METALS

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Types Of Metals

Ferrous Metals

- Ferrous metals are those metals which containiron. They may have small amounts of othermetals or other elements added, to give therequired properties. All ferrous metals aremagnetic and give little resistance to corrosion.

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METALS

Ferrous MetalsMild Steel

-It is the most commonly used ferrous metal. Itsmajor properties are Toughness, high tensilestrength and ductility.-The metal is low on carbon content it can not behardened and tempered.-It must be case hardened. It is normally used in

manufacturing of girders, plates, nuts and boltsand other general purposes.

Types Of Metals

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METALS

Types Of MetalsFerrous Metals

Cast Iron-Cast iron is another example of commonly usedferrous metal.-It is hard, brittle, strong, cheap, and self-lubricating ferrous metal.-It is normally used in the manufacturing ofheavy crushing machinery. car cylinder blocks,

vices, machine tool parts, brake drums, machinehandle and gear wheels, plumbing fitments etc.-Its an important ferrous metal in automotivepressing.

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Types Of MetalsFerrous Metals

High Tensile Steel

-It is very strong and very tough ferrous metaland is exclusively used for manufacturing ofGears, shafts, engine parts etc.-This is one of the most frequently used ferrousmetals in industries because of its strength,

hardness and toughness.

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Types Of MetalsFerrous Metals

Stainless Steel

-Its another very important ferrous metal. Itcomprises of 18% chromium, and 8% nickel.-Its special characteristic is its strong resistanceto corrosion.-Its common uses are Kitchen draining boards,

Pipes, cutlery and aircraft.

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Types Of MetalsFerrous Metals

Medium Carbon Steel

-As the name suggests, this ferrous metalcontains less Carbon contents, 0.30% to 0.70%.-It is stronger and harder than mild steels, lessductile, tough and malleable.-It is used in making metal ropes, wire, garden

tools, springs etc.

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Types Of MetalsFerrous Metals

High Speed Steel

-High speed steel is also a ferrous metal. Itcontains medium carbon, tungsten, chromiumand vanadium.-It can be hardened, tempered and can be brittle.Its special characteristic is that it retains

hardness at high temperatures.

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Types Of MetalsFerrous Metals

High Carbon Steel

-a ferrous metal which contains of 0.70% to1.40% carbon.-The major characteristic is its hardness.-It is the hardest of the carbon steels, but is lessductile, tough and malleable.

-It is used in making Chisels, hammers, drills,files, lathe tools, taps and dies.

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Types Of MetalsNon-Ferrous Metals

-are those metals which does not contain iron .-They are not magnetic and are usually moreresistant to corrosion than ferrous metals.-Most commonly used non ferrous metals areAluminum, Copper, Brass, Lead, Tin, GildingMetal and Zinc.

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Types Of MetalsNon-Ferrous Metals

Aluminum-is a widely used non ferrous metal. It is Grayish-

White in color, soft and malleable.-This non ferrous metal is conductive to heat andelectricity. It is corrosion resistant.-It can be welded but this is difficult.-Special processes need to be adopted in order

to weld it properly.-Due to its light weight, it is used in themanufacturing of aircrafts and boats.-Its other uses are window frames, saucepans,packaging and insulation, pistons and cranks.

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Types Of MetalsNon-Ferrous Metals

Copper-is another very important pure non ferrous

metal. Its red in colour, tough and ductile.-It is very good electrical conductor and offersgreat resistance to corrosion.-Copper can work hard or cold but it needsfrequent annealing.

-Copper is mostly used in the manufacturing ofelectric wires, cables and conductors.-Its other uses are water and central heatingpipes and cylinders, Printed circuit boards andmanufacturing of special roofs.

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Types Of MetalsNon-Ferrous Metals

Brass-Another important non ferrous metal is Brass

which is not a pure metal but combination ofCopper and Zinc.-It contains 65% copper and 35% Zinc. This nonferrous metal is very corrosive, yellow in colour,tarnishes very easily.

-It is harder than copper and its good electricalconductor.

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Types Of MetalsNon-Ferrous Metals

Lead-is a pure and an important non ferrous metal. It

is the heaviest common metal.-The other characteristics are its softness,malleability and brightness.-It is shiny metal when new but quickly oxidizesto a dull grey. It has resistant to corrosion.

-Its uses are different than other non ferrousmetals.-It is used in protection against X-Ray machine,Paints, roof coverings, flashings etc.

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METALS

Types Of MetalsNon-Ferrous Metals

Tin

-is a pure non ferrous metal.-It is white in color, soft and corrosion resistant.- It is used in Tinplate and making bronze.

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Other Types Of MetalsBase Metals

-The metal that is to be worked.

-The principal metal of an alloy.

-Any metal that will oxidize when heated in air.The metal of parts to be welded.

-Metal to which cladding or plating is applied.Also known as basis metal.

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Other Types Of MetalsNoble Metals

- refers to those metals that are highly resistantto chemical reaction or corrosion, meaning thatthey will not easily dissolve in a solvent or rust.