Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be...

17
**** Please note NEW acetaminophen oral suspension dosing below, this will replace the OLD infant concentrated drops. There may be a time when both preparations will be sold or you still have them in your cabinet. It is OK to use either preparation, just verify which preparation you have and be sure to administer the correct dose according to the chart below.**** July 2011 Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant Oral Suspension (160mg/teaspoon) “NEW” CONCENTRATION Drops (80mg/0.8ml) “OLD” CONCENTRATION 611 ¼ tsp or 1.25ml 0.4ml 1217 ½ tsp or 2.5ml 0.8ml 1823 1 ½ tablets ¾ tsp or 3.75ml 1.2ml 2435 2 1 tsp or 5ml 1.6ml 3647 3 1 ½ or 7.5 ml 4859 4 2 tsp or 10 ml 6071 5 2 ½ tsp or 12.5ml 7295 6 3 tsp or 15 ml Ibuprofen (Advil/Motrin) Dosage Table Ibuprofen may be given every 6 hours. We do not recommend alternating Tylenol and Ibuprofen drops because of potential confusion in dosing. We do not recommend Ibuprofen for children under 6 months of age. Weight Chewable Tablets (50mg/tablet) Infant’s Oral Suspension (50mg/1.25ml) Childrens Suspension (100mg/5ml) 1217 1.25 ml ½ tsp or 2.5ml 1823 1.875 ml 3/4 tsp or 3.75ml 2435 2 1 tsp or 5 ml 3647 3 1 ½ tsp or 7.5ml 4859 4 2 tsp or 10ml 6071 5 2 ½ tsp or 12.5ml 7295 6 3 tsp or 15 ml Over 96 8 4 tsp or 20 ml

Transcript of Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be...

Page 1: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

Please note NEW acetaminophen oral suspension dosing below this will replace the OLD infant concentrated drops There may be a time when both preparations will be sold or you still have them in your cabinet It is OK to use either preparation just verify which preparation you have and be sure to administer the correct dose according to the chart below July 2011

Tylenol Dosage Table

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours

Weight (pounds)

Chewable Tablets (80mgtablet)

ChildrenrsquosInfant Oral Suspension

(160mgteaspoon) ldquoNEWrdquo CONCENTRATION

Drops (80mg08ml) ldquoOLDrdquo CONCENTRATION

6‐11 frac14 tsp or 125ml 04ml

12‐17 frac12 tsp or 25ml 08ml

18‐23 1 frac12 tablets frac34 tsp or 375ml 12ml

24‐35 2 1 tsp or 5ml 16ml

36‐47 3 1 frac12 or 75 ml

48‐59 4 2 tsp or 10 ml

60‐71 5 2 frac12 tsp or 125ml

72‐95 6 3 tsp or 15 ml

Ibuprofen (AdvilMotrin) Dosage Table

Ibuprofen may be given every 6 hours

We do not recommend alternating Tylenol and Ibuprofen drops because of potential confusion in dosing

We do not recommend Ibuprofen for children under 6 months of age

Weight Chewable Tablets(50mgtablet)

Infantrsquos Oral Suspension

(50mg125ml)

Childrens Suspension (100mg5ml)

12‐17 125 ml frac12 tsp or 25ml

18‐23 1875 ml 34 tsp or 375ml

24‐35 2 ‐ 1 tsp or 5 ml

36‐47 3 ‐ 1 frac12 tsp or 75ml

48‐59 4 ‐ 2 tsp or 10ml

60‐71 5 ‐ 2 frac12 tsp or 125ml

72‐95 6 ‐ 3 tsp or 15 ml

Over 96 8 ‐ 4 tsp or 20 ml

Did you know that injuries are the leading cause of death of children younger than 4 years in the UnitedStates Most of these injuries can be prevented

Often injuries happen because parents are not aware of what their children can do Children learn fast and before you know it your child will be jumping running riding a tricycle and using tools Your child is at special risk for injuries from falls drowning poisons burns and car crashes Your child doesnrsquot understand dangers or remember ldquonordquo while playing and exploring

FallsBecause your childrsquos abilities are so great now he or she will find an endless variety of dangerous situations at home and in the neighborhood

Your child can fall off play equipment out of windows down stairs off a bike or tricycle and off anything that can be climbed on Be sure the surface under play equipment is soft enough to absorb a fall Use safety-tested mats or loose-fill materials (shredded rubber sand wood chips or bark) maintained to a depth of at least 9 inches underneath play equipment Install the protective surface at least 6 feet (more for swings and slides) in all directions from the equipment

Lock the doors to any dangerous areas Use gates on stairways and install operable window guards above the first floor Fence in the play yard If your child has a serious fall or does not act normally after a fall call your doctor

Firearm HazardsChildren in homes where guns are present are in more danger of being shot by themselves their friends or family members than of being injured by an intruder It is best to keep all guns out of the home If you choose to keep a gun keep it unloaded and in a locked place with the ammunition locked separately Handguns are especially dangerous Ask if the homes where your child visits or is cared for have guns and how they are stored

BurnsThe kitchen can be a dangerous place for your child especially when you are cooking If your child is underfoot hot liquids grease and hot foods can spill on him or her and cause serious burns Find something safe for your child to do while you are cooking

Remember that kitchen appliances and other hot surfaces such as irons ovens wallheaters and outdoor grills can burn your child long after you have finished using them

2to

4Ye

ars

2 TO 4 YEARSSafety for Your Child

(over)

If your child does get burned immediately put cold water on the burned area Keep the burned area in coldwater for a few minutes to cool it off Then cover the burn loosely with a dry bandage or clean cloth Callyour doctor for all burns To protect your child from tap water scalds the hottest temperature at the faucetshould be no more than 120˚F In many cases you can adjust your water heater

Make sure you have a working smoke alarm on every level of your home especially in furnace and sleeping areasTest the alarms every month It is best to use smoke alarms that use long-life batteries but if you do not change the batteries at least once a year

PoisoningsYour child will be able to open any drawer and climb anywhere curiosity leads Your child may swallow anythinghe or she finds Use only household products and medicines that are absolutely necessary and keep them safely capped and out of sight and reach Keep all products in their original containers

If your child does put something poisonous in his or her mouth call the Poison Help Lineimmediately Attach the Poison Help Line number (1-800-222-1222) to your phone Do not make your child vomit

And Remember Car SafetyCar crashes are the greatest danger to your childrsquos life and health The crushing forces to your childrsquos brain and body in a collision or sudden stop even at low speeds can cause injuries or death To prevent these injuries correctly USE a car safety seat EVERY TIME your child is in the car If your child weighs more than the highest weight allowed by the seat or if his or her ears come to the top of the car safety seat use a belt-positioning booster seat

The safest place for all children to ride is in the back seat In an emergency if a child must ride in the front seat move the vehicle seat back as far as it can go away from the air bag

Do not allow your child to play or ride a tricycle in the street Your child should play in a fenced yard or playground Driveways are also dangerous Walk behind your car before you back out of your driveway to be sure your child is not behind your car You may not see your child through the rearview mirror

Remember the biggest threat to your childrsquos life and health is an injury

HE0021-D3-42rev0805TIPPregmdashThe Injury Prevention Program copy 1994 American Academy of Pediatrics

The information in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care andadvice of your pediatrician There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on the individual facts and circumstances

From Your Doctor

5Like

Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Ages amp Stages

What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas

Here are some milestones to look for

Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility

Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters

Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories

Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

1 of 2 4192012 247 PM

topic landing page

Engages in fantasy play

Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality

Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange

Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately

Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

2 of 2 4192012 247 PM

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people

Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need

to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon

or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the

center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will

want to eat what you eat

How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out

fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry

Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins

Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help

Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten

Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy

This is my goal

1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced

peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater

34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter

water

3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)

13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk

4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk

Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Snack

Snack

Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old

Sample Menus for Your Child

HealthWashington State Department of

DOH Pub 961-188 92005

Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)

Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces

Always wash handsbefore and after eating

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need

When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it

Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve

Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day

Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day

Children eat more on some daysthan others

What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days

Feeding your3 to 5 yearold

C

Food Guide Pyramid

Breads Grainsand Cereals

6 to 11 servings

Protein Foods2 to 3 servings

Fats Oils and Sweets

Fruits 2 to 4 servings

Vegetables 3 to 5 servings

Milk Products4 to 6 servings

One Serving Is About

2 to 4servingseach day

3 to 5servingseach day

6 to 11servingseach day

4 to 6servingseach day

2 to 3servingseach day

Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day

VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash

FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices

Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk

Protein FoodsAnimal Protein

Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1

Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron

Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while

Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more

AC

TIV

ITIE

S F

OR

CH

ILD

RE

N 3

6 -

48

MO

NT

HS

OL

D

Mak

e a

book

ab

out m

e fo

r yo

ur c

hild

S

ave

fam

ily p

ictu

res

loav

es

mag

ashyzi

ne p

ictu

res

of a

favo

rite

food

an

d dr

awin

gs y

our

child

mak

es P

ut th

em

a ph

oto

albu

m o

r gl

ue o

ole

shee

ts

of p

aper

and

sta

ple

toge

ther

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ake

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ok

I~Vhil

e c~oki

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eat

ing

dinn

er

play

th

e m

ore

or le

ss

gam

e w

ith y

our

ohild

A

sk w

ho h

as

mor

e p

olal

oeo

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d w

ho h

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ss T

ry t

his

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meshy

size

gla

sses

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ups

fill

ed w

ith ju

ice

or m

ilk

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n yo

ur c

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cttin

g dr

essc

d

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urag

e he

r to

pra

ctic

e w

ith b

utto

ns

and

zipp

ers

Pla

ya g

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Pee

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to s

how

her

how

but

tons

go

th

roug

h th

e ho

les

Pre

tend

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zipp

er

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ain

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g u

p an

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the

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Fin

d la

rge

piec

es c

t oa

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cr c

ardshy

boar

d fo

r yo

ur c

hild

to d

raw

on

Usi

ng

cray

ons

pen

Cils

or

mar

kers

pl

ay

draw

ing

gam

e w

here

yQ

U lc

llow

his

le

ad b

y co

pyin

g ex

actly

wha

t he

draw

s N

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urag

e hi

m to

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y

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dra

win

gs

such

as

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les

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st

raig

ht li

nes

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Mak

e a

bird

feed

er u

sing

pea

nut b

utte

r an

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rd s

eed

Hel

p yo

ur c

hild

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d a

pine

con

e or

pi

ece

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d to

sp

read

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nut b

utte

r on

Rol

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or

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kle

with

see

ds a

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ang

in a

or

out

side

a w

indo

w W

hile

you

r chi

id

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ches

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er a

bout

the

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ber

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d co

lor

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e di

ffert

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at v

isit

Cut

out

som

e la

rge

pape

r circ

les

and

show

the

m to

you

r ch

ild T

alk

with

you

r ch

ild a

bout

thin

gs in

her

wor

ld t

hat

are

I ro

und

(a

ball

the

moo

n) C

ut th

e ci

rshyel

e in

hal

f an

d as

k he

r if

she

can

mak

e it

roun

d ag

ain

Nex

t cu

t the

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le in

to t

hree

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and

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orth

I Pra

ctic

e fo

llcw

ing

dire

ctiQ

ns P

laya

si

lly g

ame

whe

re y

ou a

sk y

our c

hild

to

do tw

o or

thre

e fu

n or

unu

suel

thi

ngs

in a

ruw

FQ

r ex

ampl

e a

sk h

im to

T

Quc

h yQ

ur e

lbow

and

then

run

in a

C

ircle

or

F

ind

a bo

ok a

nd o

ut it

on

your

hea

d

Whe

n rE

adin

g or

teili

ng a

fam

iliar

sto

ry

for

bedt

ime

sto

p an

d le

ave

out a

I w

ord

~Jait fo

r yo

ur c

hild

to

fill i

n th

e I b

lank

Gro

w a

pla

nt C

hoos

e se

eds

that

sp

rQut

qui

ckly

(be

ans

or p

eas)

an

d to

geth

er w

ith y

our c

hild

pla

ce Ih

e se

eds

in a

pap

er c

up

fillin

g al

mQ

st to

to

p w

ith d

irt

la

ce th

e se

eds

I in

ch u

nder

tile

SQ

il Pu

t the

cup

in

a su

nny

win

dow

sill

and

enco

urag

e yo

ur

cril

d to

wat

er

wat

ch th

e pi

ant

grow

Dur

ing

bath

tim

e p

lay

Sim

on S

ays

to

teac

h yo

ur c

hild

nam

es o

f bod

y pa

rts

Firs

t yo

u ca

n S

imon

an

d he

lp

yQur

chi

ld w

ash

the

part

of h

is b

ody

that

S

imon

say

s

Let y

our

child

hav

e tu

rn

ile S

imon

to

c B

e su

re to

na

me

each

bod

y pa

rt a

s it

is w

ashe

d an

d gi

ve y

our

child

a c

hanc

e to

was

h hi

mse

lf

Enc

oura

ge y

cur

child

s

shar

ing

skill

s

by m

akin

g a

play

CQ

rner

in y

our

hom

e

Incl

ude

only

rNC

chi

ldre

n to

sta

rt (

a br

Qth

er

sist

er

or fr

iend

) an

d ha

ve a

fe

w o

f the

sam

e ty

pe o

f toy

s av

aila

ble

the

child

ren

don

t ha

ve t

e sh

are

the

time

Pup

pets

or

bloc

ks a

re g

ood

beca

use

they

enc

oura

ge p

layi

ng

toge

ther

If

need

ed

use

an e

gg o

r ov

en t

imer

with

a b

ell t

o al

low

the

chilshy

dren

equ

al ti

me

with

to

ys

Mak

e ne

ckla

ce y

ou c

un e

at b

y st

ringi

ng C

heer

ios

or

Fro

ot L

oops

on

a pi

ece

of y

arn

or s

tring

Wra

p sh

ort

pec

e of

tape

aro

und

Ihe

end

of th

e st

ring

to m

ake

a fir

m t

ip lo

r st

ringi

ng

Bef

ore

bedt

ime

look

at a

mag

azin

e o

r ch

ildre

ns

book

toge

ther

Ask

you

r ch

ild t

o po

int t

o pi

ctur

es a

s yo

a na

me

them

su

ch a

s W

here

is th

e tru

ck

Bo

sill

y an

d as

k hi

m to

hi

s el

bow

or

foot

Ask

him

sh

ow y

ou

som

ethi

ng th

at is

rou

nd o

r so

met

hing

th

nt g

oes

fast

Talk

abo

ut th

e nu

mbe

r 3

Rea

d st

orie

s th

at h

ave

3 in

them

(Th

e Th

ree

Bill

y G

oats

Gru

ff T

hree

Litt

le P

igs

7he

Th

ree

Bea

rs)

Enc

oura

ge y

our c

hild

to

coun

t to

3 us

ing

sim

ilar o

bjec

ts (

rock

s

card

s b

lock

s) T

alk

abou

t be

ing

3 ye

ars

old

Afte

r you

r chi

ld g

ets

the

idea

m

ove

up to

the

nwnb

ers

4 5

an

d so

fort

h as

long

as

your

chi

ld is

in

tere

sted

List

en fo

r so

unds

Fin

d a

cozy

SPQ

t an

d si

t with

you

r ch

ild L

iste

n an

d id

entif

y th

e so

unds

ha

t ycu

hea

r A

sk y

our c

hild

if I

t is

a lo

ud Q

r sof

t so

und

Try

this

act

ivity

insi

de a

nd o

ut-

your

hom

e

List

en a

lld d

ance

to m

usic

will

l you

r ch

ild Y

ou c

an s

top

the

mus

ic fo

r a

mom

ent a

nd p

lay

the

~re

eze

gam

e w

here

eve

ryon

e f

reez

es

or s

tand

s pe

rfect

ly s

till

until

you

sta

rt th

e m

usic

n

ain

Try

to

fre

eze

in u

nusu

al p

osishy

tions

for

fun

Pla

ya m

atch

ing

gam

e F

ind

two

sets

of

10

or m

ore

pict

ures

You

can

use

pi

ctur

es fr

om t

wo

copi

es Q

f sa

me

I mag

azin

e or

a d

eck

of p

layi

ng c

ards

La

y th

e pi

ctur

es f

ace

up a

nd a

sk y

our

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CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 2: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

Did you know that injuries are the leading cause of death of children younger than 4 years in the UnitedStates Most of these injuries can be prevented

Often injuries happen because parents are not aware of what their children can do Children learn fast and before you know it your child will be jumping running riding a tricycle and using tools Your child is at special risk for injuries from falls drowning poisons burns and car crashes Your child doesnrsquot understand dangers or remember ldquonordquo while playing and exploring

FallsBecause your childrsquos abilities are so great now he or she will find an endless variety of dangerous situations at home and in the neighborhood

Your child can fall off play equipment out of windows down stairs off a bike or tricycle and off anything that can be climbed on Be sure the surface under play equipment is soft enough to absorb a fall Use safety-tested mats or loose-fill materials (shredded rubber sand wood chips or bark) maintained to a depth of at least 9 inches underneath play equipment Install the protective surface at least 6 feet (more for swings and slides) in all directions from the equipment

Lock the doors to any dangerous areas Use gates on stairways and install operable window guards above the first floor Fence in the play yard If your child has a serious fall or does not act normally after a fall call your doctor

Firearm HazardsChildren in homes where guns are present are in more danger of being shot by themselves their friends or family members than of being injured by an intruder It is best to keep all guns out of the home If you choose to keep a gun keep it unloaded and in a locked place with the ammunition locked separately Handguns are especially dangerous Ask if the homes where your child visits or is cared for have guns and how they are stored

BurnsThe kitchen can be a dangerous place for your child especially when you are cooking If your child is underfoot hot liquids grease and hot foods can spill on him or her and cause serious burns Find something safe for your child to do while you are cooking

Remember that kitchen appliances and other hot surfaces such as irons ovens wallheaters and outdoor grills can burn your child long after you have finished using them

2to

4Ye

ars

2 TO 4 YEARSSafety for Your Child

(over)

If your child does get burned immediately put cold water on the burned area Keep the burned area in coldwater for a few minutes to cool it off Then cover the burn loosely with a dry bandage or clean cloth Callyour doctor for all burns To protect your child from tap water scalds the hottest temperature at the faucetshould be no more than 120˚F In many cases you can adjust your water heater

Make sure you have a working smoke alarm on every level of your home especially in furnace and sleeping areasTest the alarms every month It is best to use smoke alarms that use long-life batteries but if you do not change the batteries at least once a year

PoisoningsYour child will be able to open any drawer and climb anywhere curiosity leads Your child may swallow anythinghe or she finds Use only household products and medicines that are absolutely necessary and keep them safely capped and out of sight and reach Keep all products in their original containers

If your child does put something poisonous in his or her mouth call the Poison Help Lineimmediately Attach the Poison Help Line number (1-800-222-1222) to your phone Do not make your child vomit

And Remember Car SafetyCar crashes are the greatest danger to your childrsquos life and health The crushing forces to your childrsquos brain and body in a collision or sudden stop even at low speeds can cause injuries or death To prevent these injuries correctly USE a car safety seat EVERY TIME your child is in the car If your child weighs more than the highest weight allowed by the seat or if his or her ears come to the top of the car safety seat use a belt-positioning booster seat

The safest place for all children to ride is in the back seat In an emergency if a child must ride in the front seat move the vehicle seat back as far as it can go away from the air bag

Do not allow your child to play or ride a tricycle in the street Your child should play in a fenced yard or playground Driveways are also dangerous Walk behind your car before you back out of your driveway to be sure your child is not behind your car You may not see your child through the rearview mirror

Remember the biggest threat to your childrsquos life and health is an injury

HE0021-D3-42rev0805TIPPregmdashThe Injury Prevention Program copy 1994 American Academy of Pediatrics

The information in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care andadvice of your pediatrician There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on the individual facts and circumstances

From Your Doctor

5Like

Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Ages amp Stages

What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas

Here are some milestones to look for

Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility

Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters

Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories

Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

1 of 2 4192012 247 PM

topic landing page

Engages in fantasy play

Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality

Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange

Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately

Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

2 of 2 4192012 247 PM

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people

Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need

to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon

or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the

center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will

want to eat what you eat

How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out

fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry

Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins

Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help

Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten

Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy

This is my goal

1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced

peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater

34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter

water

3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)

13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk

4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk

Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Snack

Snack

Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old

Sample Menus for Your Child

HealthWashington State Department of

DOH Pub 961-188 92005

Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)

Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces

Always wash handsbefore and after eating

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need

When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it

Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve

Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day

Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day

Children eat more on some daysthan others

What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days

Feeding your3 to 5 yearold

C

Food Guide Pyramid

Breads Grainsand Cereals

6 to 11 servings

Protein Foods2 to 3 servings

Fats Oils and Sweets

Fruits 2 to 4 servings

Vegetables 3 to 5 servings

Milk Products4 to 6 servings

One Serving Is About

2 to 4servingseach day

3 to 5servingseach day

6 to 11servingseach day

4 to 6servingseach day

2 to 3servingseach day

Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day

VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash

FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices

Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk

Protein FoodsAnimal Protein

Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1

Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron

Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while

Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more

AC

TIV

ITIE

S F

OR

CH

ILD

RE

N 3

6 -

48

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NT

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OL

D

Mak

e a

book

ab

out m

e fo

r yo

ur c

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S

ave

fam

ily p

ictu

res

loav

es

mag

ashyzi

ne p

ictu

res

of a

favo

rite

food

an

d dr

awin

gs y

our

child

mak

es P

ut th

em

a ph

oto

albu

m o

r gl

ue o

ole

shee

ts

of p

aper

and

sta

ple

toge

ther

to m

ake

a bo

ok

I~Vhil

e c~oki

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eat

ing

dinn

er

play

th

e m

ore

or le

ss

gam

e w

ith y

our

ohild

A

sk w

ho h

as

mor

e p

olal

oeo

an

d w

ho h

as le

ss T

ry t

his

usin

g sa

meshy

size

gla

sses

or c

ups

fill

ed w

ith ju

ice

or m

ilk

IWhe

n yo

ur c

hild

is g

cttin

g dr

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CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 3: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

If your child does get burned immediately put cold water on the burned area Keep the burned area in coldwater for a few minutes to cool it off Then cover the burn loosely with a dry bandage or clean cloth Callyour doctor for all burns To protect your child from tap water scalds the hottest temperature at the faucetshould be no more than 120˚F In many cases you can adjust your water heater

Make sure you have a working smoke alarm on every level of your home especially in furnace and sleeping areasTest the alarms every month It is best to use smoke alarms that use long-life batteries but if you do not change the batteries at least once a year

PoisoningsYour child will be able to open any drawer and climb anywhere curiosity leads Your child may swallow anythinghe or she finds Use only household products and medicines that are absolutely necessary and keep them safely capped and out of sight and reach Keep all products in their original containers

If your child does put something poisonous in his or her mouth call the Poison Help Lineimmediately Attach the Poison Help Line number (1-800-222-1222) to your phone Do not make your child vomit

And Remember Car SafetyCar crashes are the greatest danger to your childrsquos life and health The crushing forces to your childrsquos brain and body in a collision or sudden stop even at low speeds can cause injuries or death To prevent these injuries correctly USE a car safety seat EVERY TIME your child is in the car If your child weighs more than the highest weight allowed by the seat or if his or her ears come to the top of the car safety seat use a belt-positioning booster seat

The safest place for all children to ride is in the back seat In an emergency if a child must ride in the front seat move the vehicle seat back as far as it can go away from the air bag

Do not allow your child to play or ride a tricycle in the street Your child should play in a fenced yard or playground Driveways are also dangerous Walk behind your car before you back out of your driveway to be sure your child is not behind your car You may not see your child through the rearview mirror

Remember the biggest threat to your childrsquos life and health is an injury

HE0021-D3-42rev0805TIPPregmdashThe Injury Prevention Program copy 1994 American Academy of Pediatrics

The information in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care andadvice of your pediatrician There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on the individual facts and circumstances

From Your Doctor

5Like

Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Ages amp Stages

What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas

Here are some milestones to look for

Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility

Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters

Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories

Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

1 of 2 4192012 247 PM

topic landing page

Engages in fantasy play

Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality

Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange

Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately

Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

2 of 2 4192012 247 PM

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people

Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need

to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon

or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the

center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will

want to eat what you eat

How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out

fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry

Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins

Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help

Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten

Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy

This is my goal

1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced

peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater

34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter

water

3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)

13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk

4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk

Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Snack

Snack

Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old

Sample Menus for Your Child

HealthWashington State Department of

DOH Pub 961-188 92005

Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)

Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces

Always wash handsbefore and after eating

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need

When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it

Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve

Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day

Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day

Children eat more on some daysthan others

What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days

Feeding your3 to 5 yearold

C

Food Guide Pyramid

Breads Grainsand Cereals

6 to 11 servings

Protein Foods2 to 3 servings

Fats Oils and Sweets

Fruits 2 to 4 servings

Vegetables 3 to 5 servings

Milk Products4 to 6 servings

One Serving Is About

2 to 4servingseach day

3 to 5servingseach day

6 to 11servingseach day

4 to 6servingseach day

2 to 3servingseach day

Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day

VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash

FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices

Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk

Protein FoodsAnimal Protein

Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1

Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron

Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while

Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more

AC

TIV

ITIE

S F

OR

CH

ILD

RE

N 3

6 -

48

MO

NT

HS

OL

D

Mak

e a

book

ab

out m

e fo

r yo

ur c

hild

S

ave

fam

ily p

ictu

res

loav

es

mag

ashyzi

ne p

ictu

res

of a

favo

rite

food

an

d dr

awin

gs y

our

child

mak

es P

ut th

em

a ph

oto

albu

m o

r gl

ue o

ole

shee

ts

of p

aper

and

sta

ple

toge

ther

to m

ake

a bo

ok

I~Vhil

e c~oki

~g or

eat

ing

dinn

er

play

th

e m

ore

or le

ss

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e w

ith y

our

ohild

A

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ho h

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e p

olal

oeo

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ho h

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ry t

his

usin

g sa

meshy

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gla

sses

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ups

fill

ed w

ith ju

ice

or m

ilk

IWhe

n yo

ur c

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cttin

g dr

essc

d

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urag

e he

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ers

Pla

ya g

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h th

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les

Pre

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Fin

d la

rge

piec

es c

t oa

per

cr c

ardshy

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d fo

r yo

ur c

hild

to d

raw

on

Usi

ng

cray

ons

pen

Cils

or

mar

kers

pl

ay

draw

ing

gam

e w

here

yQ

U lc

llow

his

le

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pyin

g ex

actly

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t he

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s N

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urag

e hi

m to

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dra

win

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as

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les

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nes

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_ l

Mak

e a

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feed

er u

sing

pea

nut b

utte

r an

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rd s

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Hel

p yo

ur c

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d a

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con

e or

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ece

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d to

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read

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nut b

utte

r on

Rol

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or

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kle

with

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ds a

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ang

in a

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out

side

a w

indo

w W

hile

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r chi

id

wat

ches

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er a

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the

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ber

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lor

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e di

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isit

Cut

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e la

rge

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r circ

les

and

show

the

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you

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ild T

alk

with

you

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ild a

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thin

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her

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ld t

hat

are

I ro

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(a

ball

the

moo

n) C

ut th

e ci

rshyel

e in

hal

f an

d as

k he

r if

she

can

mak

e it

roun

d ag

ain

Nex

t cu

t the

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to t

hree

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and

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orth

I Pra

ctic

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llcw

ing

dire

ctiQ

ns P

laya

si

lly g

ame

whe

re y

ou a

sk y

our c

hild

to

do tw

o or

thre

e fu

n or

unu

suel

thi

ngs

in a

ruw

FQ

r ex

ampl

e a

sk h

im to

T

Quc

h yQ

ur e

lbow

and

then

run

in a

C

ircle

or

F

ind

a bo

ok a

nd o

ut it

on

your

hea

d

Whe

n rE

adin

g or

teili

ng a

fam

iliar

sto

ry

for

bedt

ime

sto

p an

d le

ave

out a

I w

ord

~Jait fo

r yo

ur c

hild

to

fill i

n th

e I b

lank

Gro

w a

pla

nt C

hoos

e se

eds

that

sp

rQut

qui

ckly

(be

ans

or p

eas)

an

d to

geth

er w

ith y

our c

hild

pla

ce Ih

e se

eds

in a

pap

er c

up

fillin

g al

mQ

st to

to

p w

ith d

irt

la

ce th

e se

eds

I in

ch u

nder

tile

SQ

il Pu

t the

cup

in

a su

nny

win

dow

sill

and

enco

urag

e yo

ur

cril

d to

wat

er

wat

ch th

e pi

ant

grow

Dur

ing

bath

tim

e p

lay

Sim

on S

ays

to

teac

h yo

ur c

hild

nam

es o

f bod

y pa

rts

Firs

t yo

u ca

n S

imon

an

d he

lp

yQur

chi

ld w

ash

the

part

of h

is b

ody

that

S

imon

say

s

Let y

our

child

hav

e tu

rn

ile S

imon

to

c B

e su

re to

na

me

each

bod

y pa

rt a

s it

is w

ashe

d an

d gi

ve y

our

child

a c

hanc

e to

was

h hi

mse

lf

Enc

oura

ge y

cur

child

s

shar

ing

skill

s

by m

akin

g a

play

CQ

rner

in y

our

hom

e

Incl

ude

only

rNC

chi

ldre

n to

sta

rt (

a br

Qth

er

sist

er

or fr

iend

) an

d ha

ve a

fe

w o

f the

sam

e ty

pe o

f toy

s av

aila

ble

the

child

ren

don

t ha

ve t

e sh

are

the

time

Pup

pets

or

bloc

ks a

re g

ood

beca

use

they

enc

oura

ge p

layi

ng

toge

ther

If

need

ed

use

an e

gg o

r ov

en t

imer

with

a b

ell t

o al

low

the

chilshy

dren

equ

al ti

me

with

to

ys

Mak

e ne

ckla

ce y

ou c

un e

at b

y st

ringi

ng C

heer

ios

or

Fro

ot L

oops

on

a pi

ece

of y

arn

or s

tring

Wra

p sh

ort

pec

e of

tape

aro

und

Ihe

end

of th

e st

ring

to m

ake

a fir

m t

ip lo

r st

ringi

ng

Bef

ore

bedt

ime

look

at a

mag

azin

e o

r ch

ildre

ns

book

toge

ther

Ask

you

r ch

ild t

o po

int t

o pi

ctur

es a

s yo

a na

me

them

su

ch a

s W

here

is th

e tru

ck

Bo

sill

y an

d as

k hi

m to

hi

s el

bow

or

foot

Ask

him

sh

ow y

ou

som

ethi

ng th

at is

rou

nd o

r so

met

hing

th

nt g

oes

fast

Talk

abo

ut th

e nu

mbe

r 3

Rea

d st

orie

s th

at h

ave

3 in

them

(Th

e Th

ree

Bill

y G

oats

Gru

ff T

hree

Litt

le P

igs

7he

Th

ree

Bea

rs)

Enc

oura

ge y

our c

hild

to

coun

t to

3 us

ing

sim

ilar o

bjec

ts (

rock

s

card

s b

lock

s) T

alk

abou

t be

ing

3 ye

ars

old

Afte

r you

r chi

ld g

ets

the

idea

m

ove

up to

the

nwnb

ers

4 5

an

d so

fort

h as

long

as

your

chi

ld is

in

tere

sted

List

en fo

r so

unds

Fin

d a

cozy

SPQ

t an

d si

t with

you

r ch

ild L

iste

n an

d id

entif

y th

e so

unds

ha

t ycu

hea

r A

sk y

our c

hild

if I

t is

a lo

ud Q

r sof

t so

und

Try

this

act

ivity

insi

de a

nd o

ut-

your

hom

e

List

en a

lld d

ance

to m

usic

will

l you

r ch

ild Y

ou c

an s

top

the

mus

ic fo

r a

mom

ent a

nd p

lay

the

~re

eze

gam

e w

here

eve

ryon

e f

reez

es

or s

tand

s pe

rfect

ly s

till

until

you

sta

rt th

e m

usic

n

ain

Try

to

fre

eze

in u

nusu

al p

osishy

tions

for

fun

Pla

ya m

atch

ing

gam

e F

ind

two

sets

of

10

or m

ore

pict

ures

You

can

use

pi

ctur

es fr

om t

wo

copi

es Q

f sa

me

I mag

azin

e or

a d

eck

of p

layi

ng c

ards

La

y th

e pi

ctur

es f

ace

up a

nd a

sk y

our

child

to f

ind

two

that

are

the

sam

e

Sta

rt w

ith t

wo

pict

ure

sets

and

gra

dushy

ally

ade

l mor

e

Put

out

sev

eral

obj

ects

tha

t are

fam

ilshyia

r to

your

chi

ld (

brus

h c

oat

bana

na

spoo

n b

oo

k)l

sk y

ou

r ch

ild to

sho

w

you

whi

ch o

ne y

ou c

an e

at o

r w

hich

on

e yo

u w

ear o

utsi

de H

elp

your

chi

ld

put t

he o

bjec

ts i

n g

roup

s th

at g

o to

geth

er

such

as ~hings

that

we

eat

and

thi

ngs

that

we

wea

r

Mak

e an

adv

entu

re p

ath

Qut

side

a

gard

en h

ose

rop

e o

r pi

ece

of c

halk

an

d m

ake

a p

ath

that

goe

s un

der t

he

benc

h a

roun

d th

e tre

e a

nd a

long

the

wal

l W

alk

your

chi

ld t

hrou

gh th

e pa

th

first

us

ing

thes

e w

ords

Afte

r she

do

it

mak

e a

new

pat

h or

hav

e yo

ur

child

ma

ke a

pat

h

Mak

e lo

ng s

carv

es o

ut o

f fab

ric

scra

ps

old

dres

ses

Qr Q

ld s

hirts

by

tear

ing

or c

uttin

g lo

ng p

iece

s U

se

mat

eria

l tha

t is

light

wei

ght

Hol

d on

to

the

edge

of t

he s

carf

tw

irl a

roun

d

run

and

jum

p

~--

-_

__

__

_I_

___

-__

__ _

__--

------

J Th

e A

SQ

Use

rs G

Uid

e S

econ

d E

ditio

n S

quire

s P

otte

r an

d B

rioke

r

199

9 P

aul

H

Bro

okes

Pub

lishi

ng

ww

wa

gesa

ndst

ages

com

As an adult

it is important

to replace

calcium

through

dmiddot your ret

CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 4: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

5Like

Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds

Ages amp Stages

What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas

Here are some milestones to look for

Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility

Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters

Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories

Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

1 of 2 4192012 247 PM

topic landing page

Engages in fantasy play

Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality

Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange

Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately

Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

2 of 2 4192012 247 PM

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people

Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need

to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon

or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the

center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will

want to eat what you eat

How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out

fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry

Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins

Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help

Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten

Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy

This is my goal

1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced

peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater

34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter

water

3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)

13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk

4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk

Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Snack

Snack

Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old

Sample Menus for Your Child

HealthWashington State Department of

DOH Pub 961-188 92005

Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)

Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces

Always wash handsbefore and after eating

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need

When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it

Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve

Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day

Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day

Children eat more on some daysthan others

What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days

Feeding your3 to 5 yearold

C

Food Guide Pyramid

Breads Grainsand Cereals

6 to 11 servings

Protein Foods2 to 3 servings

Fats Oils and Sweets

Fruits 2 to 4 servings

Vegetables 3 to 5 servings

Milk Products4 to 6 servings

One Serving Is About

2 to 4servingseach day

3 to 5servingseach day

6 to 11servingseach day

4 to 6servingseach day

2 to 3servingseach day

Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day

VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash

FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices

Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk

Protein FoodsAnimal Protein

Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1

Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron

Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while

Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more

AC

TIV

ITIE

S F

OR

CH

ILD

RE

N 3

6 -

48

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NT

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es P

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d

Whe

n rE

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iliar

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ry

for

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ime

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p an

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out a

I w

ord

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r yo

ur c

hild

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n th

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Gro

w a

pla

nt C

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rQut

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ckly

(be

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or p

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d to

geth

er w

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our c

hild

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ce Ih

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in a

pap

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up

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g al

mQ

st to

to

p w

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irt

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nder

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t the

cup

in

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nny

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dow

sill

and

enco

urag

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ur

cril

d to

wat

er

wat

ch th

e pi

ant

grow

Dur

ing

bath

tim

e p

lay

Sim

on S

ays

to

teac

h yo

ur c

hild

nam

es o

f bod

y pa

rts

Firs

t yo

u ca

n S

imon

an

d he

lp

yQur

chi

ld w

ash

the

part

of h

is b

ody

that

S

imon

say

s

Let y

our

child

hav

e tu

rn

ile S

imon

to

c B

e su

re to

na

me

each

bod

y pa

rt a

s it

is w

ashe

d an

d gi

ve y

our

child

a c

hanc

e to

was

h hi

mse

lf

Enc

oura

ge y

cur

child

s

shar

ing

skill

s

by m

akin

g a

play

CQ

rner

in y

our

hom

e

Incl

ude

only

rNC

chi

ldre

n to

sta

rt (

a br

Qth

er

sist

er

or fr

iend

) an

d ha

ve a

fe

w o

f the

sam

e ty

pe o

f toy

s av

aila

ble

the

child

ren

don

t ha

ve t

e sh

are

the

time

Pup

pets

or

bloc

ks a

re g

ood

beca

use

they

enc

oura

ge p

layi

ng

toge

ther

If

need

ed

use

an e

gg o

r ov

en t

imer

with

a b

ell t

o al

low

the

chilshy

dren

equ

al ti

me

with

to

ys

Mak

e ne

ckla

ce y

ou c

un e

at b

y st

ringi

ng C

heer

ios

or

Fro

ot L

oops

on

a pi

ece

of y

arn

or s

tring

Wra

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ort

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Ihe

end

of th

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ring

to m

ake

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r st

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ng

Bef

ore

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ime

look

at a

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azin

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ildre

ns

book

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ther

Ask

you

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ild t

o po

int t

o pi

ctur

es a

s yo

a na

me

them

su

ch a

s W

here

is th

e tru

ck

Bo

sill

y an

d as

k hi

m to

hi

s el

bow

or

foot

Ask

him

sh

ow y

ou

som

ethi

ng th

at is

rou

nd o

r so

met

hing

th

nt g

oes

fast

Talk

abo

ut th

e nu

mbe

r 3

Rea

d st

orie

s th

at h

ave

3 in

them

(Th

e Th

ree

Bill

y G

oats

Gru

ff T

hree

Litt

le P

igs

7he

Th

ree

Bea

rs)

Enc

oura

ge y

our c

hild

to

coun

t to

3 us

ing

sim

ilar o

bjec

ts (

rock

s

card

s b

lock

s) T

alk

abou

t be

ing

3 ye

ars

old

Afte

r you

r chi

ld g

ets

the

idea

m

ove

up to

the

nwnb

ers

4 5

an

d so

fort

h as

long

as

your

chi

ld is

in

tere

sted

List

en fo

r so

unds

Fin

d a

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if I

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r sof

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e

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en a

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ance

to m

usic

will

l you

r ch

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r a

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ent a

nd p

lay

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gam

e w

here

eve

ryon

e f

reez

es

or s

tand

s pe

rfect

ly s

till

until

you

sta

rt th

e m

usic

n

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to

fre

eze

in u

nusu

al p

osishy

tions

for

fun

Pla

ya m

atch

ing

gam

e F

ind

two

sets

of

10

or m

ore

pict

ures

You

can

use

pi

ctur

es fr

om t

wo

copi

es Q

f sa

me

I mag

azin

e or

a d

eck

of p

layi

ng c

ards

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y th

e pi

ctur

es f

ace

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nd a

sk y

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to f

ind

two

that

are

the

sam

e

Sta

rt w

ith t

wo

pict

ure

sets

and

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dushy

ally

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l mor

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ects

tha

t are

fam

ilshyia

r to

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ch o

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r w

hich

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e yo

u w

ear o

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de H

elp

your

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put t

he o

bjec

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n g

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at g

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as ~hings

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As an adult

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CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 5: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

topic landing page

Engages in fantasy play

Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality

Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange

Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately

Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)

HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve

2 of 2 4192012 247 PM

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people

Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need

to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon

or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the

center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will

want to eat what you eat

How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out

fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry

Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins

Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help

Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten

Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy

This is my goal

1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced

peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater

34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter

water

3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)

13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk

4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk

Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Snack

Snack

Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old

Sample Menus for Your Child

HealthWashington State Department of

DOH Pub 961-188 92005

Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)

Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces

Always wash handsbefore and after eating

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need

When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it

Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve

Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day

Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day

Children eat more on some daysthan others

What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days

Feeding your3 to 5 yearold

C

Food Guide Pyramid

Breads Grainsand Cereals

6 to 11 servings

Protein Foods2 to 3 servings

Fats Oils and Sweets

Fruits 2 to 4 servings

Vegetables 3 to 5 servings

Milk Products4 to 6 servings

One Serving Is About

2 to 4servingseach day

3 to 5servingseach day

6 to 11servingseach day

4 to 6servingseach day

2 to 3servingseach day

Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day

VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash

FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices

Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk

Protein FoodsAnimal Protein

Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1

Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron

Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while

Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more

AC

TIV

ITIE

S F

OR

CH

ILD

RE

N 3

6 -

48

MO

NT

HS

OL

D

Mak

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book

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S

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child

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es P

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Pla

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Pre

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Fin

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Usi

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Cils

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Hel

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Rol

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at v

isit

Cut

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the

m to

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with

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her

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ld t

hat

are

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(a

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the

moo

n) C

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r if

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mak

e it

roun

d ag

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Nex

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hree

pie

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CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 6: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people

Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need

to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon

or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the

center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will

want to eat what you eat

How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out

fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry

Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins

Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help

Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten

Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy

This is my goal

1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced

peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater

34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter

water

3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)

13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk

4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk

Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full

Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Snack

Snack

Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old

Sample Menus for Your Child

HealthWashington State Department of

DOH Pub 961-188 92005

Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)

Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces

Always wash handsbefore and after eating

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need

When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it

Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve

Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day

Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day

Children eat more on some daysthan others

What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days

Feeding your3 to 5 yearold

C

Food Guide Pyramid

Breads Grainsand Cereals

6 to 11 servings

Protein Foods2 to 3 servings

Fats Oils and Sweets

Fruits 2 to 4 servings

Vegetables 3 to 5 servings

Milk Products4 to 6 servings

One Serving Is About

2 to 4servingseach day

3 to 5servingseach day

6 to 11servingseach day

4 to 6servingseach day

2 to 3servingseach day

Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day

VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash

FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices

Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk

Protein FoodsAnimal Protein

Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1

Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron

Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while

Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more

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s th

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l W

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your

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th

first

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thes

e w

ords

Afte

r she

do

it

mak

e a

new

pat

h or

hav

e yo

ur

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ma

ke a

pat

h

Mak

e lo

ng s

carv

es o

ut o

f fab

ric

scra

ps

old

dres

ses

Qr Q

ld s

hirts

by

tear

ing

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uttin

g lo

ng p

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s U

se

mat

eria

l tha

t is

light

wei

ght

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run

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jum

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~--

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rs G

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As an adult

it is important

to replace

calcium

through

dmiddot your ret

CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 7: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need

When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it

Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve

Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day

Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day

Children eat more on some daysthan others

What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days

Feeding your3 to 5 yearold

C

Food Guide Pyramid

Breads Grainsand Cereals

6 to 11 servings

Protein Foods2 to 3 servings

Fats Oils and Sweets

Fruits 2 to 4 servings

Vegetables 3 to 5 servings

Milk Products4 to 6 servings

One Serving Is About

2 to 4servingseach day

3 to 5servingseach day

6 to 11servingseach day

4 to 6servingseach day

2 to 3servingseach day

Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day

VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash

FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices

Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk

Protein FoodsAnimal Protein

Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1

Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron

Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while

Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more

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th

first

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thes

e w

ords

Afte

r she

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it

mak

e a

new

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h or

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ma

ke a

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h

Mak

e lo

ng s

carv

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f fab

ric

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ps

old

dres

ses

Qr Q

ld s

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by

tear

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g lo

ng p

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s U

se

mat

eria

l tha

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light

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ght

Hol

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carf

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run

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jum

p

~--

-_

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___

-__

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------

J Th

e A

SQ

Use

rs G

Uid

e S

econ

d E

ditio

n S

quire

s P

otte

r an

d B

rioke

r

199

9 P

aul

H

Bro

okes

Pub

lishi

ng

ww

wa

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ndst

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com

As an adult

it is important

to replace

calcium

through

dmiddot your ret

CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
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CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 9: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

As an adult

it is important

to replace

calcium

through

dmiddot your ret

CALCIUM The Bone Builder

Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth

bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages

The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible

If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day

How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)

Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700

Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000

Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000

Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000

Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000

Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997

See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 10: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet

CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU

CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced

Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss

COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods

bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products

(available in many supermarkets)

Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________

Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg

FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)

Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for

calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)

Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152

Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

jlJ bull

Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

~

Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 11: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

YOUR CHILDS FEARS

Understanding Your Childs Fears

Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them

Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water

Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time

Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences

Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults

Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle

Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable

Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations

How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid

Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way

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Some cry and look afraid

Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid

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Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 12: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier

Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital

Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes

Phone at regular times while you are away

Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left

Talk with your child about how much you missed one another

Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention

Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world

Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time

Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times

Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements

If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~

By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers

Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage

Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child

An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives

As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 13: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return

Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage

Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view

Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out

Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)

Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings

Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse

Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child

Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~

All through your babys early years youll want to

be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction

Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child

Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one

If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull

But the following may help

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 14: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet

bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull

Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~

Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe

Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue

Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities

Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security

Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water

Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care

Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared

There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control

Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following

Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings

Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities

Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age

Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip

~

~

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form
Page 15: Tylenol Dosage Table - Piedmont Pediatrics · Tylenol Dosage Table Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours. Weight (pounds) Chewable Tablets (80mg/tablet) Children’s/Infant

AND GROWING

will cause him or up If

come from

big and the world must look confidence or her

To a ld

These if read to child

Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively

Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979

Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122

Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985

Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974

Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984

Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986

  1. Form