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Two Days Workshop May 20-21, 2014Secretariat Training Institute(Establishment Division)Islamabad, PakistanManagement Information Systems (MIS)Brief IntroductionSyed Ali Zahir BukhariResearcher / Lecturer / Grid Administrator (CERN-ALICE)Department of Computer ScienceCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak-Shehzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.Phone(Off): +92-51-9049-5358, Cell: +92-333-5338173Email: alizahir@comsats.edu.pk, alizahir@cern.ch

Overview of WorkshopClassification of ISWhat is MIS?Historical Perspective (evolution)Scope of MISMIS OrganizationSources of MISCharacteristics of MISMIS and Web TechnologyTypes of MISMIS Output ReportsComponents of MISRelationship b/w MIS & Other IS.Functional Uses of MISDiscussion

Classification of IS

Information Technology for Information System

What is MIS?An MIS provides managers with information and support for effective decision making, and provides feedback on daily operationsOutput, or reports, are usually generated through accumulation of transaction processing dataEach MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems, which are typically organized along functional lines within an organization

Historical Perspective (Evolution)MIS evolution corresponds to the five phases in the development ofcomputingtechnology: Mainframe and minicomputer computing, Personal computers, Client/server networks, Enterprise computing, Cloud computing.Cont Mainframe and minicomputer computingThefirst erawas ruled by IBM and their mainframe computersThese computers would often take up whole rooms and require teams to run them As technology advanced, these computers were able to handle greater capacities and therefore reduce their cost. Smaller, more affordable minicomputers allowed larger businesses to run their own computing centers in-house.Cont Personal computersThesecond era began in 1965 as microprocessors started to compete with mainframes and minicomputers and accelerated the process of decentralizing computing power from large data centers to smaller offices. It provide access to computing power that ten years before would have cost tens of thousands of dollars. This proliferation of computers created a ready market for interconnecting networks and the popularization of the Internet.Cont Client ServerAs technological complexity increased and costs decreased, the need to share information within an enterprise also grew.Computers on a common network access shared information on a server. This lets thousands and even millions of people access data simultaneously.Cont EnterpriseThe fourth eraenabled high speed networksTied all aspects of the business enterprise together offering rich information access encompassing the complete management structure. Every computer is utilizedCont Cloud computingThefifth erais the latest and employs networking technology to deliver applications as well as data storage independent of the configuration, location or nature of the hardware. This, along with high speedcell phoneandwifinetworks, led to new levels of mobility in which managers access the MIS remotely withlaptopandtablet computers, plussmart phones.

Nature and Scope of MIS

MIS Organization

Functions of MISThe prime objective to set up MIS in an organization is to use the management information by its managers for decision-making. MIS needs to perform the following functions to meet its objective :Capturing DataProcessing DataInformation StorageInformation RetrievalDisseminating management information

Cont (Functions)Capturing data : MIS performs usage of data whether manual or through computer terminals by using several internal and external springs of an association . The data related to transactions that take place in the organization is stored in some physical medium such as a paper form or entering it directly into a computer system by the end users.Processing data : Processing data includes converting the captured data into the required management information . To process the data, you need to perform various activities such as calculating, comparing, sorting, classifying and summarizing the data. These data processing activities organize, mathematical, operations research and other business models.

Cont (Functions)Information storage : MIS saves the less frequently used information as an organizational record and thus stores the processed or unprocessed data for future use. Data and information are reserved and organized in the form of fields, records , files and databases for future use.Information retrieval : Information retrieval includes retrieving the stored information as per the requirements of the management users. The retrieved information is used or is processed again to meet the exact management information demands.Disseminating management information : MIS end product is divided and distributed to the users in an organization. This information could be periodic, through reports or online through computer terminals.

Source of MISCorporatedatabasesofinternaldataDatabasesofexternaldataDatabasesofvalidtransactionsOperationaldatabasesTransactionprocessingsystemsManagementinformationsystemsDecisionsupportsystemsExecutivesupportsystemsExpertsystemsBusinesstransactionsInput anderror listDrill-down reportsException reportsDemand reportsKey-indicator reportsScheduledreportsEmployeesCorporateintranetApplicationdatabasesCharacteristics of a Management Information SystemTo help executives of an organization make decisions that advance the organization's goals. MIS assembles data available from company operations, external inputs and past activities into information that shows what the company has achieved in key areas of interest, and what is required for further progress.The most important characteristics of an MIS are those that give decision-makers confidence that their actions will have the desired consequences.

8-Key CharacteristicsUnderstandableRelevantCompleteAvailableReliableConciseTimelyCost-effective

ContUnderstandable:Since information is already in a summarized form, it must be understood by the receiver (Executive) so that he will interpret it correctly.He must be able to decode any abbreviations, shorthand notations or any other acronyms contained in the information. Cont..Relevance Information is good only if it is relevant. This means that it should be significant and meaningful to the decision maker and should be in his area of responsibility.CompleteIt should contain all the facts that are necessary for the decision maker to satisfactorily solve the problem at hand using such information. Nothing important should be left out. Although information cannot always be complete, every reasonable effort should be made to obtain it.

Cont.AvailableInformation may be useless if it is not readily accessible in the desired form, when it is needed. Advances in technology have made information more accessible today than ever before.ReliableThe information should be counted on to be trustworthy. It should be accurate, consistent with facts and verifiable. Inadequate or incorrect information generally leads to decisions of poor quality. ContConciseToo much information is a big burden on management and cannot be processed in time and accurately due to bounded rationality. Information should be to the point and just enough no more, no less.TimelyInformation must be delivered at the right time and the right place to the right person. Premature information can become obsolete or be forgotten by the time it is actually needed.Similarly, some crucial decisions can be delayed because proper and necessary information is not available in time, resulting in missed opportunities. Accordingly the time gap between collection of data and the presentation of the proper information to the decision maker must be reduced as much as possible.

ContCost-effectiveThe information is not desirable if the solution is more costly than the problem. The cost of gathering data and processing it into information must be weighed against the benefits derived from using such information.