Tutorial PES ISGT Asia Prof. Saifur Rahman 20 May 2014 Virginia … · 2014. 5. 22. · 1 Part A...
Transcript of Tutorial PES ISGT Asia Prof. Saifur Rahman 20 May 2014 Virginia … · 2014. 5. 22. · 1 Part A...
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Part A
TutorialProf. Saifur RahmanVirginia Tech, USA
PES ISGT Asia20 May 2014
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
(c) Saifur Rahman
Part 1: Operational Issues for Wind Energy Technology
• Wind turbine technology• Global deployment of wind energy technology• Interactions between wind electricity output and electrical power
demand
Part 2: Operational Issues for Solar Energy Technology
• Solar energy technologies – solar thermal and photovoltaics• Global deployment of solar energy technology• Interactions between solar electricity output and electrical power
demand
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(c) Saifur Rahman
Part 3: Demand Response Technologies
• Demand response and demand side management (DSM) • Demand response technologies – supply side and demand side• Performance of demand response technologies
Part 4: Demand Response Planning and Operations
• Sample demand response programs in operation • Customer incentives and participation• Impact of demand response on the electrical load shape
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** Others include solar, wind, geothermal, biofuels and waste, and heat
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) 2007, 2010 and 2013 Key World Energy Statistics
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©Saifur Rahman 2014
WORLD 1971-2011*
(Mtoe)OECD 1971-2012*
(Mtoe)
* Includes aviation and international marine bunkers * Includes aviation and international marine bunkers, excludes electricity trade
Biomass and Wast
Hydro
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Oil
Coal/Peat
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) Key World Energy Statistics 2013
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Wind Solar
BiomassGeothermal
HydroTidal Power
Unique features & variability
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Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K.
Wind Energy
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Global Installed Wind Capacity (MW)1996-2013 (Cumulative)
Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013)
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Future Wind Power Capacity (MW) 1997-2020
World Wind Energy Association, World Wind Energy Report 2012
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Top 10 Countries (Installed Wind Capacity)December 2010
China
USA
GermanySpain
India
Italy
FranceUK CanadaDenmarkRest of the World
Source: Global Wind Energy Council (2011)
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Top 10 Countries (Installed Wind Capacity)by December 2013
Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013)
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Annual Installed Wind Capacity by Region (MW)(2005-2013)
Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013)
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Wildorado Wind Ranch-Siemens
Source: http://www.nikkiphotography.com/category/environmental-issues/ http://www.cielowind.com/projects/completed-developments/wildorado-wind-ranc
LOCATION: Wildorado, TX25 miles west of Amarillo in Oldham, Potter and Randall Counties
SIZE: 161 MW
COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS DATE: April 2007
UTILITY: Xcel Energy (Southwestern Public Service Company)
TURBINE EQUIPMENT: 70 Siemens 2.3 MW Mk II
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Nysted Wind Farm-Siemens
Nysted Wind FarmLocated in the Baltic Sea, it is one of the world’s largest wind farms.
Owner: DONG Energy, Denmark (80%) and E.ON Sweden (20%).
Layout: The wind farm is made up of 8 rows of 9 turbines, of which the nearest are placed some ten kilometers offshore.
Turbine: each can generate 2.3 MW. The combined effect is 165.6 MW.
Commercially handed over: Dec. 1st, 2004
Source: http://www.dongenergy.com/Nysted/EN/Pages/index.aspx
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Wind Power Issues
Source: IISD Report, Clean Energy Investment in Developing Countries, Wind power in Egypt, October 2009
Opportunities:
Generate electricity to replace fossil fuel and serve remote area loads.
Challenges:
In-country technology base
Available manpower
Power system operatioin issues due to high penetration of wind turbines
Transmission line upgrades
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Wind Turbine Equipment
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Tower: Tubular steelHeight: 263 feet (80 meters)Weight: 100-150 tons
Blades:Length: 112 ft (34 m)Weight: 20 tons (for all three).Rotor Diameter: 231 ft (70.5 meters)(about 10% longer than the wingspan of a jumbo jet)Swept Area: 41,995 sq. feet per turbine
Colorado Green 162 MW Wind Project
Source: PPM Energy
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Wind Turbine Nacelle & Hub
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Inside the GE 1.5MW Nacelle
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Wind Power ‐ Classification
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Source: Z. Aljarboua, “The National Energy Strategy for S. Arabia”, 2009
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Wind Output & Load Mismatch (PJM) (A peak day in June, 06/08/2011)
Data source: http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/ops-analysis.aspx
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PJM W
ind Po
wer Outpu
t (MW)
PJM Loa
d (M
W)
Time (Hour)
PJM Load ‐ a Peak Day in June 2011
Wind Power Output
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Wind Output & Load Mismatch (PJM) (A peak day in July, 07/22/2011)
Data source: http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/ops-analysis.aspx
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PJM W
ind Po
wer Outpu
t (MW)
PJM Loa
d (M
W)
Time (Hour)
PJM Load ‐ a Peak Day in July 2011
Wind Power Output
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ERCOT (Texas) Load vs Actual Wind Output (10/11/2011 ‐ 10/18/2011)
Data source: http://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/generation/windintegration/
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ERCOT (Texas) Load vs Actual Wind Output (08/17/2011 ‐ 08/24/2011)
Data source: http://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/generation/windintegration/
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Minute‐by‐minuteVariations in a Wind Farm
Source: NREL
Wind output drops 43.7 MW in 1 minute
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Source: NREL
Wind output can drop 113 MW in 10 minutes, and increase 106 MW in 10 minutes
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10‐MinuteVariations in a Wind Farm
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Solar Energy
Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Solar Thermal (CSP)
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Solar Photovoltaics
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Central Station Solar Photovoltaics
Roof-top Solar Photovoltaics © Saifur Rahman
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2012 Global Cumulative Installed PV Capacity (MW)
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Source: EPIA Global Market Outlook for PV 2013-2017
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Solar PV Applications
Grid connected central station Roof-top applications Building Integrated PV (BIPV) Remote area applications
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600 kW Grid‐connected Project in Thailand
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100 kW Grid‐connected Project in China
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10 MW Solar PV at Masdar, Abu Dhabi
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Source: www.ameinfo.com
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2 MW Solar PV at KAUST, S. Arabia
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Source: KAUST
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LehrterTrain Station, Germany
Source: http://www.cler.org/predac/article.php3?id_article=511
Number of module: 1,440Total area: 3,311 m2
PV output: 325 kWElectricity generation:
274,000 kWh/yr
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Building Integrated PV in Thailand
Source: Solartron, Thailand
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Roof‐top Solar PV in Virginia, USA
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Roof‐top Solar Photovoltaics in Bangladesh
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Roof‐top Solar Photovoltaics in Japan
Source: Energybiz Magazine
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Balance of System
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Transformer/Switchgear
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Grid Interconnection
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Concentrator PV Technology
Source: SolFocus Inc.
Provides the highest energy output and lowest cost of any solar technology available
Concept:
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Solar P
V Outpu
t (Watts)
7‐Day Solar PV Output (Watts)Location: Manhattan, Kansas
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
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A 24‐hour Solar PV Output (kW)Location: Manhattan, Kansas
Month: April
80% drop and increase in kW
output in 5 minutes
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A 24‐hour Solar PV Output (kW)Location: Blacksburg, Virginia
Month: September
95% increase in kW output in 10 minutes
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Solar Thermal
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
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Source: Solarclipse
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Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report 2007
Central Receiver Solar Power Plants
15 MWe Molten Salt Solar Thermal Power Plant, Almeria, Spain, 2008
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Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Spain
Central Receiver Solar Power Plants11 MW PS-10 and 20 MW PS-20 Solar Tower Plant, Seville, Spain
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Source: http://www.esolar.com/l
5MW Sierra SunTower CSP Plant, CA, USA
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Source: http://www.esolar.com/l
5 MW Sierra SunTower Project CA, USA
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Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20068703/
The Mojave Desert has nine solar power plants in operation with a capacity of 354 MW.
Project: Mojave solar park (6000 acres)
Location: California, U.S.A.
Capacity: 553 MW (for 400,000 homes)
No of mirrors: 1.2 million
In service: 2012
Solar Thermal ProjectMojave Desert, USA
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Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20068703/
Details of Solar Heat Collection
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Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report 2007
Point Focus Solar Collectors
DISTAL I, Dish/Stirling Engine System, Almeria, Spain
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Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report 2007
Point Focus Solar Collectors
DISTAL II, Dish/Stirling Engine System, Almeria, Spain
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CSP Project in Spain
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CSP Technology
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Biomass Technologies
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BAGASSEMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
LANDFILLCELLULOSE
SWITCH GRASS
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Biogas from Bagasse
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A bagasse-powered co-generation power plant at Porto Feliz in Brazil owned and operated by LANXESS, a chemical industrial plant producing iron-oxide pigments used for dying. The power plant produces 4.5 MW of electricity and steam at an efficiency of up to 90 percent. It is fueled by sugarcane bagasse, readily available in the area. The project started in 2008 and cost around EUR 8 million ($10.9m). Source:LANXESS.co
m
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Biogas from Municipal Solid Waste
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Source: http://www.rise.org.au/info/Res/waste/index.html
An automatic grab transfers the municipal solid waste (MSW) from the reception bin on to a conveyor that feeds the combustion plant.
Municipal Solid Waste Land Fill
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Landfill Gas Management for Electricity
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Source: http://www.capitalregionlandfill.com/operations/
Landfill gas collection well
Landfill gas power generation facility
Landfill gas-powered electric generator
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Biomass Cogeneration Power Plant
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Source: LANXESS.com
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Geothermal Power Plants
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station, Iceland 120 MWe
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Hydro Power PlantHow Does It Work
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Three Gorges Dam in China
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26 x 700 = 18,200 MW
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Hydro Power PlantTypical Costs
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Environmental Impacts of Hydro Power Plants
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FLOODING OF TREES AND OTHER BIOMASS FROM DAMMING OFRIVERS CAUSES SIGNIFICANT CO2 IMPACTS
FLOODED VEGETATION LOSES ITS ABILITY TO ABSORB CO2
THE ROTTING BIOMASS RELEASES SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OFMETHANE, A GREENHOUSE GAS.
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Small-Hydro
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Benefits of Small-Hydro
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La Rance Tidal Power Plant, France
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rance_Tidal_Power_Station
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La Rance Power Plant, France
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Source: George Hagerman
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La Rance Tidal Power Plant Arrangement
Sea-side entrance to navigation lock
Powerhouse section(24 x 10 MWe units)
Sluice gates
Source: George Hagerman
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Tidal Power
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Two-way generation
The rate of water discharge can
be varied to raise or lower the power level