Tutorial 01 QuickStart RS3

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Quick Start Tutorial

Welcome to RS3. This tutorial will demonstrate some of the basic features of RS3

using the model shown above.

The finished product of this tutorial can be found in the Tutorial 01 Quick Start.rs3

data file. All tutorial files installed with RS3 can be accessed by selecting File >

Recent Folders > Tutorials Folder from the RS3 main menu.

Model

Start RS3 by selecting Programs Rocscience RS3 1.0 RS3 from the

Windows start menu.

RS3 automatically opens to a new blank document, which allows you to begin

creating a model immediately. If the RS3 application window is not already

maximized, maximize it now so the full screen space is available for use.

Project SettingsThe Project Settings dialog is used to configure the main analysis parameters for

your RS3 model. Although we do not need to customize the Project Settings for this

tutorial, let’s take a look at the dialog.

Select: Analysis Project Settings


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A major feature that is new in RS3 in the ability to do a “Coupled” analysis. This

means that the groundwater and solids impact each other in the computation. Formore information about the coupled analysis option, please visit the help menu. We

are not using groundwater in this tutorial so the results are unaffected by the analysis

type.

For this tutorial, you should make sure that the Units option is set to “Metric, stress

as kPa”. RS3 remembers the most recently selected Units in Project Settings and uses

them as the default setting for all new documents. It is recommended that the solver

type be left as “Automatic” to ensure the most accurate results.

Select the Stages tab. Note that we will be analyzing a single stage model in this

tutorial. (Multi-stage modeling is covered in the following tutorials).

Select the Orientation tab. Notice that there are three modes of excavation modeling:“Horizontal Mode”, in which the z-direction is perpendicular to gravity, “Vertical

Mode” in which the z-direction is parallel to gravity and “Inclined Mode”, which

allows you to enter a plunge for the model. Ensure “Horizontal Mode” is selected for

this tutorial.

Select the Project Summary tab and enter “Quick Start Tutorial” as the Project Title.

Do not change any other settings. Select OK to close the dialog.

Boundaries

Ensure the Geometry tab is selected from the workflow at the top of the screen. RS3

is designed with an intuitive workflow to help guide the user through the requiredsteps in creating a model. Under each tab, the toolbars and menus are customized to

provide the user with the functions they will need in each step of creating their

model.

Under the geometry tab, we will input the excavation boundary for the model.

Select: Boundaries Add Excavation


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Enter the following information in the command (prompt) line at the bottom right

corner of the RS3 Modeler window. Press Enter after typing in each pair of

coordinates or command.

Enter vertex[t=table,i=circle,esc=cancel]: -5 10

Enter vertex[...]: -5 0

Enter vertex[...]: 5 0

Enter vertex[...]: 5 10

Enter vertex[...]: a

You will automatically see the Arc Options dialog

Select the “3 Points on Arc” optionSet the “Number of Segments” = 20 Select OK

Enter second arc point[u=undo,esc=cancel]: 0 15

Enter third arc point[u=undo,esc=cancel]: c

By entering “c” at the last prompt, the arc closes on the first point of the excavatio n.

Note that arcs in RS3 are actually made up of a series of straight line segments. The

Arc option and many other useful shortcuts are also available in the right-click menu.

Select Zoom All (or press F2) to zoom the boundary to the center of the view.

Now we will create the external boundary. In RS3, the external boundary may be

automatically generated or user-defined. For this tutorial we will use an

automatically generated external boundary.

Select: Boundaries Add External

You will see the Create External Boundary dialog. We will use the default settings of

“Boundary Type” = Box and “Expansion Factor” = 3. Select OK and the external

boundary will be automatically created.

The RS3 Modeler is designed with the editor on the left side of the screen and the 3D

viewer on the right. You may rotate the 3D view with your mouse by clicking and

dragging as desired. The editor window allows the user to design in 2D x-y space,

which is extruded in the positive z-direction. The 3D model can then be composed of

a number of extruded x-y “slices”. Let’s take a look at the slices dialog.

Select: Slices Edit Slices

The Edit Slice Properties dialog allows you to change the number of slices and

extrusion thickness of each slice. For this tutorial we will use one slice with an

extrusion of 50 meters in the z-direction. Change the “Size (m)” of Slice #1 to 50

meters. Select OK.


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Materials

Next we will move to the Materials & Staging tab to assign the materials and properties of our model. This tab also allows you to assign any excavated region of

your model.

Select: Properties Define Materials

Enter the following properties for “Material 1”

Enter Name = Mudstone, Young’ s Modulus = 80000 kPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3.

Select OK.

Since you entered these properties in Material 1, you do not have to assign these

properties to the model; RS3 automatically assigns the Material 1 properties for you.

You may add additional materials by clicking the “Add +” button. If you add

additional materials, you will have to use the Assign option to assign these materials

to the model. We will deal with assigning properties in following tutorials.


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Note: The Strength Parameters were not altered since we are doing an elastic

analysis. When doing an elastic analysis, the stresses and displacements are not

affected by the strength parameters. Only when doing a plastic analysis can the

stresses and displacements be affected by the strength parameters (due to yielding of

the material).

ExcavateStill within the Materials/Staging tab, we wish to excavate inside our excavation

boundary.

Select: Properties Assign Properties

1. Select the Excavate button at the bottom of the Assign

Properties dialog.

2. A small cross-hair icon ( + ) will appear at the end of

the cursor. Excavate anywhere within an excavation

boundary by placing the cross-hair over the region in the

2D editor and left clicking the mouse button.

3. The region within the excavation boundary will

disappear, indicating that the region is now excavated.

Notice that this region also disappears in the 3D view.

4. Select the X button at the upper right to close the

Assign dialog (or press Escape twice: once to exit the

“Excavate” mode, and once to close the dialog).

Field Stress

In this tutorial we will not be modeling a supported excavation or working with

groundwater, so next we will skip to the Loading & Restraints tab. This tab allows

you to edit the loading and boundary conditions.

Select: Loading Field Stress

The Field Stress Properties dialog allows the user to specify the stress type acting on

the model: constant field stress or gravity stress. The stress orientation may also be

changed if desired. For this tutorial, we will orientate the field stress using vectors.

Enter the field stress as follows:

1. Select the “Constant” field stress option from the drop down menu.

2. Enter “Sigma 1” = 20 kPa, “Sigma 2” = 10 kPa, “Sigma 3” = 10 kPa 3. Select the “Vector” orientation option and enter the following vectors:

a. “Sigma 1”: [0 -1 0]

b. “Sigma 3”: [1 0 0]

4. Select OK.


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Boundary Conditions

Still within the Loading & Restraints tab, we must assign restraints to the external

boundary of the model.

RS3 has a built in “Auto R estrain” tool for use on underground models which we can

utilize for this tutorial.

Select: Displacements Auto Restrain (Underground)

RS3 automatically inserts pins which restrain displacements in all of the xyz-

directions around the external boundary.

You’ll notice in the “Displacements” menu there is also an option for “Auto Restrain

(Surface)”. This is generally for use when modeling in “Foundation Mode” with thetop surface being unrestrained. This is not the case in this tutorial.

Meshing

Next we move to the Mesh tab. Here we may specify the mesh type and

discretization density for our model. For this tutorial, we will use a 10-node finite

element mesh type. This is not the default mesh parameter so we will need to

customize the mesh.

Select: Mesh Mesh Setup

The Mesh Setup dialog appears. This dialog allows you to customize parameters of

your mesh. We want to use a graded, 10-noded element mesh. We must change the

“Element Type” to “10 Noded Tetrahedron”. Change the “Number of Nodes on All

Excavations” to 40. Select “Mesh”. You will see the green status bar indicating that

the mesh is complete, it should only take a few seconds. Select OK.


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The mesh is now generated and the status bar should show the total number of

elements and nodes in the mesh.

Your model should look like the one below:

Results

Next we move to the Results tab. From this tab we can comupte and analyze the

results of our model.

First, save your model as Tutorial 01 Quick Start.rs3.

Select: File Save

Use the Save As dialog to save the file. You are now ready to compute the results.

Select: Analysis Compute

The RS3 Compute engine will perform the required finite element calculations. This

computation may take a few minutes; however, more complex models may take a

much longer time to compute.


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Once computation is complete, the Compute engine automatically disappears and the

results are available immediately. Note: the compute function is available from allworkflow tabs (ie. Geometry, Materials & Staging, etc…) once the model is meshed.

On the top right corner of the Results tab, you should see two drop down menus:

The “Element” drop down menu allows you to view the results for solids, liners,

joints, bolts and beams. For this tutorial we want to view the results for “Solids”.

Ensure “Solids” is selected from the Element drop down menu.

We will analyze a number of different “Data Type” results. Let’s turn on the exterior

contours so we can see some results.

Select: Interpret Show Exterior Contour

Major Principal Stress

From the “Data Type” drop down menu on the top right corner of the RS3 Results

tab, select “Solid Total Stress -> Sigma 1 Total”. Use your mouse to rotate and

explore the exterior contour.


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Notice the legend on the right corner of the results viewer. It also gives you a

summary of the maximum and minimum values of the data being viewed for the

current stage and all stages in the model. Our model is a simple single stage model so

these values should be the same.

Let’s turn off the exterior contour so we can view some other contour types.

Reselect: Interpret Show Exterior Contour

There are a number of different ways to view contours in RS3. The following options

allow you to insert planes of contours at different orientations.

Select: Interpret Add Solid Contour XY Plane

In the command line (prompt) at the bottom of the screen, enter a z-coordinate of 25,

then press enter twice to insert the contour at that location.

You can move inserted contour planes in their adjacent direction by clicking and

dragging around the boundary of each plane.

You can see a stress concentration around the bottom corners of the tunnel. Now

let’s delete this query plane by right-clicking the edge and selecting “Delete

Contour”.

Let’s also take a look at the contour for only the excavation boundary. To do this we

turn on the inner contour.

Select: Interpret Show Excavation Contour

Explore the contour around the excavation by rotating and panning the model with

your mouse.


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Total Displacement

Now let’s take a look at displacement. From the “Data Type” drop down menu select

“Solid Displacement -> Total Displacement”. You’ll notice the contour and legend

change to provide the results for the data type you’ve selected. As expected, the

contours indicate the highest amount of displacement at the midspan of the tunnel.

Since the ends of the tunnel are restrained in the xyz-directions, we expect to seezero displacement a these ends.

Deformation Vectors

Let’s display some deformation vectors to understand the directions in which the

excavation will deform.

Select the following icon from the toolbar:

You’ll notice the contour turns into a large number of vectors. Each vector indicates

the direction of deformation of the solid, while the colour still corresponds to the

legend and amount of displacement.

We can customize the length and spacing of the vectors from the contour options

menu.

Select: View Display Options

1. Select the “Mesh / Results” tab.

2. Set the “Custom Vector Spacing” to 1. Check the ‘Custom Deform/Vector

Length” option and set it to 2.

Zoom in and pan around the excavation for a closer look.


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Turn off the deformation vectors by reselecting the icon above.

Queries

Now let’s execute a query so we can numerically graph the displacement observed by the contour plots.

Select: Interpret Add Line Query

Enter the following information in the command (prompt) line at the bottom right

corner of the RS3 Results Viewer window. Press Enter after typing in each pair of

coordinates or command.

Enter vertex[t=table,i=circle,esc=cancel]: 0 0 25

Enter vertex[...]: 0 -30 25

Enter vertex[...]: Press Enter

You will see the Specify Query Locations dialog

Select the “At each vertex, and at __ points… ” option

Set the number of evenly spaced points = 30Select OK

You will notice a query line with 30 evenly spaced points has been inserted in the

model. Note: the colour of this query line corresponds directly to the legend. Right-

click this line and select “Graph Data”.


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The Graph Query Data dialogue will appear. Select “Plot” to plot the queried data on

a line graph. The graph should appear in a new RS3 tab and look like the one below:

The maximum displacement on the graph corresponds to the maximum displacement

on the contour plot. Close the query graph by closing its tab in the lower left corner

of the screen.

Right click on the query line and select “Delete Query” to remove the query from the

model.

Data Tips

A useful feature of RS3 are the popup Data Tips which allows the user to obtain

model and analysis information by simply placing the mouse cursor over any model

entity.


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To enable Data Tips, click on the box in the Status Bar (at the bottom of the RS3

application window), which says “DATA TIPS”. When you click on this box, it will

toggle through three different Data Tip modes (including Off mode). Click on this

box until it displays “Data Tips Max”.

Now move the mouse cursor over the model and you will see that the material

properties of the rock mass are displayed when the cursor is placed anywhere within

the material.

Data Tips can also be toggled using the Data Tips sub-menu within the View menu.

Info Viewer

The Info Viewer option in the Analysis menu, or the toolbar, displays a summary of

RS3 input parameters and analysis results.

Select: Analysis Info Viewer

The RS3 Analysis Information should open in a new application tab. Scroll through it

to see what information is available to you.

Using the checkboxes on the right, you may control what information the info viewer provides. This helps in eliminating unnecessary information for use in reports etc.

The Info Viewer information can be copied to the clipboard using the Copy option in

the Edit menu or by right-clicking in the viewer and selecting “Copy”. From the

clipboard, the information can be pasted into word processing programs for report

writing. The Info Viewer can also be saved to an html file using the Save option in

the right-click menu or the File menu.


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Close the Info Viewer tab by selecting the grey X in the upper right corner of the

view.

Exporting Images

In RS3, various options are available for exporting image files. The Export Image

option in the File menu allows you to save the current view.

Select: File Export Export Image File

The following six image formats are available:

• JPEG (*.jpg)

• Windows Bitmap (*.bmp)

• Windows Enhanced Metafile (*.emf)

• Windows Metafile (*.wmf)

• GIF (*.gif)

• PNG (*.png)

The current view can also be copied to the Windows clipboard using the “Copy

Bitmap” option in Edit menu. This will place a bitmap image on the clipboard which

can be pasted directly into word or image processing applications.

This concludes the Quick Start tutorial. Enjoy using RS3!

Tutorial 01 QuickStart RS3

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