Turning at Intersections Right TurnRight Turn Approach to IntersectionApproach to Intersection...

Turning at Intersections

• Right Turn• Approach to Intersection• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight• Speed Adjustment• Lane Position• Turning Reference Point• Courtesy Considerations

T – 4.18

Topic 3 Lesson 1

Target

Turning at Intersections

• Left Turn• Approach to Intersection• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight• Speed Adjustment• Lane Position• Turning Reference Point• Courtesy Considerations

Topic 3 Lesson 1

T – 4.19

Lane ChangesTopic 3 Lesson 2

Visual checks for lane change to the RIGHT.

Visual checks for lane change to the LEFT.• Traffic Check• Effective

Communication • Appropriate Gap • Reduced-Risk

Decision• Courtesy

Considerations• Steering Input • Lane Position• Recheck Traffic• Establish Space

• check zones ahead (zones 1 and 2)• check zones to the rear (zones 4 and 6)

• check zones ahead (zones 1 and 3)• check zones to the rear (zones 5 and 6)

BLINDSPOT

BLINDSPOT

T – 4.20

Rear-View Mirror Setting

Rear-View Mirror

T – 4.21

Topic 3 Lesson 2

Traditional and Contemporary (BGE) Mirror Setting

Rear Mirror View

Right Side Mirror View

Left Side Mirror View

Traditional Mirror Settings

T – 4.22

Topic 3 Lesson 3

Contemporary (BGE) Mirror Settings

Rear Mirror View

Right Side Mirror View

Left Side Mirror View

15º

15º

T – 4.23

Topic 3 Lesson 3

Turning AroundTopic 4 Lesson 1

T – 4.24

• Check traffic flow.

• Signal and position the vehicle 2-3 feet from curb.

• Drive beyond the driveway and stop.

• Shift to Reverse, monitor intended path of travel.

• Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to the right as you enter driveway.

• Straighten wheels, centering car in driveway and stop with the wheels straight.

• Signal left and exit driveway when the way is clear.

Back into driveway on right side

Two-Point Turns

• Approach• Communication• Target Areas• Path of Travel• Line of Sight

• Reference Points• Speed Control• Lane Position • Courtesy Considerations

1

2

3


T – 4.25

• Check traffic flow.• Signal and position your vehicle 3-6 inches from

center yellow line.• When traffic is clear, pull into the driveway and

stop.• Shift to Reverse, monitor intended path.• Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to

the right as you exit driveway.• Straighten wheels, centering car in proper lane.• Shift into Drive. Check traffic and accelerate to

normal speed.

• Reference Points• Speed Control• Lane Position • Courtesy Considerations


Two-Point Turns

Pull into driveway on left side

1

2

3


T – 4.26


124

35

Three-point Turn

NOTE: The safest way to change direction is to drive around the block!

•References•Speed Control•Lane Position•Courtesy Considerations

T – 4.27

Angle ParkingTopic 5 Lesson 1

Parking at a 30 Degree Angle to the Curb

Signal intention and position vehicle 3-5 feet from the space in which the vehicle is to be parked. Move forward until the steering wheel is aligned with the first pavement line. Visually target the middle of the parking space and turn the wheel sharply at a slow, controlled speed. Steer toward the target in the center of the space to straighten the wheels and stop when the front bumper is 3-6 inches from the curb.

Perpendicular ParkingTopic 5 Lesson 1

Parking at a 90 Degree Angle to the Curb

T – 4.28

Signal intention and position the vehicle 5 – 6 feet away from the space.

Move forward until the driver’s body is aligned with the first pavement line.

Visually target the center of the parking space and turn the wheel rapidly while controlling speed.

Steer towards the target and straighten the wheels.

Position the front bumper 3 – 6 inches from the curb.

Parallel ParkingTopic 5 Lesson 1

T – 4.29

Parking Parallel to the Curb

Select a space that is at least five feet longer than your vehicle. Flash your brake lights and put on your turn signal as you approach the space. Monitor the traffic to the rear. Place your vehicle 2 – 3 feet from the vehicle you want to park behind with back bumpers even. Put your vehicle in Reverse. Back slowly and turn the steering wheel sharply. Stop when your steering wheel is aligned with the back bumper of the front vehicle. Continue backing slowly while steering sharply in the opposite direction. Use quick glances to the front and rear. Center the vehicle in the space. Wheels should be 6 – 12 inches from the curb.

Hill Parking

Down Hill

T – 4.30

Topic 5 Lesson 1

When parking on a hill, you need to take special precautions to ensure your vehicle will not roll into the street and into traffic.

Up Hill + Curb

Up Hill - Curb •Approach

•Communication•Target Areas•Path of Travel•Line of Sight•Speed Adjustment•Lane Position•Reference Points•Courtesy Considerations

Processing Information

T – 5.2

Topic 1 Lesson 1

• SEARCH for objects or conditions;

• EVALUTE the path ahead for alternate paths of travel; and

• EXECUTE any needed adjustments in speed or position in Time

Visibility is critical to the SEEiT Space Management System

More detailed information on SEEiT system may be reviewed in Module 4.

The driver must:

Field of Vision

T – 5.3

Topic 1 Lesson 2

90 percent of driving decisions are based on information gathered with the eyes.

Area a Driver Can See While Looking Straight Ahead

Peripheral Vision

Central Vision

Focus Vision

Motion & Color Changes

Targeting

(Reading Signs)

Viewing Path of Travel

Search PracticesTopic 1 Lesson 2

Where to search involves identifying objects or conditions that increase your level of risk and adjusting your speed or vehicle position in time to minimize these risks.

When to search involves systematically scanning the driving environment. The defensive driver constantly monitors the conditions around the vehicle, especially before initiating any maneuver

How to search involves looking in a pattern that goes from 20 – 30 seconds ahead of the vehicle to the dashboard, as well as to the left, right, and to the rear of the vehicle.

T – 5.4

Searching

Position of Vehicle

Speed of Vehicle

T – 5.5

Topic 1 Lesson 2

Looking for Clues from Other Drivers

Actions of the Driver

Distractions

• Cell Phone

• Passengers

Lost

Impaired

Vehicle Signals• Turning• Backing• Hazard Lights• Hand Signals

Headlights

Horn

Brake Lights

Managing Visual SearchesTopic 1 Lesson 2

T – 5.6

Search far ahead to identify potential conflicts• Objects in Path of Travel

• Limitations to Line of Sight

20- to 30-Second Search Area

Target Area

20- to 30-sec. 12- to

15-sec.4- to 8-sec.

Managing Visual SearchesTopic 1 Lesson 2

T – 5.6a

Search for Closed or Changing Path of Travel

Identify an Alternate Path of Travel or a Safe Stopping Zone

Evaluate Open Zones to the Sides and Rear

12- to 15-Second Search Area

20- to 30-sec.

12- to 15-sec. 4- to 8-

sec.

Managing Visual Searches

4- to 8-Second Search Area• Immediate Path of Travel

• Direct Response Area

• Stopping Zone and Following Interval

T – 5.7

Topic 1 Lesson 2

20- to 30-sec.

12- to 15-sec.

4- to 8-sec.

Determining Following Intervals

Two second following interval at speeds less than 35 mph

•allows the driver time to steer out of problem areas on dry surfaces

•designed for use if there is an alternate path of travel

T – 5.8

Topic 1 Lesson 2

Four second following interval at speeds up to 65 mph

•allows the driver time to steer out of problem areas on dry surfaces

•allows the driver time to stop before problem areas on dry surfaces

Alternate Path of Travel

• Traffic Controls

• Motor Vehicles

• Non-Motorized Users

• Roads

Visual Search Categories

T – 5.9

Topic 1 Lesson 3

Intersections

Processing Highway Conditions

Roadway Structure•Width•Curbing•Curves•Slopes

Roadway Surface•Roughness•Slick•Wet Leaves•Mud•Sand

Roadway Features

•Shoulders

•Affixed Objects

•Adjacent Buildings

Atmosphere

•Illumination

•Glare

•Precipitation

•Wind/Noise

T – 5.10

Topic 1 Lesson 3

Highway

Conditions

Processing TRAFFIC CONTROL Devices

Signs•Regulatory•Warning •Guide•RR

Signals

•Stop/Go

•Lane Usage

•Flashing

T – 5.11

Topic 1 Lesson 3

Interchanges

Roadway Markings•Passing•Traffic Flow•Crosswalks

Unmarked Intersections

Sensory Input to the Brain

Motor Vehicles

Road Handling Characteristics

Type•Automobile

•SUV

•Camper

•Pick-up

•Motor Home

•Motorcycle

•Farm Machines

•Tractor-Trailer

T – 5.12

Topic 1 Lesson 3

Drivers must understand the handling characteristics of other motor vehicles sharing the roadway.

Non-Motorized Users…

• KIND AND SIZE

• NUMBERS

• AGE OF RIDER

• ACTIVITY

• RIDER ABILITY

In-Line Skates,Skateboards

Pedestrians

Bicycles

T – 5.13

Topic 1 Lesson 3

present special processing challenges

Animals

Positioning the VehicleTopic 1 Lesson 4

T – 5.14

Vehicle Placement is Critical for Establishing a Good Visual Field

Controlling Space to the Front

Lane Position

Staggered Stops

Maintaining Space/Visibility to the Front

T – 5.14a

Topic 1 Lesson 4

Three ways to control space in front of the vehicle:

1. Time your Arrival – adjust speed early to avoid unnecessary braking, stops, and to conserve fuel

2. Forward Placement at an Intersection – maintain a position that allows you to monitor the intersection

3. Following Interval -- control space while in motion to establish a space cushion and open line of sight

Lane Position

Create Space and Improve Visibility by Adjusting the Position of the Vehicle in the Lane

Lane Positions – 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

T – 5.15

Within Lane Positions Straddle Lane Positions

Topic 1 Lesson 4

LP 3

LP 2

LP 4

LP 5

LP 1

Staggered Stops

Stop your vehicle (RED car) behind the white stop bar

Select Lane Position 3 to give the truck as much space as possible

T – 5.16

Topic 1 Lesson 4

Improving Visibility and Creating Space for a Truck Making a Left Turn

Turning at Intersections Right TurnRight Turn Approach to IntersectionApproach to Intersection...

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