1

Turner® Spectrophotometer

LT1102X4 • 6/10/02

OPERATING MANUAL MODEL SP-830

Model # VoltageSM110215 115VSM110210-33 230V

with European cord set

2

Table of Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 3Important Information .................................................................................................................................. 3Safety Information ....................................................................................................................................... 3General Usage ............................................................................................................................................ 3Theory ......................................................................................................................................................... 4Working Principle ......................................................................................................................................... 6Specifications .............................................................................................................................................. 7Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................................................................ 8Function Description .................................................................................................................................... 9

Front Panel Description ......................................................................................................................... 9Built-in Stray Light Filter Selection ...................................................................................................... 10Rear Panel Description ....................................................................................................................... 10

Installation ........................................................................................................................................................ 11Unpacking .................................................................................................................................................. 11Standard Equipment .................................................................................................................................. 11Environmental Conditions .......................................................................................................................... 12Installation ................................................................................................................................................. 12

Operation ......................................................................................................................................................... 13Pre-Operation Check Procedure ............................................................................................................... 13

Wavelength Selection.......................................................................................................................... 13Operation of Model SP-830 ....................................................................................................................... 14Message Code Interpretation .................................................................................................................... 15

General Cleaning Instructions .................................................................................................................... 15Maintenance..................................................................................................................................................... 16

Replacing the Lamp ................................................................................................................................... 16Realigning the Lamp .................................................................................................................................. 16

RS-232C and Printer ........................................................................................................................................ 18Operation ................................................................................................................................................... 18Setting ....................................................................................................................................................... 18

DIP Switch Setting Table ..................................................................................................................... 18Baud Rate Setting Table ..................................................................................................................... 18

Warranty ........................................................................................................................................................... 19

3

Introduction

Congratulations on your purchase of a Turner®

Spectrophotometer.

IntroductionThe model SP-830 is a digital microprocessor controlledvisible spectrophotometer, providing photometric read-out of transmittance and absorbance. Thespectrophotometer has the following unique features:

1. Auto Zero2. Built-in Stray Light Filters3. Dual-use Sample Compartment for Either Square or

Round Cuvettes4. RS-232C and Printer (optional) Interfaces

Please read the instructions carefully to ensure that youreceive maximum benefit from your spectrophotometer.Also, be sure to complete and return the enclosedwarranty registration card. The information requested willallow us to provide you proper warranty coverage.

Important InformationThis manual contains important operating and safetyinformation. You must carefully read and understand thecontents of this manual prior to using this equipment.

Safety InformationYour Turner Spectrophotometer has been designed withfunction, reliability, and safety in mind. It is the user'sresponsibility to install it in conformance with localelectrical codes. For safe operation, please pay attentionto the alert boxes throughout the manual.

General UsageDo not use this product for anything other than itsintended usage.

WarningWarnings alert you to apossibility of personal injury.

CautionCautions alert you to apossibility of damage to theequipment.

NoteNotes alert you to pertinentfacts and conditions.

4

INTRODUCTION

TheoryA spectrophotometer is primarily used to identify unknownsubstances and determine their concentrations. Thefollowing principles outline how this is accomplished.

1. Matter absorbs energy when it interacts with an energysource such as light.

2. Due to its distinctive electronic structure, eachsubstance absorbs energy between certain energylevels. These energy levels are specific to thatchemical substance.

3. Since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength,E=hc/λ (where h is Plank’s constant, c is the speed oflight, and λ is the wavelength of light), each substancehas a characteristic absorption spectrum.

For example, hydrogen absorbs light at the followingwavelengths in the visible region: 410.7nm, 433.8nm,485.7nm and 657.9nm. We can verify the existence ofhydrogen in an unknown sample by comparing thewavelengths actually absorbed by the unknown sample tohydrogen’s known absorption spectrum.

Therefore, a device, namely your spectrophotometer, isrequired to measure the absorption in order to identify anunknown substance. A spectrophotometer measures theamount of light absorbed at distinct wavelengths of incidentlight. As a result, a graph of the amount of absorbed lightat various wavelengths can be plotted (absorbance vs.wavelength), as shown in Figure 1. This is known as anabsorption spectrum. Such a graph can be used to identifythe presence of a particular substance.

The concentration of an unknown sample can also bedetermined. When a light beam is incident to a sample,part is absorbed and part is transmitted. The transmittance(T) is defined as the ratio of the transmitted intensity of thelight beam (It) to the initial intensity of the light beam (Io), orT= It / Io.

The absorbance (A) is defined as

A=log (1/T)

(nm)

Figure 1 Absorption Spectrum

Wavelength (nm)

Ab

sorb

ance

5

It is found that absorbance is directly proportional toconcentration:

A=e b C

where A is the absorbance, C is the concentration (mol/L), b is the pathlength of the sample (cm), and e is aconstant called the molar absorptivity (L/mol-cm).

This linear relationship between absorbance andconcentration is called Beer’s Law.

The concentration of an unknown sample can bedetermined by using Beer’s Law and preparing astandard curve. A standard curve is prepared bymeasuring the absorbance of a series of knownstandards at different concentrations. The absorbancevs. concentration is then plotted for each standard(represented by x in Figure 2). A linear relationshipbetween the absorbance and concentration should thenbe observed (straight line in Figure 2) and a linearstandard curve is thus prepared. It is then possible todetermine the concentration of an unknown sample bymeasuring its absorbance and comparing it to thestandard curve. The concentration of the unknown canthen be determined as shown by the dotted line in Figure 2.

Therefore, if we have a “standard” sample with a knownabsorbance and concentration, it is easy to determine anunknown concentration of a sample of the samesubstance by measuring its absorbance and applyingBeer’s Law.

INTRODUCTION

Figure 2 Standard Curve(Beer’s Law)

6

Working PrincipleA spectrophotometer consists of five basic parts:

1. Light source to supply electromagnetic energy.2. Monochromator to isolate the wavelength of interest

and eliminate the unwanted second order radiation.3. Sample compartment to accommodate the sample

solution.4. Detector to receive the transmitted light and convert it

to an electrical signal.5. Digital or analog display to indicate absorbance or

transmittance.

The block diagram to the left illustrates the relationshipamong these parts.

In your spectrophotometer, a light beam from the lamp isfocused on the entrance slit of the monochromator andpasses into the monochromator. In the monochromator, thecollimating mirror directs the beam to the grating. Thegrating disperses the light beam to produce the spectrum.A portion of the spectrum is focused onto the exit slit of themonochromator by the collimating mirror, thereby selectingthe wavelength of light to be used. From here the beampasses through a stray light filter which helps eliminateunwanted second order radiation. The beam then entersthe sample compartment where it passes through thesample. The sample may absorb a portion of the lightbeam. Upon leaving the sample compartment, the beamthen falls on the silicon diode (detector). The intensity ofthe light beam causes the detector to produce an electricalsignal. This electrical signal is then converted totransmittance or absorbance and displayed.

INTRODUCTION

Monochromator

SampleCompartment

Detector

Display

LightSource

7

SpecificationsWavelength Range 330-999nm

Bandwidth Pass 8nm (nominal)Wavelength Accuracy +/- 2nmWavelength Repeatability +/- 0.5nmWavelength Setting ManualZero & Blank Setting AutomaticFilter Selection ManualDisplay 3 1/2 DigitModes

Transmittance 0 ~100%TAbsorbance 0 ~ 2A

Photometric Accuracy 1% at 1APhotometric Linearity 1%Stability Drifting 0.003A/hr

after half hour warm-up at 0A

Signal Processing Digital, MicroprocessorStray Light 0.1%T typical at 340nm,

<0.5%T 330-999nmCuvettes A. Round cuvettes

10-13mm in diameter;B. Square cuvettes12.5 x 12.5 x 45mm,1 cm path length(optional-34F01-04);C. Vacuum emptycuvette (optional-AYX9)

Power 115/230V ~ a.c. 50/60Hz(switchable)

Analog Output 0.00-1.00VInterface RS-232C,

Printer (optional)Dimension 400mm(W) x 300mm(D)

x 145mm(H)Weight 9.0kgs

INTRODUCTION

8

Declaration of Conformity

Barnstead International hereby declares under its soleresponsibility that this product conforms with the technicalrequirements of the following standards (applies to -33model(s) only):

EMC: EN 50081-1 Generic EmissionStandard

EN 50082-1 Generic ImmunityStandard

Safety: IEC 1010-1-92 Safety requirementsfor electrical equip-ment for measure-ment, control andlaboratory use;Part I: GeneralRequirements

per the provisions of the Electromagnetic CompatabilityDirective 89/336/EEC, as amended by 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC, and per the provisions of the Low VoltageDirective 73/23/EEC, as amended by 93/68/EEC.

The authorized representative located within the EuropeanCommunity is:

European ManagerBarnstead InternationalSaarbrückener Str. 248D-38116 BraunschweigGermany

Copies of the Declaration of Conformity are available uponrequest.

INTRODUCTION

9

Function Description

Front Panel Description1. TRANS/ABS button

Selects between Transmittance and Absorbancemodes.

2. 100%T/0A buttonSets the instrument to 100% Transmittance or zeroabsorbance.

3. FUNCTION buttonDirects the output to RS-232C or Printer interface.

4. DISPLAY panelDisplays %T or ABS value.

5. WAVELENGTH dialSets the desired wavelength.

6. WAVELENGTH displayDisplays the wavelength.

7. Sample CompartmentFor round cuvettes or square cuvettes.

INTRODUCTION

10

Rear Panel Description1. RS-232C2. DIP switch3. Printer (optional)4. Analog Output5. Fan6. Power Switch7. Fuses (2 required)8. Power Socket9. 115V/230V Voltage Switch

FusesSpectrophotometer comes with two ( 2) fuses of theappropriate amperage installed. In addition, two (2) sparefuses are included as standard equipment.

Description Part No.SP830 Spectrophotometer, 120V SM110215(Two 1.0 Amp fuses required) (5120-0016)SP830 Spectrophotometer, 230V SM110210-33(Two 0.5 Amp fuses required) (FZX35)

INTRODUCTION

11

UnpackingThe package contains the items listed below. Unpack thecarton and inspect carefully. If any part is damaged ormissing, contact your dealer immediately.

Save the packing materials in case the unit needs to berepacked or returned for service.

Standard Equipment

QTY DESCRIPTION PART #

1 Model 830 Spectrophotometer115V SM110215230V SM110210-33

1 Power cord 115V CRX72230V CRX70

6 Round borosilicate cuvettes 34F01-152 Fuses

115V (1.0 Amp, 250V, Type T) 5120-0016230V (0.5 Amp, 250V, Type T) FZX35

1 Operator’s manual LT1102X4

Installation

12

Installation1. Place the spectrophotometer on a solid and level

surface in a dry, clean environment.2. Confirm that the correct line voltage is set by checking

the voltage switch (next to the power socket) on therear panel of the instrument.

3. Attach the power cord by inserting one end of the cordinto a grounded wall outlet and the other end into thepower socket at the rear of the instrument.

4. Turn the power on by changing the rocker switch at therear of the spectrophotometer.

5. Allow the spectrophotometer to warm up for at least 20minutes to allow the electronic components to stabilize.

INSTALLATION

Environmental ConditionsOperating: 17°C - 27°C; 20% - 80% relative

humidity, non-condensing. Installation Category II (over-voltage) in accordance with IEC 664. Pollution Degree 2 inaccordance with IEC 664. Altitude limit: 2,000 meters.

Storage: -25°C - 65°C; 10% - 85% relativehumidity.

NoteThe correct line voltage has beenselected and preset according tothe model (115V or 230V). This isindicated with the selector at therear panel.

The correct fuse has been se-lected and pre-installed accordingto the model (115V or 230V): 1.0Afor 115V or 0.5A for 230V.

13

Operation

Pre-Operation Check ProcedureYour spectrophotometer was fully checked and alignedbefore shipping. However, after installation, a short pre-check should be performed before the first use of thisinstrument.

1. Set the stray light filter selector wheel, located insidethe sample compartment, to position 1.

2. Set the wavelength dial to 340nm.3. Press the 100% T/0A button. The display should

show 100.0 while in the TRANS (transmittance)mode and 0.000 in the ABS (absorption) mode.Indicator lights below the main display indicatewhether the unit is in the transmittance or in theabsorbance mode. To change the mode setting,press the TRANS/ABS button on the front panel ofthe unit.

4. If the LED display shows Err-3 or Err-4, the lampalignment may have shifted during shipment. Referto the section entitled Realigning the Lamp for moreinformation.

Wavelength Selection

The wavelength range of the spectrophotometer is330nm to 999nm. Refer to the chart below.

Dial in Wavelengthswithin this range

330nm 999nm

CautionDo not turn the wavelength dialabove 999nm or below 330nm.Overturning the wavelength dialcan cause damage to the leadscrew that controls the wavelengthselection dial.

14

Operation of Model SP-8301. Turn the power on, and allow the spectrophotometer

to warm up for at least 20 minutes. Display shouldshow (❏❏❏❏ ).

2. Fill a cuvette with the solvent that will be used to zerothe spectrophotometer. This is the blank (or back-ground) solvent that your sample is dissolved in.

3. Place the cuvette in the cuvette holder in the samplecompartment.

4. Turn the wavelength dial to the desired wavelength.

5. Set the stray light filter to the appropriate setting, asnoted on the underside of the sample compartmentlid. Use the stray light filter position that brackets thewavelength you selected in step 4. For example, ifyou selected a wavelength of 500nm, use filterposition 3, 482-736nm. (500nm is between 482nmand 736nm).

6. Close the sample compartment lid.

7. Select Transmittance or Absorbance mode bypressing the TRANS/ABS button. The appropriatelight will be illuminated under the display, indicatingTransmittance or Absorbance mode.

8. Using the blank solution, zero the instrument bypressing the 100% T/0A button. The display willshow 100.0 in the transmittance mode or 0.000 whenin the absorbance mode.

9. Carefully open the sample compartment and removethe cuvette.

10. Insert a cuvette containing the sample to be ana-lyzed into the sample compartment. The cuvetteshould be oriented the same as the cuvette used tozero the blank solution.

11. Close the sample compartment door. The transmit-tance or absorbance of the sample solution is shownon the display.

12. Repeat steps 9-11 for more samples that are to betested at the same wavelength. For different wave-lengths, repeat steps 2-11. The spectrophotometershould be rezeroed with a blank solution, every timethe wavelength is changed.

OPERATION

CautionDo not turn the wavelength dialabove 999nm or below 330nm.Overturning the wavelength dialcan cause damage to the leadscrew that controls the wavelengthselection dial.

WarningThe lamp is hot during operationand for a period of time followingoperation. Use caution to avoidpersonal injury.

15

Message Code InterpretationIf there is a problem, the LED display on yourspectrophotometer will flash a message code thatindicates the type and source of the problem. Check tomake sure the filter wheel is in the correct positionbefore interpreting these message codes.

❏❏❏❏ Set Blank.– – – – Blanking procedure is taking place.Err 0 Instrument has malfunctioned.

Call for service

Err 1 Blank solution exceeds range.1. Check blank solution.2. Check to make sure the wavelength

and filter position match.

3. Realign the lamp.Err 2 Light source intensity is too strong

1. Check to make sure the wavelengthand filter position match.

2. Check to make sure the top cover isproperly closed.

3. Realign the lamp.Err 3 Light source intensity is too weak

1. Check to make sure the wavelengthand filter position match.

2. Realign the lamp.Err 4 Stray light is too much

1. Check to make sure the top cover isproperly closed.

2. Realign the lamp.

If all the remedy steps fail, please call for service.

General Cleaning InstructionsWipe exterior surfaces with a dampened cloth containinga mild soap solution.

OPERATION

16

NoteFollowing is the procedure ofgetting into or out of function modeduring the operation.

To get into the function mode:

1. Press and hold TRANS/ABSbutton, then push FUNCTIONbutton two times, and release thebutton. After the display shows theself-test cycle, push TRANS/ABSbutton to get into the functionmode.

To get out of the function mode:

2. Press and hold TRANS/ABSbutton, then push 100%T/0Abutton once and release thebutton. After the display showsthe self-test cycle, press andhold TRANS/ABS again, push100% T/0A button once, andrelease the button. When thedisplay shows ❏❏❏❏ , the instru-ment is out of function mode andready for blanking.

Maintenance

Replacing the Lamp1. Open the door on the right hand side of the spectropho-

tometer. Push and twist the lamp counterclockwise toremove the lamp from the holder.

2. Insert the new lamp into the socket and carefully rotateclockwise until it locks into position.

3. Carefully wipe fingerprints off the lamp with asmall tissue.

4. Turn the power on and allow the spectrophotometerto warm up for at least 20 minutes.

5. Perform steps 1-3 of the Pre-Operation CheckProcedure (page 13). If realignment of lamp is re-quired, refer to the section Realigning the Lamp formore information.

Realigning the LampAn ERROR message on the LED display may indicate thatthe lamp must be realigned. To realign the lamp:

1. Set the stray light filter selector wheel to position 1 andset wavelength to 330nm.

2. Press and hold down both the TRANS/ABS and 100%T/0A buttons while switching on the power to thespectrophotometer. Then, release the buttons. Thistests the LED display.

3. Press the TRANS/ABS button, F1-0 should appear onthe display. This will then be replaced with a 3 or 4 digitnumerical value. If the value shown is lower than 500,continue as follows to align the lamp. If the value ishigher than 500, and the ERROR message is still beingdisplayed, call for service.

CautionUnplug your spectrophotometerbefore replacing the lamp.

The lamp is hot when operating.Wait a few minutes before touchingthe lamp.

17

4. Open the door on the right hand side of the spectro-photometer. Move the lamp holder forward andbackward to vary the position of the lamp until thehighest value (intensity of the light) is obtained. Ifnecessary, rotate the lamp in the holder. The valuemust be higher than 500.

5. Close the door and turn off the power.

6. Turn the power on again. Set the stray light filterselector wheel to position 1 and set the wavelengthdial to 330nm. Do not turn the wavelength dialbelow 330nm or above 999nm.

7. Press the 100%T/0A button.

8. The display should show 100.0 for TRANS modeor 0.000 for ABS mode. If so, the realignment hasbeen completed.

9. If the ERROR message is still displayed, replace thelamp with a new one. Refer to the section “Replac-ing the Lamp” on page 16.

MAINTENANCE

CautionDo not turn the wavelength dialabove 999nm or below 330nm.Overturning the wavelength dialcan cause damage to the leadscrew that controls the wavelengthselection dial.

18

RS-232C and Printer

The model SP-830 allows the displayed transmittance orabsorbance value to be transferred through either the RS-232C or printer interface.

Operation1. Make sure the DIP switch settings are correct. The

DIP switch is located on the rear panel ofthe spectrophotometer.

2. If the settings are incorrect, turn off the power and resetthe DIP switch settings.

3. Make sure the connector of the RS-232C or printer iswell connected.

4. Press “FUNCTION” button to transmit the data.

Setting

DIP Switch Setting Table

Baud Rate Setting Table

#hctiwS snoitcnuF NO FFOyrotcaFgnitteS

1WS tceleSFFO/NOC232-SR NO FFO NO

2WSgnitteSetaRduaBC232-SR

elbaTgnitteSetaRduaB.FER

FFO

3WS NO

4WS NO

5WS htgneLtiBataDC232-SR stiB7 stiB8 NO

6WS gnitteSytiraPC232-SR nevE ddO NO

7WS tceleSFFO/NOretnirP NO FFO FFO

8WS deeFeniLotuAretnirP NO FFO FFO

etaRduaB 2WS 3WS 4WS

0069 FFO FFO FFO

0084 FFO FFO NO

0063 FFO NO FFO

0042 FFO NO NO

0021 NO FFO FFO

006 NO FFO NO

003 NO NO FFO

011 NO NO NO

19

20

One Year Limited Warranty

Barnstead International (“BARNSTEAD”) warrants that if a product manufactured by Barnstead shall be free ofdefects in materials and workmanship for one (1) year from the first to occur of (i) the date the product is soldby BARNSTEAD or (ii) the date the product is purchased by the original retail customer (the “CommencementDate”). Except as expressly stated above, BARNSTEAD MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESSED ORIMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRAN-TIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANT ABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

An authorized representative of BARNSTEAD must perform all warranty inspections. In the event of a defectcovered by BARNSTEAD’s warranty, BARNSTEAD shall, as its sole obligation and exclusive remedy, providefree replacement parts to remedy the defective product. In addition, for products sold by BARNSTEAD withinthe continental United States or Canada, BARNSTEAD shall provide provide free labor to repair the productswith the replacement parts, but only for a period of ninety (90) days from the Commencement Date.

BARNSTEAD’s warranty provided hereunder shall be null and void and without further force or effect if there isany (i) repair made to the product by a party other than BARNSTEAD or its duly authorized service representa-tive, (ii) misuse (including use inconsistent with written operating instructions for the product), mishandling,contamination, overheating, modification or alteration of the product by any customer or third party or (iii) use ofreplacement parts that are obtained from a party who is not an authorized dealer of BARNSTEAD.

Heating elements, because of their susceptibility to overheating and contamination, must be returned to theBARNSTEAD factory and if, upon inspection, it is concluded that failure is due to factors other than excessivehigh temperature or contamination, BARNSTEAD will provide warranty replacement. As a condition to thereturn of any product, or any constituent part thereof, to BARNSTEAD’s factory, it shall be sent prepaid and aprior written authorization from BARNSTEAD assigning a Return Goods Number to the product or part shall beobtained.

IN NO EVENT SHALL BARNSTEAD BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OFUSE OR PROFITS, ANTICIPATED OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THESALE, USE OR PERFORMANCE OF ANY PRODUCTS, WHETHER SUCH CLAIM IS BASED ON CON-TRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), ANY THEORY OF STRICT LIABILITY OR REGULATORYACTION.

The name of the authorized Barnstead International dealer nearest you may be obtained by calling 1-800-446-6060 (563-556-2241) or writing to:

2555 Kerper BoulevardP.O. Box 797Dubuque, Iowa 52001-0797Phone: 563-556-2241 or 800-553-0039Fax: 563-589-0516E-mail: mkt@barnstead.comwww.barnstead.com