Turfgrass & Ornamental Field Day - University of Missouri · 2013. 7. 22. · Turfgrass &...

Turfgrass & Ornamental Field DayDivision of Plant Sciences - CAFNRUniversity of Missouri

Brought to you by:

South Farm Research CenterColumbia, MO

July 30, 2013

FacultyDr. Brad Fresenburg – Turfgrass Research & ExtensionDr. Lee Miller – Turfgrass PathologyDr. Hank Stelzer – ForestryDr. David Trinklein – FloricultureDr. Xi Xiong – Turfgrass Management & Physiology

Research SpecialistsDaniel Earlywine – Turfgrass PathologyJohn Haguewood – Turfgrass Management

Graduate Research AssistantsDerek Cottrill, John Haguewood, Steve Song, JB Workman

Find us on the web:turf.missouri.eduturf.missouri.edu/statturfpath.missouri.edumotoc.org

i

Editor’s Note

We would like to express our gratitude to our industry sponsors for their incredible support of the Mizzou Turfgrass & Ornamental Programs. Without this assistance, we would not be able to build upon our programs, nor be able to function at the research and extension level that this great state of Missouri needs and deserves.

We have listed our contributors on the first page of this booklet to signify our appreciation of their support. While we strive to get make this list as comprehensive as possible, please let me or another faculty member know if your organization should be on this list. If an error has occurred, please accept our sincere apology, and we will correct it in the future.

In addition to our program sponsors, I’d also like to thank our numerous sponsors of the 2013 field day. These companies are also listed and recognized on these opening pages, because their partici-pation and support has played an integral part in facilitating this event.

Inside this booklet, we hope you will find valuable research and insights that you can bring back to your operation to make it more successful. Whether your operation is a lawn, landscape, golf course, sod farm, nursery, athletic field, (etc., etc.), we would like to assist with your plant health issues. If there is a concern you feel needs to be covered more fully, please don’t hesitate to let us know, or email me at [email protected] or phone at (573) 882-5623. Please enjoy your day of discussion, learning and camaraderie, and we hope you take something back that is useful.

Sincerely,

Dr. Lee MillerExtension Turfgrass PathologistUniversity of MissouriDivision of Plant Sciences

Note: Reference to products in this booklet is intended to convey objective, unbiased information and not an endorsement of the product over other similar products with similar results. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services does not imply endorse-ment by University of Missouri or discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Other brand names may be labeled for use on turfgrasses. Individuals who use pesticides are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your county’s Cooperative Extension agent.

ii

MU Ag Research Center*Columbia, Missouri

Agrotain*St. Louis, Missouri

A.L. Gustin Golf Course*Columbia, Missouri

AMVAC Chemical**Axis, Alabama

Atkins Turf & Tree*Columbia, Missouri

Dave Baker***Columbia, Missouri

BASF**Waukee, Iowa

Bayer Environmental Science**Kansas City, Missouri

Belk Park Golf Course*Wood River, Illinois

Bellerive Country Club*St. Louis, Missouri

Capital Sand Company*Jefferson City, Missouri

MU CAFNR*Columbia, Missouri

Columbia Country Club*Columbia, Missouri

Country Club of Missouri*Columbia, Missouri

Country Club of St. Albans*St. Albans, Missouri

Cleary Chemical Company**Dayton, New Jersey

Steve Dickinson***Fenton, Missouri

Dow AgroSciences*St. Louis, Missouri

Eagle Knoll Golf Club*Hartsburg, Missouri

Gateway Chapter (STMA)**St. Louis, Missouri

Hallbrook Country Club*Leawood, Kansas

Heart of America Golf Course Superintendents Association**Kansas City, Missouri

Hummert International*St. Louis, Missouri

Laser Turf Leveling*St. Charles, Missouri

Meadowbrook Country Club*Ballwin, Missouri

Mid America Green Industry Council*Kansas City, Missouri

Mississippi Valley Golf Course Superintendents Association**St. Charles, Missouri

MoTOC*Columbia, Missouri

MO-KAN Chapter (STMA)**Kansas City, Missouri

MPR Supply Company*St. Louis, Missouri

MU Intercollegiate Athletics*Columbia, Missouri

Norwood Hills CC*St. Louis, Missouri

NTEP**Beltsville, Maryland

Old Warson Country Club*St. Louis, Missouri

Ozark Turf Association*Branson, Missouri

Ozarks Chapter STMA**Springfield, Missouri

Pennington Seed*Greenfield, Missouri

PBI Gordon*Kansas City, Missouri

Perfect Play Fields & Links*Belleville, Illinois

Professional Turf Products*Euliss, Texas

Redexim-Charterhouse*St. Louis, Missouri

Research Support Services – South Farm*Columbia, Missouri

SelecTurf Farms*Jefferson City, Missouri

St. Andrews Golf Club*Overland Park, Kansas

St. Louis Country Club*St. Louis, Missouri

Syngenta**Greensboro, North Carolina

The Falls Golf Club*O’Fallon, Missouri

The Lawn Company***Columbia, Missouri

TurfWerks*St. Louis, Missouri

Valent**Green Springs, Ohio

Westwood Country Club*St. Louis, Missouri

Williams Lawn Seed*Maryville, Missouri

Sponsors & Contributors to the2013 Mizzou Turfgrass & Ornamental Research Program

* Gift-in-kind ** Grant-in-aid *** Turf Building Fund

iii

2013 Field Day Sponsors

Hummert International4500 Earth City Expressway, Earth City, MO 63045Contact: Dr. Steve [email protected], 314-506-4533Distributors of the finest horticulture and turfgrass products

Redexim Turf Products29 Cassens Court, Fenton, MO 63026Contact: Paul [email protected], 636-326-1009Turf Maintenance Equipment- Tractors, Aerators, Seeders, Sweepers, Verti-Cutters, Synthetic Turf Groomers

Agrium Advanced Technologies4205 I-70 SE, Columbia, MO 65201Contact: Ryan [email protected], 314-873-3322Retail agricultural products

Syngenta740 Elkington Lane, Olivette, MO 63132Contact: Paul [email protected], 314-308-0330Plant protection products

Williams Lawn Seed IncPO BOX 112, Maryville, MO 64468Contact: Bill [email protected], 816-863-1372Information on grass seed, native grasses, wildflowers TerraMax Turf Products and related products

GR Robinson Seed & Service Co10747 Trenton Ave, St. Louis, MO 63132Contact: Glenn [email protected], 314-427-0300Grass seed, fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides & herbicides for turf and landscape

St. Louis Composting39 Old Elam Avenue, Valley Park, MO 63088Contact: Roy [email protected], 636-861-3344Grass seed, fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides & herbicides for turf and landscape

BASF5430 Washington Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515Contact: Randy [email protected], 630-235-0104The world’s leading chemical company

Missouri Propane Education and Research Council4110 Country Club Drive, Jefferson City, MO 65109Contact: Steve [email protected], 573-893-7655Propane-powered lawn mowers

iv

COMPANY CONTACT DESCRIPTION

BASF Randy Lusher5430 Washington Street [email protected] The world’s leading chemical company.Downers Grove, IL 60515 630-235-0104

GR Robinson Seed & Service Co Glenn Kraemer Grass seed, fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides &10747 Trenton Ave [email protected] herbicides for turf and landscape.St. Louis, MO 63132 314-427-0300

Grass Pad Inc. Todd Winkelman425 N. Rawhide [email protected] Chemicals,Fertilizer and Seed.Olathe, KS 66061 913-764-4100

Hummert International Dr. Steve Millett Distributors of the finest horticulture4500 Earth City Expressway [email protected] and turfgrass products.Earth City, MO 63045 314-506-4533

Kenny Outdoor Solutions Korey York Irrigation, Lighting and Drainage, 14930 W. 107th Street [email protected] and Water features.Lenexa, KS 66215 913-449-8683

Missouri Propane Education Steve Ahrensand Research Council [email protected] Propane-powered lawn mowers 4110 Country Club Drive 573-893-7655 Jefferson City, MO 65109

PBI Gordon Heath Schesser 32310 W 166th Street [email protected] Turf & Ornamental products Manufacturer.Gardner, KS 66030 913-626-5463

Professional Turf Products Brad Davisson We provide products from the Toro Company as10935 Eicher Drive [email protected] well as many other topflight manufacturers toLenexa, KS 66219 913-449-8238 independent dealers, golf courses, schools, municipalities, parks, landscape and irrigation contractors.

Redexim Turf Products Paul Hollis Turf Maintenance Equipment- Tractors, Aerators, 29 Cassens Court [email protected] Seeders, Sweepers, Verti-Cutters, Synthetic TurfFenton, MO 63026 636-326-4884 Groomers

St. Louis Composting Roy Gross Grass seed, fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides &19 1/2 Spoede Lane [email protected] herbicides for turf and landscapeValley Park, MO 63088 636-861-3344 Syngenta Paul Carlson 39 Old Elam Avenue [email protected] Professional Turf ProductsCreve Coeur, MO 63141 314-308-0330 Turfwerks-Scott’s Power Ron Exler 10602 Trenton Ave. [email protected] Turf maintenence equipmentSt. Louis, MO 63132 314-569-1534

Williams Lawn Seed Inc Bill Tritt Information on grass seed, native grasses, wild-PO BOX 112 [email protected] flowers TerraMax Turf Products and relatedMaryville, MO 64468 816-863-1372 products

2013 Field Day Vendors

v

Table of Contents

Field Day Presentations Stop* Pg

1 Urban Tree Health Update 1 2 Specticle, a New Preemergent Herbicide 2 3 Pythium Root Diseases Prevalent on Bentgrass Putting Greens in the Midwest 3-44 Use of Nitrogen Source, Sulfur & Fungicides to Control Spring Dead Spot 5-6 5 Warm Season Turfgrass Diseases: A Crucial Two. 7-10 6 Impatiens Downy Mildew: An Emerging Problem for the Landscape Industry 11 7 Lawn Care – Why Has It Gotten So Difficult? 12-148 How Wetting Agents Affect Playability of a Putting Green? 159 Pylex, a New Herbicide to Combat Grassy Weeds in Cool-Season Turfgrass 16-1710 Evaluation Of Multiple Fungicide Programs For Summer Disease Control On A Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green 18-19

* Number is referenced on farm map on back cover of the booklet.

Research Trial Reports Cool Season Turfgrass - National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Trials 20-24 Hunting Billbug Control 25 Investigation of Root-Knot Nematode Infestations on Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens in Missouri 26 Evaluation of Bayleton Flo, Mirage, and Torque for early season dollar spot control on fairway height creeping bentgrass 27-28 Evaluating Bayleton, Tartan, and Torque for residual dollar spot control on ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass 29 Evaluation Of Boscalid For Early Dollar Spot Control on ‘Penn A4’ Creeping Bentgrass 30 Fall And Spring Fungicide Application Timings For Preventive Large Patch Control On Zoysiagrass Fairways 31-32 Preventative And Curative Fungicide Treatments For Dollar Spot Control On Fairway Height Creeping Bentgrass 33-35 Preventative dollar spot control on a creeping bentgrass putting green 36-38Preventive vs. Curative Applications of Stellar And Subdue Maxx For Pythium Blight And Root Rot On Creeping Bentgrass 39 Evaluating Defendor ™ + Dimension® 2EW for Broadleaf Weed Control and Crabgrass Prevention 40Evaluating Kalo® Wetting Agents for Localized Dry Spot Control 41 Field Evaluation of Revolution® Application Intervals in Missouri 42 Increasing the Efficacy of Tenacity® on Hard-to-Control Weeds 43 Preventative and Curative Approaches for Controlling Black Cutworm on Putting Greens 44

vii

Schedule of Events7:30 – 8:30 a.m.Registration, coffee/donuts and exhibitors

8:30 – 9:00 a.m.Welcome & Introduction: Dr. Lee Miller, Turfgrass PathologyWelcome & Program Update: Dr. Mike Collins, Director of Division of Plant Sciences, Dr. Marc Linit, Associate Dean for Research & Extension, CAFNRDr. Tom Payne, Vice Chancellor and Dean, CAFNRWelcome & MOTOC Update: Dr. Steve Millett, MOTOC President

9:00 – 10:20 a.m. Morning Session I: Visit 4 of 5 topics Page # Presentations last 10 minutes; 10 minute Q&A/Transit time

STOP 1* “Urban Tree Health Update” Hank Stelzer - Department Chair & Associate Professor: Forestry 1 STOP 2* “Specticle, a New Preemergent Herbicide” Xi Xiong - Assistant Professor: Turfgrass Science & Brett Loman 2STOP 3* “Pythium Root Diseases Prevalent on Bentgrass Putting Greens in the Midwest” John (JB) Workman, M.S. - Graduate Research Assistant: Turfgrass Pathology 3-4STOP 4* “Use of Nitrogen Source, Sulfur & Fungicides to Control Spring Dead Spot” Derek Cottrill - Graduate Research Assistant: Turfgrass Pathology 5-6STOP 5* “Warm Season Turfgrass Diseases: A Crucial Two.” Lee Miller - Assistant Professor: Turfgrass Pathology 7-10

10:20 – 11:40 p.m. Morning Session II: Visit 4 of 5 topics Presentations last 10 minutes; 10 minute Q&A/Transit time

STOP 6* “Impatiens Downy Mildew: An Emerging Problem for the Landscape Industry.” David Trinklein - Associate Professor: Floriculture 11STOP 7* “Lawn Care – Why Has It Gotten So Difficult?” Brad Fresenburg, Assistant Professor: Turfgrass Science 12-14STOP 8* “How Wetting Agents Affect Playability of a Putting Green” John Haguewood - Research Specialist & Graduate Research Assistant 15STOP 9* “Pylex, a New Herbicide to Combat Grassy Weeds in Cool-Season Turfgrass” Steve Song, M.S. - Graduate Research Assistant: Turfgrass Science 16-17STOP 10* “Evaluation Of Multiple Fungicide Programs For Summer Disease Control On A Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green” Daniel Earlywine, M.S. - Research Specialist: Turfgrass Pathology 18-19

11:40 – 12:00 p.m. Exhibitor Demonstrations

12:00 – 12:45 p.m. Lunch (Included), Exhibits, & Raffle

1:00 – 3:00 p.m. Offsite Tours: (buses start loading at 12:50 p.m.)Select one of three outstanding tours led by industry professionals

Golf “Renovation of Columbia Country Club: Challenges & Triumphs” Joe Herzog – Superintendent, Columbia Country Club Landscape “History & Beauty Abound at the Mizzou Botanic Gardens” Pete Millier – Director, Mizzou Botanic Garden Sports Turf “Establishing and Maintaining New Bermudagrass Varieties for MU Athletics” Josh McPherson – Sports Turf Manager, University of Missouri Athletics * Number is referenced on farm map on back cover of the booklet.

1

Urban Tree Health UpdateHank Stelzer

SummaryState Forestry Extension Specialist, Dr. Hank Stelzer, will be presenting the latest information on the emerald ash borer in Missouri and strategies for dealing with this exotic, invasive pest. Stelzer will also tell attendees how to be on the look-out for the thousand cankers disease of black walnut. It has not been found in the Show-Me State yet, but the sooner we can detect its arrival, the better. And let’s not forget last year’s drought. Even though we are above normal in the rainfall department, some trees are just now beginning to show the effects of last year’s flash drought.

2

Specticle, a New Preemergent HerbicideJohn Haguewood and Xi Xiong

SummaryThis trial evaluated the herbicide ‘Specticle™ Flo’, a liquid formula of indaziflam, for preemergence control of crabgrass in bermudagrass turf. Treatments include Specticle™ Flo at various rates and timings, as well as an untreated control. All treatments were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack boom sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8004 flat fan spray tips calibrated to deliver 44 gal/acre. Treatments were immediately watered in with approximately 0.15 inch of irrigation.

Current FindingsThis trial was placed on ‘Quick Stand’ bermudagrass with significant crabgrass contamination, where untreated areas become highly infested with crabgrass. Initial treatments were applied prior to crabgrass germination, on April 24th. Crabgrass was first observed germinating in untreated areas during the 3rd week of May. Although not significant at this time, all Specticle™ Flo treatments are showing a numerical reduction in the amount of observed crabgrass com-pared to the untreated control. This trial is ongoing and will continue to be evaluated throughout the summer months.

Table 1. Description of herbicide applications and percent crabgrass control.

Treatment Number

TreatmentRate

(oz/acre)Total # of apps % Crabgrass

6/5/2013 6/20/20131 Untreated --- --- 1.71 4.72 Specticle™ Flo 6.0 1 (April 24th) 0.3 0.73 Specticle™ Flo 4.5 1 (April 24th) 0.3 1.0

4 Specticle™ Flo 4.5 2 (April 25th, June 21st) 0.0 0.3

5 Specticle™ Flo 9.0 1 (April 25th) 0.3 0.01Means were not significantly different; therefore letters are not presented in the columns.

Trial MapPlot size: 5 X 10 ftNumber inside cell represents treatment #

4 1 3 5 2

2 4 5 1 3

1 2 3 4 5

3

Pythium Root Diseases Prevalent on Bentgrass Putting Greens in the MidwestJB Workman and Lee Miller

SummaryCreeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a cool-season species commonly used for golf course putting greens in the Midwest. During the summer months, bentgrass management is difficult due to physiological stresses resulting from persistent heat. To further complicate matters, impairment of root function by soil borne plant pathogens, particularly Pythium species, can lead to rapid decline of bentgrass during summer stress periods. Confusion exists among diagnos-ticians and superintendents on the type of Pythium diseases (i.e. pythium root rot vs. pythium root dysfunction) that oc-cur in the region. Pythium root rot causes a distinct browning or blackening of affected roots, and is usually exacerbated by wet soil conditions. Symptoms of Pythium root dysfunction do not include a distinct root necrosis, and are more prevalent in well-drained soil profiles on younger bentgrass greens (< 5 years). Confusion between the two pathogens has led to fungicide applications at the wrong time or incorrect use of products. An improved method of identifying Pythium species from infected root tissue and confirmation of pathogenicity is needed to allow for design of preventa-tive programs. This study should provide superintendents and diagnosticians with a reliable way of knowing if summer bentgrass root decline is due to Pythium infection or from another source.

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to identify the distribution of Pythium species affecting bentgrass putting greens in the Midwest, and to provide superintendents with control measures that are best suited to the specific Pythium pathogen on their site. Collection, isolation, and identification of Pythium isolates was initiated in 2012 and will continue through 2014. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess pre- and post-emergent virulence of the identified Pythium species. Cone-tainer flats containing USGA specification sand were seeded with ‘Penn A-1’ and ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass and placed in a greenhouse at 30°C/26°C (day/night). For pre-emergent virulence assessment, Cone-tainers were in-oculated with Pythium-colonized grass blades at a 0.5-cm depth prior to seeding. To assess post-emergent virulence, 6 week-old bentgrass plants were inoculated by cutting the root system at a 2-in depth, placing Pythium-colonized grass blades onto the surface of sterile sand, and then replacing the turf. Two of the most virulent isolates observed in greenhouse trials are currently being tested in a Pythium fungicide trial consisting of preventative and curative applications of fluopicolide (Stellar) and mefenoxam (Subdue Maxx) at the MU turf farm. To assess Pythium root rot, P. vanterpoolii was inoculated by cutting the root system of cup cutter plug at a 2-in depth, placing infested tall fescue grass blades onto the soil surface, and then replacing the turf. To assess Pythium blight, P. aphanidermatum was inoculated by placing infested tall fescue grass blades onto the surface of the turf and covering with plastic cups for 48 hours. Results should give insight into how the five most virulent Pythium species ob-served in the greenhouse will be inoculated into microplots for field management studies next summer 2014. Current FindingsTwenty-six Pythium spp. have been isolated from roots of creeping bentgrass putting greens exhibiting summer root decline at golf courses in AK, KS, IL, and MO (Table 1). Of the twenty-six isolates, eight different species including P. aphanidermatum, P. graminicola, P. oligandrum, P. rostratum, P. torulosum, P. ultimum, P. vanterpooli, and P. vexans were identified using traditional and molecular techniques. In pre- and postemergence greenhouse tests, P. aphanidermatum, P. graminicola, and P. vanterpoolii were highly aggressive causing 61-100% disease severity, P. ultimum was moderately aggressive causing 21-60% disease severity, and P. oligandrum, P. rostratum, P. torulosum, and P. vexans caused ≤ 20% disease severity (Fig. 1). No significant difference in disease severity was detected among cultivars.

4

Pythium species Isolate # Host Regionx

P. aphanidermatum I - 14I – 17I – 24

Agrostis stoloniferaFestuca arundinaceae

A. stolonifera

Atlanta, GAMissouri

Kansas CityP. graminicola I – 19

I – 20I – 22 I – 23 I – 26

A. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stolonifera

ColumbiaSt. LouisBolivar

St. LouisSt. Louis

P. oligandrum I – 6 A. stolonifera BransonP. rostratum I – 8

I - 16I – 18

A. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stolonifera

St. LouisSaint Clair

Fayetteville, AKP. torulosum I – 5

I – 12I – 21

A. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stolonifera

Andover, KSWaterloo, IL

BransonP. ultimum I – 1

I – 3I – 5I – 9

A. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stolonifera

ColumbiaNixa

St. LouisWaterloo, IL

P. vanterpooli I – 2I – 4I – 7

I – 10I – 11I – 25

A. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stoloniferaA. stolonifera

Wood River, ILColumbia

Waterloo, ILSt. Louis

St. AlbansSt. Louis

P. vexansy I – 13I – 15

A. stoloniferaA. stolonifera

St. LouisSt. Louis

5

Use of Nitrogen Source, Sulfur, & Fungicides to Control Spring Dead SpotDerek Cottrill & Lee Miller

SummarySpring dead spot (SDS) is a destructive disease of bermudagrass in regions of the U.S. where freezing temperatures induce winter dormancy. This serious disease is caused by three soil-borne pathogens, Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, O. korrae, and O. namari. Symptoms become evident in spring as circular (6”-3’ + in diameter), bleached patches of ber-mudagrass. Roots, rhizomes and stolons of infected bermudagrass plants become black and necrotic. Controlling SDS is challenging since SDS pathogen infection occurs well before symptom occurrence. Current SDS management practices produce inconsistent and incomplete suppression levels. Research indicates nitrogen source and/or soil pH manipula-tion may be important factors for managing this disease. This 3-year field trial evaluates the impact of nitrogen source, sulfur, and fungicide on an endemic outbreak of SDS on ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass.

Current FindingsNitrogen was applied at 1 lb. N/1000ft2 once a month in June, July and August of 2011 and 2012. Nitrogen sources in-cluded urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, Umaxx, and Uflexx. Flowers of sulfur (2 lb S/1000ft2) was applied at the same time as nitrogen. One or two applications of tebuconazole (Torque, 0.6 oz/1000ft2) were applied in mid September or mid September & mid October in 2011 and 2012. Initial disease severity ratings and pictures were taken June 2011 before any treatments were applied. Pictures from all rating dates were analyzed using digital imaging analysis to obtain objective measurements of disease severity. No statistical differences in disease severity were found between plots re-ceiving only nitrogen treatments in May 2012 or 2013, regardless of nitrogen source. In May 2012 and 2013 spring dead spot was less severe in plots receiving the addition of sulfur and/or fungicide when compared to plots receiving only nitrogen (Figure 1). Sulfur application alone reduced SDS symptoms statistically as well as a single fungicide application (Figure 2). Results from this study suggest nitrogen applications with additional sulfur or fungicide applications result in greater SDS suppression levels than nitrogen applications alone.

1 - Fung, - Sulfur (Nitrogen Alone)2 -Fung., +Sulfur3 Torque-1 app., -Sulfur4 Torque-1 app., +Sulfur5 Torque-2 app., -Sulfur6 Torque-2 app., +Sulfur

Percent disease severity on ini-tial rating dates in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Columns with the same letter do not statistically differ according to pair-wise comparisons performed in PROC Mixed using the LSmeans command in SAS.

6

Percent decrease in disease severity from 2011-2012 and from 2011 to 2013. Columns with the same letter do not statisti-cally differ according to pair-wise comparisons performed in PROC Mixed using the LSmeans command in SAS.

1 - Fung, - Sulfur (Nitrogen Alone)2 -Fung., +Sulfur3 Torque-1 app., -Sulfur4 Torque-1 app., +Sulfur5 Torque-2 app., -Sulfur6 Torque-2 app., +Sulfur

7

Warm Season Turfgrass Diseases: A Crucial TwoLee Miller, Brad Fresenburg, & Daniel Earlywine

IntroductionWarm season turfgrasses have the distinct advantage of C4 carbon fixation, which avoids carbon crunching photores-piration and affords them greater performance in limiting nitrogen, drought or heat stress situations. For this reason, bermudagrass and zoysiagrass have gained more prevalence in sports turf, golf, and lawn uses in Missouri. Despite their advantages, these two grass species experience difficulty with some pests, which prey upon their slower metabolism and weakened immune system during cold or freezing temperatures. Foremost of the troublesome pests are the two diseases large patch of zoysiagrass and spring dead spot of bermudagrass. The following report describes several of the research projects being conducted by the MU turf pathology program that focus on the management of these two diseases.

Large PatchLarge patch is the most important disease limiting zoysiagrass use for lawns and golf course fairways in Missouri. The disease occurs when zoysiagrass is growing slowly either leading into or coming out of dormancy in the fall or spring. Symptoms occur as roughly circular patches of tan or straw- colored turf that can range from a few feet to many yards in diameter, hence the name “large patch”. When the disease is active, bright orange leaves (also known as“firing” symptoms) can be evident along patch margins. The pathogen infects at the leaf sheath, causing a basal rot and reddish brown to black lesions along lower leaf and sheath tissue. Most severe disease outbreaks occur in the spring in Missouri approximately 2-8 weeks after spring green up. The extended spring of 2013 yielded a particularly conducive set of conditions for severe large patch infections: frequent heavy precipitation events that fueled prolonged saturated soil conditions, and cooler than normal temperatures that restricted zoysia growth.

Fertilization ImpactIt has been a tenet that fertilization during periods conducive for large patch infection will cause greater disease sever-ity. This is undoubtedly true for brown patch of tall fescue caused by Rhizoctonia solani, but is still in question for large patch, (which is caused by a different anastomosis group of R. solani). In 1994, Green et al. from Kansas State found no effect on disease severity from different N sources or higher N rates when applied in June and August. More recent research from Kansas State found a decrease in large patch severity in 2 of 3 sites with fall and spring appli-cations of urea. In addition, preliminary lab research at the MU turf pathology program showed a distinct change in pathogen morphology when exposed to an ammonium based nitrogen source. Based on this preliminary evidence, the United States Golf Association funded a start-up proposal to investi-gate the impact of fall and spring fertilization practices and nitrogen source on large patch severity. Two trials have been initiated to 1) investigate spring and fall fer-tilizer timing and N source and 2) integration of spring fertilization with curative fungicide application to speed recovery time. These trials are described below.

Spring and fall fertilizer timingThis trial is installed on the “new” Meyer zoysia block on the south side of the MU turf farm. Fertilizer treat-ments include urea, calcium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate applied when 5 day average 2” soil tempera-tures reach thresholds of 60°F or 70°F in the spring, or 70°F in the fall. In 2013 the spring fertilizer ap-plications were made on May 14 and May 22 for the 60°F and 70°F threshold, respectively. All plots were uniformly inoculated with 25 cc rye grain/plot infested

8

with three isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 LP. Rye grain was covered with a metal plate to promote infection. Slight infection was noted in plots this spring at our inoculation points, with no significant differences noted among treat-ments. This trial will be continued over the course of a few seasons to evaluate treatment differences.

Spring Fertilization + Fungicide ApplicationA field evaluation of the impact of early spring fertilizer application alone and in combination with a curative fungicide application, on large patch severity was conducted at Belk Park Golf Course in Wood River, IL. The experiment was designed as a split plot with fertilizer as the main plot and fungicide as the subplot. A single fungicide and fertilizer application was made to plots that were naturally infested with large patch. Fertilizer treatments were made at 0.5 lb N/1000 ft2 and included urea, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or no fertilizer. Fungicide treatments included Heritage TL (1 fl oz/1000 ft2), Clearys 3336F (2 fl oz/1000 ft2), Torque (0.6 fl oz/1000 ft2) and ProStar (2.2 oz/1000 ft2).

Results from this trial were variable and no statisitical separation was noted among treatments: a side effect of random disease occurrence and the reason we inoculate trials to produce even disease distribution. It is apparent, however, which fungicides worked most effectively, including Heritage TL and Torque, which lowered disease in all plots irrespec-tive of nitrogen application. This trial will be replicated in 2013 in an inoculated trial to reduce plot variation.

Spring Dead SpotAnalagous to large patch in zoysia, spring dead spot is the most limiting disease affecting ber-mudagrass use in Missouri. Damage is mostly apparent on highly managed turf in sports fields and golf courses. The pathogen is soil-borne and infects roots, rhizomes, and stolons when ber-mudagrass goes into dormancy in late fall. In the subsequent spring, affected turfgrass does not resume growth while uninfected bermudagrass greens up. Stand symptoms occur as roughly cir-cular straw colored patches that range from 6” to many feet in diameter. Individual plants have dark black or gray, rotted roots, rhizomes, and stolons. Recovery occurs slowly in summer from regrowth outside of patches, and are susceptible to weed invasion.

Control of this disease is difficult and requires a multi-year approach integrating both cultural

and chemical management strategies. A single season of fungicide application may reduce spring dead spot incidence, but normally doesn’t afford acceptable levels of control on sites with a history of the disease. Fungicide applications must be applied preventively in the fall when pathogen infection occurs and watered-in to the soil profile.. Intensive aerification and vertical mowing of affected areas during the summer and early fall may disrupt the disease process by stimulating regrowth of new rhizomes and stolons. Reducing soil pH through the use of ammonium-based fertilizers or sulfur applications may also help suppress the disease. More information can be found in the report entitled “Use of Nitrogen Source, Sulfur, and Fungicides to Control Spring Dead Spot” on pages 5 and 6.

Evaluation of Host Resistance in NTEP entriesTwo trials evaluating 35 bermudagrass and 35 zoysiagrass varieties were established at the MU Turf Farm in June 2013 as part of the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP). As a normal part of the protocol, these varieties (both new and standard) are evaluated for suitability in Missouri with observations of establishment rate, turfgrass quality, color, and any pests or diseases which may naturally occur. In these two trials, however, we proposed and were granted the opportunity to also specifically address host resistance of these new varieties to their two nemesis diseases. In these two trials, we plan to inoculate each established plot with a set amount of either R. solani AG2-2 LP (large patch) or O. herpotricha (spring dead spot) inoculum. This will provide a level playing field, and give us the ability to truly assess the ability of these varieties to resist damage from these two diseases. We are conducting the inoculated NTEP large patch trial along with the University of Arkansas, and we will be the only location evaluating these NTEP bermudagrass entries for spring dead spot resistance. Below is a complete listing of NTEP entries and plot maps for the two trials.

9

No Name Type1 Tifway Vegetative2 Latitude 36 Vegetative3 Patriot Vegetative4 Celebration Vegetative5 NuMex-Sahara Seeded

6 Princess 77 Seeded7 MBG 002 Seeded8 OKS 2009-3 Seeded9 OKS 2011-1 Seeded10 OKS 2011-4 Seeded

11 JSC 2-21-1-v Vegetative12 JSC 2-21-18-v Vegetative13 JSC 2007-8-s Seeded14 JSC 2007-13-s Seeded15 JSC 2009-2-s Seeded

16 JSC 2009-6-s Seeded17 Riviera Seeded18 Yukon Seeded19 North Shore SLT Seeded20 12-TSB-1 Seeded

21 MSB 281 Vegetative22 11-T-251 Vegetative23 11-T-510 Vegetative24 DT-1 Vegetative25 FAES 1325 Vegetative

26 FAES 1326 Vegetative27 FAES 1327 Vegetative28 PST-R6P0 Seeded29 PST-R6T9S Seeded30 PST-R6CT Seeded

31 BAR C291 Seeded32 OKC 1131 Vegetative33 OKC 1163 Vegetative34 OKC 1302 Vegetative35 Astro Vegetative

2013 NTEP Bermudagrass

1-Tifway-V 8-OKS 2009-3-S

15-JSC 2009-2-s 22-11-T-251-V 29-PST-

R6T9S-S

2-Latitude 36-V 9-OKS 2011-1-S

16-JSC 2009-6-s 23-11-T-510-V 30-PST-R6CT-S

3-Patriot-V 10-OKS 2011-4-S 17-Riviera-S 24-DT-1-V 31-BAR

C291-S

4-Celebration-V 11-JSC 2-21-1-v 18-Yukon-S 25-FAES

1325-V32-OKC 1131-V

5-NuMex-Saha-ra-S

12-JSC 2-21-18-v

19-North Shore SLT-S

26-FAES 1326-V

33-OKC 1163-V

6-Princess 77-S 13-JSC 2007-8-s 20-12-TSB-1-S 27-FAES

1327-V34-OKC 1302-V

7-MBG 002-S 14-JSC 2007-13-s 21-MSB 281-V 28-PST-R6PO-S 35-Astro-V

15-JSC 2009-2-s 33-OKC 1163-V 22-11-T-251-V 9-OKS

2001-1-S 35-Astro-V

11-JSC 2-21-1-v 7-MBG 002-S 4-Celebration-V 31-BAR C291-S 14-JSC 2007-13-s

19-North Shore SLT-S

25-FAES 1325-V

10-OKS 2011-4-S

27-FAES 1327-V 21-MSB 281-V

1-Tifway-V 29-PST-R6T9S-S 28-PST-R6PO-S 2-Latitude

36-V8-OKS

2009-3-S

5-NuMex-Saha-ra-S 23-11-T-510-V 32-OKC 1131-V 20-12-TSB-1-S 12-JSC

2-21-18-v

17-Riviera-S 18-Yukon-S 34-OKC 1302-V 16-JSC 2009-6-s 3-Patriot-V

6-Princess 77-S 13-JSC 2007-8-s 24-DT-1-V 26-FAES

1326-V 30-PST-R6CT-S

27-FAES 1327-V 28-PST-R6P0-S 19-North Shore SLT-S 24-DT-1-V 12-JSC

2-21-18-v

32-OKC 1131-V 22-11-T-251-V 2-Latitude 36-V 30-PST-R6CT-S 10-OKS 2011-4-S

26-FAES 1326-V 7-MBG 002-S 4-Celebration-V 13-JSC 2007-8-s

25-FAES 1325-V

16-JSC 2009-6-s 21-MSB 281-V 15-JSC 2009-2-s

5-NuMex-Sahara-S

8-OKS 2009-3-S

33-OKC 1163-V 17-Riviera-S 9-OKS 2011-1-S 23-11-T-510-V 20-12-TSB-1-S

29-PST-R6T9S-S 3-Patriot-V 31-BAR C291-S 6-Princess 77-S

34-OKC 1302-V

35-Astro-V 11-JSC 2-21-1-v

14-JSC 2007-13-s 18-Yukon-S 1-Tifway-V

West

North

10

No Name Type1 Meyer Vegetative2 Zeon Vegetative3 Empire Vegetative4 10-TZ-35 Vegetative5 10-TZ-1254 Vegetative

6 09-TZ-53-20 Vegetative7 09-TZ-54-9 Vegetative8 GGZ 504 Vegetative9 11-TZ-4321 Vegetative10 DALZ 1303 Vegetative

11 CSZ 1105 Vegetative12 CSZ 1109 Vegetative13 FAES 1303 Vegetative14 FAES 1304 Vegetative15 FAES 1305 Vegetative

16 FAES 1306 Vegetative17 FAES 1307 Vegetative18 FAES 1308 Vegetative19 FAES 1309 Vegetative20 FAES 1310 Vegetative



31 FAES 1329 Vegetative32 DALZ 1301 Vegetative33 DALZ 1302 Vegetative34 KSUZ 1201 Vegetative35 A-1 Vegetative

2013 NTEP Zoysia

22-FAES 1313 26-FAES 1317 16-FAES 1306 34-KSUZ 1201 6-09-TZ-53-20

4-10-TZ-35 20-FAES 1310 3-Empire 14-FAES 1304 7-09-TZ-54-9

31-FAES 1329 2-Zeon 17-FAES 1307 29-FAES 1322 21-FAES 1312

27-FAES 1318 35-A-1 19-FAES 1309 28-FAES 1319 33-DALZ 1302

32-DALZ 1301 10-DALZ 1303 13-FAES 1303 8-GGZ 504 12-CSZ 1109

25-FAES 1316 18-FAES 1308 24-FAES 1315 23-FAES 1314 1-Meyer

5-10-TZ-1254 30-FAES 1328 9-11-TZ-4321 11-CSZ 1105 15-FAES 1305

1-Meyer 8-GGZ 504 15-FAES 1305 22-FAES 1313 29-FAES 1322

2-Zeon 9-11-TZ-4321 16-FAES 1306 23-FAES 1314 30-FAES 1328

3-Empire 10-DALZ 1303 17-FAES 1307 24-FAES 1315 31-FAES 1329

4-10-TZ-35 11-CSZ 1105 18-FAES 1308 25-FAES 1316 32-DALZ 1301

5-10-TZ-1254 12-CSZ 1109 19-FAES 1309 26-FAES 1317 33-DALZ 1302

6-09-TZ-53-20 13-FAES 1303 20-FAES 1310 27-FAES 1318 34-KSUZ 1201

7-09-TZ-54-9 14-FAES 1304 21-FAES 1312 28-FAES 1319 35-A-1

27-FAES 1318 31-FAES 1329 34-KSUZ 1201 16-FAES 1306 17-FAES 1307

2-Zeon 11-CSZ 1105 30-FAES 1328 7-09-TZ-54-9 23-FAES 1314

33-DALZ 1302 8-GGZ 504 3-Empire 12-CSZ 1109 6-09-TZ-53-20

29-FAES 1322 9-11-TZ-4321 21-FAES 1312 18-FAES 1308 5-10-TZ-1254

25-FAES 1316 4-10-TZ-35 35-A-1 24-FAES 1315 1-Meyer

32-DALZ 1301 20-FAES 1310 13-FAES 1303 14-FAES 1304 22-FAES 1313

10-DALZ 1303 28-FAES 1319 26-FAES 1317 15-FAES 1305 19-FAES 1309

West

North

11

Impatiens Downy Mildew: An Emerging Problem for the Landscape IndustryDavid Trinklein

Garden impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) is one of our most important bedding plant species. In yearly polls conducted by growers’ associations, impatiens ranks at or near the top of the list of most popular bedding plant based on sales volume. Its ability to produce vibrant displays of color in shady locations makes it unique in the plant world. Plant breeders have been successful in producing a plethora of new cultivars adding additional colors and growth habit to those already available.

Impatiens downy mildew is a virulent, destructive foliar disease caused by the fungus Plasmopara obducens. The latter has the ability to infect Impatiens walleriana as well as hybrids having it as one of its parents. The disease is not a prob-lem on New Guinea impatiens. While impatiens downy mildew has been a destructive disease for years in many parts of Europe, it was first identified in the United States in 2004. In 2012, cases of the disease were reported in nearly every state in the eastern one-half of the United States, including Missouri.

Symptoms of impatiens downy mildew usually are separated into two categories: early and advanced.

Early symptoms include: a. light-green yellowing or stippling of leaves; b. subtle gray markings on undersides of leaves (sometimes visible); c. downward curling of infected leaves; and d. white, downy-like fungal growth occurring on the undersides of leaves.

Advanced symptoms include: a. stunting in both plant height and leaf size; b. foliage distortion (cupping); c. leaf and flower drop resulting in bare leafless stems; and d. infected stems become soft and plants collapse under continued wet, cool conditions.

Impatiens downy mildew is spread by structures it produces called “zoospores”. The latter are produced in sac-like structures on the undersides of infected leaves. These zoospores are easily dislodged and spread over short distances via splashing water or over long distances through air currents. In most cases the disease organism’s main entry into the landscape is on infected plant material (e.g. plugs or cuttings) or by wind dispersal from infected plants growing nearby.

For a disease organism to become virulent, in addition to a suitable host (impatiens in this case), there must be an envi-ronment surrounding the host conducive to infection. For impatiens downy mildew fungus this includes cool (59-73°F), moist conditions which promote zoospore germination. Normally, the time between initial infection and the production of visible spores varies between 5 and 14 days. If the fungus is present, symptoms usually more subtle under warm, dry conditions.

As with any plant disease, prevention is the best control for impatiens downy mildew. Landscapers should obtain plants from a reputable greenhouse and thoroughly inspect plants before installing them. This, however, might not totally eliminate the disease since it can spread from near-by, infected plants. If symptoms are observed on plants growing outdoors, they should be removed from the landscape with care and disposed of properly. Since the disease organism over-winters in the soil, growing a species other than impatiens in the same area the following year is recommended. For container plantings showing the disease, discard the growing medium and disinfect the container before planting it again.

12

Lawn Care – Why Has It Gotten So Difficult?Brad Fresenburg

“Spring came very early this year and warm-season grasses such as zoysiagrass came out of winter dormancy about one month ahead of schedule. Pat Guinan, MU Extension Climatologist, indicated that March temperatures were 12 to 14 degrees higher than normal and placed this March as the warmest on record. He also commented that if March’s temperatures were laid over April of this year, the monthly average for April would still be 5 to 6 degrees above normal.” These were the facts for spring of 2012. We were about 5 weeks ahead of ourselves on the horticultural and turfgrass side of things.

Spring of 2013 was much different. The cool/cold extended spring delayed many plants from budding out (tree foliage) as well as our warm season grasses like zoysiagrass and bermudagrass. The cooler temperatures were making us one of the coolest/coldest springs on record. This year we could say we were about 4 weeks behind. Two very different springs (at opposite ends of the spectrum) have occurred in two consecutive years.

Weather plays a role in how we manage ornamental plants and turfgrasses every year. Weather controls disease and in-sect cycles to emerge early in some years and much later in other years (e.g. 2012 and 2013). Keep in mind that weather is not the only instigator to our pest issues. Sometimes our pest issues are due to poor cultural practices. We are presently looking at three possible scenarios for the destruction of zoysiagrass lawns in the past several years – Large Patch disease, Hunting Billbug, and Chinch Bug.

Large patch is the number one biotic problem that affects zoysiagrass on an annual basis. It is indiscriminate in its oc-currence, and will damage lawns or golf courses with similar intensity. The disease is caused by the fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, and is a close relative to the identically named pathogen that causes brown patch on tall fescue. Large patch symptoms can occur in the fall but are most severe in the spring, when zoysiagrass is slow growing due to cool temperatures and is coming out of winter dormancy (i.e. hibernation). Actual infection of the fungal pathogen, however, occurs in the early fall when the fungus moves down to the base of the plant inside the leaf sheaths. In active outbreaks, leaves on the outer margins of patches will “fire” and turn a brilliant orange color that is most vivid in the morning or after a rain event. As the name implies, large patch symptoms can be quite grand in nature, with patches ranging from 6 inches to many, many feet in diameter.

Large patch is not easy to control. It is critical that timing of fertilization and ag-ronomic practices is done in accordance with when zoysiagrass is actively growing. Nitrogen fertilization in the fall or spring when zoysia growth is slow, tips the scales squarely in favor of the large patch pathogen and will result in severe outbreaks. Simi-larly, aerification and thatch removal practices should be limited to the hot summer months. So, in other words, don’t do anything to zoysia unless temperatures are quite warm. Because the pathogen depends on leaf moisture, over-irrigation and poor drainage will also result in more severe large patch outbreaks.

Chemical control of large patch should be limited to areas that have a history of the disease. If fungicide control is necessary, the application must be timed pre-ventively when infection is taking place not when symptoms occur. Because of this, fungicide applications should be made in the fall and recent research suggests earlier fall applications may be better (early to mid-September) when soil temperatures dip to below 70°F. To minimize fungicide use, it is possible to map out the diseased areas on lawns now, and only specifi-cally apply fungicide to these areas this fall. Fungicide applications made to lawns in the spring will only protect your healthy grass from large patch expansion, but will not magically cure zoysia that has already been infected.

Chinch bug and hunting billbug outbreaks have also been in the picture on several lawns around the state in the last two years.

Chinch Bug

Chinch Bug damage on zoysia.

13

Chinch bugs (Blissus spp.) are the most damaging insect pest in zoysiagrass. Un-like large patch, chinch bug damage occurs in the hot, dry summer months and most closely resembles drought damage. Affected areas are solid, not patchy, and will usu-ally start on one side of the lawn and progress throughout as the chinch bug popula-tion builds and moves. Damage is most severe along lawn boundaries, particularly concrete driveways and sidewalks. The easiest method to detect chinch bug damage is to pull up damaged zoysia along these boundaries and look for the scattering fast, small 3/16-inch black bugs. If chinch bugs are occurring, there is no recourse but the use of a curative insecticide to eliminate the problem. Because occurrence is sporadic from year to year, preventive insecticide applications targeted for chinch bugs are not recommended in this area.

Hunting billbugs (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) have been also been found sporadically in Missouri over the last two years. Unlike chinch bugs, hunting billbugs are more anonymous and elusive. Because of this little is known of hunting billbug biology. Adults are reddish brown-black, 1/2-inch long, have a curved snout, and are most active during the night and early morning hours. Billbugs are thought to overwinter as adults, and lay eggs in grass stems/leaf sheaths in mid-late spring. Billbug larvae, which unlike an-nual white grubs are legless, hatch and feed by boring into lower leaf stems. Larvae become larger and also feed on stolons, which are left characteristi-cally hollowed out in early summer. At this point, zoysia will easily pull away from the soil, and symptoms will occur as yellow areas that eventually brown and die out, resembling drought damage. Monitoring both adult and larval hunting billbug activity is difficult. The most effective method for detection of adult activity is creating several pitfall traps in the lawn by digging a few holes and placing plastic cups level to the soil surface. Adults will fall into the cup overnight and can be counted over a few days period. Early larval stages are small and difficult to detect, but larger larvae in July can be observed by pulling zoysia away from the soil. In areas where hunting billbug damage has been identified, a preventive long lasting insecticide application should be applied in late May – early June (same time frame for annual white grubs) to target both adults and larvae. Cultural Practices: One practice that is often over-looked and contributes to the pest problems mentioned above is thatch control. Thatch is a layer of decomposed and partially decomposed roots, stems, stolons and rhizomes. Thatch appears as a distinct horizontal layer of brown spongy or felt-like material just above the soil surface. Zoysiagrass is prone to thatch accumulation because of its rapid growth and thick network of stolons and rhizomes. Clippings from infrequent mowing will not decompose properly resulting in some initial thatch build up. In time, thatch can build to depths greater than 1 ½ inches. Use a hand trowel to cut a plug from the lawn at least 4 inches deep. Thatch layers can usually be seen in the profile of that plug. Lawns having a thatch layer exceeding ½ inch should be de-thatched. Maintaining thatch in a zoysiagrass lawn will reduce your potential for pest issues like Large Patch disease and insects. Power-rakes or vertical mowers can be used to accomplish this task.

If thatch is greater than one inch, do not attempt complete removal in one year. Instead, remove the thatch over a two year period. Intensive coring should also be considered since this causes much less damage to the turf than does power raking or vertical mowing. Coring can be achieved with walk-behind units. Soil plugs are removed from the root-zone and laid out on the lawn surface. Soil from core plugs will eventually melt away spreading soil and soil microbes into the thatch layer. Core aeration, done annually, can help maintain thatch with less dam-age. Thatch buildup can be minimized through good cultural practices, includ-ing the following: • Fertilize moderately to maintain turf density without excessive growth. • Mow grass regularly at the recommended height to maintain vigor and to avoid shock.

Hunting Billbug

Hunting Billbug damage on zoysia.

Thatch is the organic layer above the soil line and should not exceed ½ inch.

14

• Water deeply and only as needed. • Core aerification helps to reduce thatch build-up. Aerification also reduces soil compaction and improves movement of fertilizers, air and water into the root-zone.NOTE: Avoid core aeration with the presence of active Large Patch disease. Aeration will promote the spreading of this disease.

FertilizingEstablished zoysiagrass requires less fertilizer than many other species for healthy, attractive turf. Seasonal totals of 2 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet are ample. Excessive or untimely fertilizer applications can lead to problems such as fewer roots, more thatch, diseases, and more top growth that requires increased mowing.

For best results, soil testing is recommended before fertilizing. Soil test will indicate any major nutrient deficiencies and the acidity or alkalinity (pH) of the soil. Slightly acidic soil pH (6.0-6.5) is best. Lime should be applied only if the pH is less than 6.0.

Established zoysiagrass should be fertilized from May through August. Early spring (March/April) fertilization benefits weeds and promotes premature top growth before root development begins. Late fertilization (September or later) may interfere with the natural hardening (reducing cell moisture) process before winter.

For routine maintenance where soil tests indicate no major deficiencies, use a lawn fertilizer with approximate nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P):potassium (K) ratios of 3:1:1, 4:1:1 or 4:1:2. For example, a 16-4-8 fertilizer has a 4:1:2 N:P:K ratio. Where soil test indicates low phosphorus or potassium levels use a fertilizer with a ratio that more closely approximates a 1:1:1 or 2:1:1.NOTE: All fertilizer containing nitrogen should be avoided with the presence of active Large Patch disease.

MowingZoysiagrass is mowed at a shorter cutting heights (1 ½ - 2 inches) than Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue (3–4 inches). In spring, zoysiagrass may be mowed at the lowest setting on your mower to remove dead leaf tissue. This increases the green-up rate and allows easier and more uniform mowing during the growing season. The mowing height should be raised in September by 1/2 to 1 inch in preparation for fall.

When mowing, never remove more than one-third of the leaf blade at any one time. Clippings need not be collected if they do not remain as clumps on the lawn surface. Remove excessive clippings that accumulate if mowing is delayed.NOTE: Maintaining sharp mower blades improve the quality of cut (color) and reduce your potential for disease infec-tion.

WateringZoysiagrass is a drought-tolerant lawn grass that requires less water than Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue to remain green and actively growing during the summer months. Watering usually is not necessary except during prolonged dry periods. However, keep in mind that Missouri soils are heavy with clay and shallow. Root development in spring may be limited due to wet springs; therefore creating situations where zoysiagrass can be very drought susceptible incurring damage.

Other cultural practices, such as thatch control, fertilization, and mowing can go a long way toward building a drought-tolerant lawn. When watering, follow these simple rules: • Water in early morning to reduce evaporative losses, provide better distribution of your irrigation and reduce disease incidence by removing heavy dew. • Water deeply, wetting the soil to a depth of 4 to 6 inches. Only apply as much irrigation as the soil can absorb. Many Missouri soils have infiltration rates between 0.25 and 0.50 inches per hour. Always avoid puddles and runoff.NOTE: Excessive irrigation leads to increased disease incident.

Weather does play a vital role in the occurrence of pests. Note that, the levels of pests can often be controlled by the cul-tural practices we follow. Knowing the best cultural practices to follow and how to properly implement these practices can make lawn care less difficult.

15

How Wetting Agents Affect Playability of a Putting GreenJohn Haguewood and Xi Xiong

SummaryWetting agents and soil surfactants are commonly used on putting greens to alleviate the problem of localized dry spot. Localized dry spots (LDS) form when soils become hydrophobic and are difficult to wet. Wetting agents can be applied to aid in water penetration and retention in hydrophobic soils. The use of wetting agents can also help to reduce the amount of time spent on hand watering. A potential drawback from using wetting agents has been the increase in mois-ture to the surface of the putting green—I often receive the comment, “I have soft greens for a week or two after a wet-ting agent application.” This study looks at the impact of different wetting agent applications on putting green playabil-ity. Each wetting agent (Table 1.) is applied to manufacture recommendations using a CO2-pressurized back pack boom sprayer or with a hose-end pellet applicator. Evaluations for turfgrass quality, % LDS, volumetric water content, green speed (stimpmeter) and surface firmness (Clegg impact meter) are taken weekly. There are four main criteria that influence playability: uniform turf cover, turf density, smoothness of the surface, and surface firmness. Of those four, we directly measure two in this study, smoothness of the surface (ball roll), and surface firmness (Clegg impact meter).

Current FindingsTreatments were initiated on June 16th to a ‘penncross’ creeping bentgrass putting green with a history of LDS. The green was built to USGA specifications and is eight years old. At this time, no reduction in turf quality has been observed following any treatments. Similarly, there have been no significant differences in ball roll or surface firmness. LDS has not been observed yet in the plot area; this is likely to change as summer heat and drought set in. Applications and evaluations are on-going and will continue through September.

Table 1. Description of treatments included in this trial and data collected two weeks after initial application.

Treatment Number

TreatmentName

Rate (fl oz/1000 ft2)

Re-application Interval

Total # of apps

Turf Quality1

% LDS1 Ball Roll Distance (inch)1

Surface Firmness1

1 Untreated --- --- --- 8.0 0.0 99.4 63.32 Revolution® 6.0 30 day 4 8.0 0.0 98.0 66.03 Tournament

Ready®8.0 30 day 4 8.0 0.0 95.3 65.5

4 Lesco FLO™ Ultra

8.0 30 day 2 8.0 0.0 97.0 76.6

5 Advantage Pellet

N/A 14 day 7 8.0 0.0 96.5 67.6

6 OARS® 7.0 30 day 4 8.0 0.0 101.0 72.37 Aquaduct® 8.0 14 day 7 8.0 0.0 99.6 65.7

1Data presented in this table is from 6/26/2013, two weeks after initial treatment.


6 3 2 5 1 7 42 7 5 1 3 4 65 3 2 7 6 1 41 2 3 4 5 6 7

16

Pylex, a New Herbicide to Combat Grassy Weeds in Cool-Season TurfgrassSteve Song

SummaryThis trial evaluates a new herbicide being introduced to the turf market called Pylex™ (topramezone). Pylex™ herbicide is a product that will control bermudagrass in cool season turfgrass. This trial is specifically looking at the tolerance and safety of applications to creeping bentgrass maintained at fairway mowing heights. Plots were established on ‘crystal blue links’ creeping bentgrass maintained at 0.6 inch mowing height, with three bermudagrass plugs planted per plot. Three rates (Table 1.) and application timings are being evaluated for optimal bermudagrass control with the least im-pact to creeping bentgrass. The ‘late spring’ timing was first applied when bermudagrass starts to green up (May 15th), ‘summer’ timing was initiated on June 5th, and ‘early fall’ will be applied in late August. All applications were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack boom sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8004 flat fan nozzle tips calibrated to deliver 44 gal/acre. Evaluations for turfgrass quality, phytotoxcity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and bermu-dagrass control are evaluated weekly throughout the course of the experiment.

Current FindingsLate spring and summer applications of Pylex™ resulted in unacceptable turfgrass injury (Table 3.) within 7 days after application. Turfgrass was injured regardless of application rate and phytotoxcity lasted approximately 14 days after treatment. Injury was observed as bleaching of the leaf blades. Plots treated with Pylex ™ completely recovered within 21 days or before the sequential application. Following three total applications (late spring), creeping bentgrass was most injured by the 1.0 oz/acre rate of Pylex™, with less injury as rates were reduced. Bermudagrass showed a differ-ential suppression compared to creeping bentgrass. The bermudagrass plugs remained injured for up to 21 days and complete death was observed shortly after this period. Bermudagrass control is evaluated weekly, however data was not presented in this handout.

NOTE: It is important to note that Pylex™ is NOT labeled for creeping bentgrass. This study is only looking at creeping bentgrass tolerance to Pylex™; we do not recommend applying Pylex™ on creeping bentgrass, regardless of mowing height. However, Pylex appears to be a new option for controlling bermudagrass in tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass or perennial ryegrass turf, where turf tolerance is much greater.

Table 1. Description of Pylex™ treatments applied in this trial.

Treatment Number Treatment Rate (fl oz/acre)

Application Timing

Re-application Interval (days)

Total applications

1 --- --- --- --- ---2 Pylex1 0.5 Late Spring 21 33 Pylex 0.75 Late Spring 21 34 Pylex 1.0 Late Spring 21 35 Pylex 0.5 Summer 21 36 Pylex 0.75 Summer 21 37 Pylex 1.0 Summer 21 38 Pylex 0.5 Early Fall 21 39 Pylex 0.75 Early Fall 21 3

10 Pylex 1.0 Early Fall 21 31Pylex treatments included 0.5% v/v Methylated Seed Oil.


3 5 4 1 6 10 9 7 8 210 9 2 8 7 1 6 4 3 52 6 7 9 3 8 1 10 5 41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

17

Table 2. Turfgrass quality following treatments of Pylex™.

Treatment Number

TreatmentRate

(fl oz/acre)Application

TimingTurf Quality

5/15 5/22 5/29 6/5 6/12 6/20 6/261 --- --- --- 8.0 a1 7.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a2 Pylex 0.5 Late Spring 8.0 a 5.0 b 7.8 a 7.3 b 4.0 b 7.0 b 7.8 a 3 Pylex 0.75 Late Spring 8.0 a 5.0 b 7.0 b 7.0 c 3.5 c 6.0 c 6.8 b4 Pylex 1.0 Late Spring 8.0 a 5.0 b 6.3 c 7.0 c 3.0 d 5.0 d 6.0 c5 Pylex 0.5 Summer 8.0 a 7.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a6 Pylex 0.75 Summer 8.0 a 7.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a7 Pylex 1.0 Summer 8.0 a 7.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a8 Pylex 0.5 Early Fall 8.0 a 7.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a9 Pylex 0.75 Early Fall 8.0 a 7.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a

10 Pylex 1.0 Early Fall 8.0 a 7.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a 8.0 a1Means followed by the same letter within the same column are not significantly different according to Fishers Protected LSD (P=0.05)

Table 3. Turfgrass phytotoxcity following treatments of Pylex™

Treatment Number

TreatmentRate


TimingTurf Phytotoxcity

5/15 5/22 5/29 6/5 6/12 6/20 6/261 --- --- --- 9.0 a1 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a2 Pylex 0.5 Late Spring 9.0 a 5.0 b 8.3 b 9.0 a 4.0 b 8.0 b 8.3 b3 Pylex 0.75 Late Spring 9.0 a 5.0 b 7.0 c 9.0 a 3.8 b 6.0 c 7.5 c4 Pylex 1.0 Late Spring 9.0 a 5.0 b 6.0 d 9.0 a 2.3 c 5.0 d 6.3 d5 Pylex 0.5 Summer 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a6 Pylex 0.75 Summer 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a7 Pylex 1.0 Summer 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a8 Pylex 0.5 Early Fall 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a9 Pylex 0.75 Early Fall 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a

10 Pylex 1.0 Early Fall 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a 9.0 a1Means followed by the same letter within the same column are not significantly different according to Fishers Protected LSD (P=0.05)

Table 4. NDVI following treatments of Pylex™

Treatment Number

TreatmentRate


TimingNDVI

5/22 5/29 6/5 6/12 6/20 6/261 --- --- --- 0.79 a1 0.87 a 0.84 a 0.82 a 0.84 a 0.86 ab2 Pylex 0.5 Late Spring 0.75 de 0.84 b 0.79 a 0.71 c 0.79 b 0.83 bc3 Pylex 0.75 Late Spring 0.75 cde 0.82 b 0.79 a 0.66 d 0.75 c 0.80 cd4 Pylex 1.0 Late Spring 0.74 de 0.79 c 0.77 a 0.61 e 0.68 d 0.78 d5 Pylex 0.5 Summer 0.78 ab 0.84 b 0.81 a 0.80 ab 0.83 a 0.86 ab6 Pylex 0.75 Summer 0.78 ab 0.84 b 0.80 a 0.80 ab 0.83 a 0.87 a7 Pylex 1.0 Summer 0.78 abc 0.85 b 0.81 a 0.80 ab 0.84 a 0.86 ab8 Pylex 0.5 Early Fall 0.77 bcd 0.83 b 0.79 a 0.78 b 0.83 a 0.87 a9 Pylex 0.75 Early Fall 0.77 bcd 0.84 b 0.79 a 0.78 b 0.83 a 0.87 ab

10 Pylex 1.0 Early Fall 0.78 ab 0.84 ab 0.80 a 0.80 ab 0.84 a 0.87 a1Means followed by the same letter within the same column are not significantly different according to Fishers Protected LSD (P=0.05)

18

Evaluation Of Multiple Fungicide Programs For Summer Disease Control On A Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green

Daniel Earlywine and Lee Miller

SummaryFungicide programs are designed by turf managers to control the wide variety of diseases that may be encountered throughout the season. Rotating fungicides with different chemistries and modes of action can provide better control of diseases and decrease the possibility of fungicide resistance. Two separate fungicide program trials were designed to evaluate fungicide programs using new fungicide chemistries for summer disease management on a creeping bentgrass putting green (cv. ‘Penn A4’). Fungicide applications for both trials were initiated on May 8 before any disease symp-toms were observed in the trial area, and will continue through mid August (see treatment list on following page). On May 13, rye grain infested with three isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa was uniformly applied at 25cc per plot using a small broadcast spreader. Inoculum was left on the turf surface for 3 days to enable pathogen establishment.

Current FindingsInitial dollar spot symptoms were first observed on May 22 in both trial areas. On the Jun 19 rating date, no disease was observed in program treated plots in both trials. In both trials, all programs have significantly lower disease severity than the untreated control, and no differences have been noted in among program treatments. Similarly, turf quality is significantly higher in all program treated plots than the untreated control. As the season continues, ratings will con-tinue every two weeks to record any changes in disease activity or turf quality.

Trial 1- Programs 1 and 2 Disease Control

Brown PatchSeverity (%)w

Fairy Ring Severity (%)x

Dollar Spot Incidence(# of infection centers)

yTurf Qualityz

Treatment Application Interval 19 Jun

Untreated Control 18.5 av 6.0 a 43.3 a 3.1 bProgram 1 14d 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.0 b 8.1 aProgram 2 14d 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.0 b 8.0 az Turfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity. yDollar spot infection centers are means of counts per plot. xFairy Ring severity based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).wBrown Patch severity based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).vValues are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100)

Trial 2- Program 3-6 Disease Control

Dollar Spot Incidence(# of infection centers)y

Brown PatchSeverity (%)w Turf Qualityz

Treatment Application Interval 19 Jun

Untreated Control 33.0 aw 6.3 a 4.1 bProgram 3 14d 0.0 b 0.0 b 7.1 aProgram 4 14d 0.0 b 0.0 b 7.2 aProgram 5 14d 0.0 b 0.0 b 7.1 aProgram 6 14d 0.0 b 0.0 b 7.0 azTurfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity.yBrown Patch severity based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).xDollar spot infection centers are means of counts per plot.wValues are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100)

19

Trial 1. Treatment list and application dates for programs 1 and 2.

Program 1 Program 2

Treatment Rate/M Application Date Treatment Rate/M Application Date

Daconil Action +Secure +Appear

3.5 fl oz+0.5 fl oz+6.0 fl oz

May 8May 22June 19July 17July 31Aug 14

Daconil Action+Secure+Appear


May 8June 5July 3

July 31Aug 14

Daconil Action+Briskway+Appear


June 5July 3

Daconil Action+Briskway+

Appear


May 22June 19July 17

Trial 2. Treatment list with application dates for programs.

Program 3 Program 4 Program 5 Program 6

Treatment Rate/M Treatment Rate/M Treatment Rate/M Treatment Rate/MApplication

Date

Lexicon Intrinsic 0.47 fl oz Headway 3.0 fl oz Disarm M 1.0 fl oz Tartan 2.0 fl oz May 8

Insignia SC 0.7 fl oz Heritage TL 2.0 fl oz Disarm 0.36 fl oz Compass 0.25 oz May 22

Spectro 90 5.75 oz Spectro 90 5.75 oz Spectro 90 5.75 oz Spectro 90 5.75 oz June 5

Signature 4.0 oz Signature 4.0 oz Signature 4.0 oz Signature 4.0 oz June 19

Daconil Ultrex 3.2 oz Daconil

Ultex 3.2 oz Daconil Ultrex 3.2 oz Daconil

Ultrex 3.2 oz June 19

Insignia SC 0.9 fl oz Heritage TL 2.0 fl oz Disarm 0.36 fl oz Compass 0.25 oz July 3

Signature 4.0 oz Signature 4.0 oz Signature 4.0 oz Signature 4.0 oz July 17

Daconil Ultrex 3.2 oz Daconil

Ultrex 3.2 oz Daconil Ultrex 3.2 oz Daconil

Ultrex 3.2 oz July 17

Chipco 26 GT 4.0 fl oz Chipco 26

GT 4.0 fl oz Chipco 26 GT 4.0 fl oz Chipco 26

GT 4.0 fl oz July 31

Lexicon Intrinsic 0.47 fl oz Headway 3.0 fl oz Disarm M 1.0 fl oz Tartan 2.0 fl oz August 14

Trial 1 MapProgram 2 Untreated

Control Program 1

Program 1 Program 2 UntreatedControl

Program 2 UntreatedControl Program 1

UntreatedControl Program 1 Program 2

5 x 5 ft plots in both trials

Trial 2 MapProgram 6 Untreated

Control Program 5 Program 4 Program 3

Program 3 Program 6 Program 4 Untreated Control Program 5

Program 4 Program 5 Program 6 Program 3 Untreated Control

Untreated Control Program 3 Program 4 Program 5 Program 6

20

Cool Season Turfgrass - National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Trials

Brad Fresenburg and Daniel Earlywine

The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP)* has been and still is one of the most widely known sources for in-formation on turfgrass species, cultivar selections and evaluations. NTEP is designed to develop and coordinate uniform evaluation trials and now covers 17 species in their program within 40 U.S. states and six provinces of Canada. Results can be used to determine if a cultivar is well adapted to a local area or level of turf maintenance. Each trial is designed to have a specific maintenance program followed during the life of the trial at a particular location. That infor-mation can be found on their website. Information such as turfgrass quality, color, density, resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to heat, cold, drought and traffic is collected and summarized by NTEP annually. NTEP information is used by individuals and companies in thirty countries. Plant breeders, turfgrass researchers and extension personnel use NTEP data to identify improved environmentally-sound turfgrasses. Local and state government entities, such as parks and highway departments, use NTEP for locating resource-efficient varieties. Most important, growers and consumers use NTEP extensively to pur-chase drought tolerant, pest resistant, attractive and durable seed or sod. It is the acceptance by the end-user that has made NTEP the standard for turfgrass evaluation in the U.S. and many other countries worldwide.

*Information from NTEP website. Two cool-season NTEP trials are being conducted at the University of Missouri Turfgrass Research Facility. They are the 2012 Tall Fescue and 2010 Perennial Ryegrass trials. We are in the first year of this tall fescue trial and the third season of the ryegrass trial. The following is the maintenance guidelines set forth by NTEP for these two trials. Both trials are scheduled to run for four years with the fescue trial ending in December of 2016 and the ryegrass trial ending in December of 2014.

Maintenance guidelines:2012 Tall Fescue Trial 2010 Perennial Ryegrass Trial

Mowing height: 2.5 to 3.5” 1.5 to 2.5 “Nitrogen rate: 0 to 0.25 lb/1000 sqft** 0.3 to 0.5 lb/1000 sqft**Irrigation: 50 to 65% potential ET None, only to prevent dormancyHerbicides: Minimal to prevent stand loss Minimal to prevent stand lossFungicides: None NoneInsecticides: None None**Per growing month, however not monthly applications, 2-4 applications annually.

Attached are plot plans of these two trials. Feel free to look through the numerous cultivars on-site and try to pick your favorites.

21

2012 Tall Fescue NTEP Trial S

19 109 103 32 15 69 55 Revolution

26 4 104 51 22 114 25 8 102 17 60

47 106 68 39 18 13 12 62 14 21 24

101 99 115 95 87 63 84 9 27 64 2

6 82 77 43 90 40 85 61 29 97 16

67 100 53 38 89 59 76 108 35 112 81

110 42 86 73 31 56 28 80 96 7 105

66 111 20 107 88 116 10 41 75 79 58

78 1 30 44 23 71 3 92 11 5 54

48 72 49 98 46 94 83 93 36 52 91

18 57 65 74 37 34 45 70 33 50 113

106 4 14 24 26 12 109 22 8 114 25

76 28 105 1 31 87 96 17 102 104 13

85 20 30 111 32 21 15 103 97 81 89

19 2 5 115 9 93 11 40 45 10 29

69 6 47 36 46 86 42 59 95 65 35

72 108 98 7 53 27 116 33 56 41 44

3 100 37 23 48 34 51 55 75 90 50

112 113 68 49 91 99 16 88 71 60 74

52 73 84 39 78 38 54 63 61 43 107

66 110 64 57 83 92 101 82 70 94 79

26 24 103 104 114 102 77 80 67 62 58

11 28 76 96 59 106 19 105 97 12 25

15 22 4 32 9 14 111 20 27 13 29

85 116 3 39 10 21 87 95 31 88 6

18 100 5 1 45 23 30 40 2 16 115

112 91 92 72 84 74 68 113 101 7 90

36 98 17 8 109 56 38 43 53 54 48

33 37 86 108 58 44 50 46 65 78 41

94 80 79 110 42 69 89 83 49 34 93

35 81 107 82 60 99 47 70 67 63 77

71 75 57 62 52 51 61 73 66 55 64

5 X 5 plots, RCBD, 3 replications, 116 cultivars (55’ X 160’) Planted: October 2, 2012

22

2012 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST Entries and Sponsors

Entry No. Name Sponsor Entry No. Name Sponsor 1 Teranno Samillas Fito S.A. 59 Firebird 2 Burlingham Seeds 2 Ky-31 Standard Entry 60 Bullseye Standard Entry 3 Regenerate Landmark Turf & Native Seed 61 PST-5EV2 Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 4 Fesnova Semillas Fito S.A. 62 PST-5GRB Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 5 ZW 44 Z Seeds 63 PST-5SALT Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 6 W45 Turf Merchants, Inc. 64 PST-5SDT Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 7 U43 Turf Merchants, Inc. 65 PST-5DZP Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 8 LSD Turf Merchants, Inc. 66 PST-5RO5 Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 9 Aquaduct Turf Merchants, Inc. 67 PST-5BPO Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 10 Catalyst Standard Entry 68 PST-5BRK Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 11 Marauder Ledeboer Seed LLC 69 DB1 John Deere Landscapes 12 Warhawk Ledeboer Seed LLC 70 RZ2 John Deere Landscapes 13 Annihilator Ledeboer Seed LLC 71 TD1 Columbia Seeds LLC 14 Comp. Res. SST Ledeboer Seed LLC 72 DZ1 Columbia Seeds LLC 15 204 Res. Blk4 Ledeboer Seed LLC 73 T31 Landmark Turf & Native Seed 16 JS 819 Jacklin Seed by Simplot® 74 PSG-GSD Pickseed West, Inc. 17 JS 818 Jacklin Seed by Simplot® 75 PSG-8BP2 Pickseed West, Inc. 18 JS 809 Jacklin Seed by Simplot® 76 PSG-TT4 Pickseed West, Inc. 19 JS 916 Jacklin Seed by Simplot® 77 Faith Standard Entry 20 JS 825 Jacklin Seed by Simplot® 78 K 12-13 The Scotts Company 21 MET 1 The Scotts Company 79 K 12-05 The Scotts Company 22 F711 The Scotts Company 80 PPG-TF-156 Peak Plant Genetics 23 IS-TF 291 DLF International Seed 81 PPG-TF-157 Columbia Seeds LLC 24 IS-TF 276 M2 DLF International Seed 82 PPG-TF-169 Columbia Seeds LLC 25 IS-TF 305 SEL DLF International Seed 83 PPG-TF-170 Columbia Seeds LLC 26 IS-TF 269 SEL DLF International Seed 84 PPG-TF-137 Lewis Seed Company 27 IS-TF 282 M2 DLF International Seed 85 PPG-TF-135 Ampac Seed Company 28 IS-TF 284 M2 DLF International Seed 86 PPG-TF-115 Lewis Seed Company 29 OR-21 Great Basin Seed 87 PPG-TF-105 Lewis Seed Company 30 TY 10 Great Basin Seed 88 PPG-TF-172 Peak Plant Genetics 31 Exp TF-09 Great Basin Seed 89 PPG-TF-151 Grassland Oregon 32 SRX-TPC Seed Research of Oregon 90 PPG-TF-152 Peak Plant Genetics 33 PSG-WE1 Pickseed West, Inc. 91 PPG-TF-148 Peak Plant Genetics 34 Pick-W43 Pickseed West, Inc. 92 PPG-TF-150 Columbia Seeds LLC 35 Grade 3 Pickseed West, Inc. 93 Bizem Semillas Fito S.A. 36 PSG-PO1 Pickseed West, Inc. 94 CCR2 Proseeds Marketing 37 U45 Landmark Turf & Native Seed 95 MET-3 Proseeds Marketing 38 B23 Pennington Seed 96 W41 The Scotss Company 39 ATF 1612 Pennington Seed 97 PPG-TF-145 Peak Plant Genetics 40 ATF 1704 Pennington Seed 98 PPG-TF-138 Ampac Seed Company 41 Burl TF-2 Burlingham Seed 99 PPG-TF-139 Landmark Turf & Native Seed 42 Burl TF-136 Burlingham Seed 100 PPG-TF-142 Landmark Turf & Native Seed 43 LTP-FSD Lebanon Turf Products 101 RAD-TF-89 Columbia Seeds LLC 44 LTP-TWUU Lebanon Turf Products 102 RAD-TF-92 Radix Research 45 LTP-F5DPDR Lebanon Turf Products 103 GO-DFR Grasslands Oregon 46 IS-TF 289 DLF International Seed 104 K 12-MCD The Scotts Company 47 MET 6 SEL DLF International Seed 105 PST-5EX2 Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 48 IS-TF 330 Columbia Seeds LLC 106 PST-5MVD Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 49 TF-287 Columbia Seeds LLC 107 RAD-TF-83 Oak Park Farms 50 IS-TF 307 SEL Columbia Seeds LLC 108 RAD-TF-88 Grassland Oregon 51 IS-TF 308 SEL Columbia Seeds LLC 109 BAR Fa 120878 Barenbrug USA 52 IS-TF 311 Brett-Young Seeds 110 BAR Fa 121089 Barenbrug USA 53 IS-TF 285 Brett-Young Seeds 111 BAR Fa 121091 Barenbrug USA 54 IS-TF 310 SEL Brett-Young Seeds 112 BAR Fa 121095 Barenbrug USA 55 IS-TF 272 DLF International Seed 113 PST-R5NW Pure-Seed Testing, Inc. 56 ATF 1736 Pennington Seed 114 Burl TF-69 Burlingham Seeds 57 ATF 1754 Brett-Young Seeds 115 Falcon IV Standard Entry 58 Hemi Burlingham Seeds 116 Falcon V Standard Entry UPDATED 8/28/12

23

2010 NTEP Perennial Ryegrass N

49 45 83 15 79 40 59 5

38 39 43 8 3 46 80 44

25 61 36 37 50 11 4 88

71 32 47 70 86 54 68 67

69 58 21 10 77 82 56 42

73 20 31 19 51 66 81 33

23 16 85 22 84 35 65 78

74 60 28 12 72 62 87 30

57 24 18 75 64 7 53 29

34 14 63 13 2 41 76 17

27 52 1 26 6 9 55 48

72 26 32 70 68 14 63 2

8 13 17 51 64 76 11 33

20 74 59 10 65 41 52 84

77 15 5 45 61 25 46 24

7 58 1 50 18 30 29 4

57 9 44 27 78 60 25 12

56 39 49 62 69 36 22 21

40 6 79 38 75 3 66 28

55 80 54 48 19 16 47 37

81 34 43 86 83 85 71 67

88 87 82 42 53 31 23 73

75 22 42 20 38 84 77 78

30 16 14 28 49 7 25 70

59 19 13 12 24 4 18 87

65 60 58 82 81 76 32 83

6 23 21 54 31 15 5 86

48 73 37 8 11 66 29 46

55 51 53 1 3 2 69 36

39 64 72 56 68 33 74 85

40 17 10 35 61 47 88 80

26 52 27 43 67 71 63 50

41 62 44 45 34 9 79 57

5 X 5 plots, RCBD, 3 replications, 88 cultivars (40’ X 165’) Planted: Oct. 1, 2010

24

2010 NATIONAL PERENNIAL RYEGRASS TEST Entries and Sponsors

Entry No. Name Sponsor Entry No. Name Sponsor 1 Rinovo Semillas Fito 46 ISG-31 Integrated Seeds 2 CL 11601 The Scotts Company 47 A-35 Allied Seeds 3 PR 909 Turf Merchants, Inc. 48 CS-PR66 Columbia Seeds 4 CL 11701 Turf Merchants, Inc. 49 CST Columbia Seeds 5 APR 2036 Brett Young Seeds Ltd. 50 JR-178 Jacklin Seed by Simplot® 6 Linn Standard Entry 51 JR-192 Jacklin Seed by Simplot® 7 Uno Standard Entry 52 PSRX-3701 Pickseed USA & Seed Res of OR 8 DLF LGD-3026 DLF International Seeds 53 Pick 10401 Pickseed USA, Inc. 9 DLF LGD-3022 DLF International Seeds 54 Mach I Standard Entry 10 PSRX-S84 Pickseed USA & Seed Research of OR 55 RAD-PR62 Radix Research 11 SRX-4RHD Seed Research of Oregon 56 RAD-PR55R Lewis Seed 12 P02 Novel AG 57 IS-PR 409 Brett Young Seeds Ltd. 13 S85 Novel AG 58 IS-PR 463 DLF International Seeds 14 LTP-RAE Lebanon Turf Products 59 IS-PR 469 DLF International Seeds 15 Allante Ledeboer Seed/Pro-Turf Solutions-OVS 60 IS-PR 479 DLF International Seeds 16 Insight Ledeboer Seed/Pro-Turf Solutions-OVS 61 IS-PR 487 DLF International Seeds 17 Sienna Ledeboer Seed/Pro-Turf Solutions-OVS 62 IS-PR 488 DLF International Seeds 18 Brightstar SLT Standard Entry 63 IS-PR 489 DLF International Seeds 19 CL 307 Pennington Seed Company 64 IS-PR 491 DLF International Seeds 20 APR 2320 Pennington Seed Company 65 IS-PR 492 DLF International Seeds 21 APR 2038 Smith Seed Services 66 DLF LGT 4182 DLF International Seeds 22 PPG-PR 121 Ampac Seed Company 67 ISG-30 Integrated Seeds 23 PPG-PR 128 Integra Turf, Inc. 68 PST-204D Landmark Native Seeds 24 PPG-PR 133 Mountain View Seeds 69 PST-2NKM Landmark Native Seeds 25 PPG-PR 134 Mountain View Seeds 70 PST-2DR9 Pure-Seed Testing 26 LTP-PR 135 Lebanon Turf Products 71 PST-2MG7 Pure-Seed Testing 27 PPG-PR 136 Lewis Seed 72 PST-2TQL Pure-Seed Testing 28 PPG-PR 137 Columbia Seeds 73 PST-2AG4 Brett Young Seeds Ltd. 29 PPG-PR 138 Ampac Seed Company 74 PST-2MAGS Turf Merchants, Inc. 30 PPG-PR 140 Mountain View Seeds 75 PST-2K9 The Scotts Company 31 PPG-PR 142 Peak Plant Genetics 76 PST-2BNS Pure-Seed Testing 32 PPG-PR 143 Columbia Seeds 77 PST-2ACR Pure-Seed Testing 33 PPG-PR 164 Mountain View Seeds 78 Rio Vista Burlingham Seeds 34 PPG-PR 165 Peak Plant Genetics 79 Octane Burlingham Seeds 35 BAR Lp 10969 Barenbrug USA 80 Bonneville Burlingham Seeds 36 BAR Lp 10972 Barenbrug USA 81 PSRX-4CAGL Pickseed USA & Seed Res of OR 37 BAR Lp 10970 Barenbrug USA 82 GO-DHS Grassland Oregon 38 2NJK Barenbrug USA 83 GO-PR60 Grassland Oregon 39 BAR Lp 7608 Barenbrug USA 84 GM3 Landmark Native Seeds 40 Pinnacle Standard Entry 85 PRX-4GM1 Pickseed USA & Seed Res of OR 41 APR 2445 ProSeeds Marketing 86 SRX-4MSH Seed Research of Oregon 42 Fiesta 4 Standard Entry 87 Pick 4DFHM Pickseed USA, Inc. 43 GO-G37 Grassland Oregon 88 Palmer V Standard Entry 44 CS-20 Columbia Seeds 45 ISG-36 Integrated Seeds UPDATED 9/10/10

25

Hunting Billbug ControlBrad Fresenburg, Lee Miller and Daniel Earlywine

Over the past several years, zoysiagrass lawns have been facing decline due to several pests. Cool, wet springs have created situations for Large Patch disease (Rhizoctonia solani) to show itself due to the slow spring growth of zoysia-grass with cooler temperatures. Actual infection of the fungal pathogen, however, occurs in the early fall. Active spring outbreaks show leaves on the perimeter of patches turning a brilliant orange color in the morning or after a rain event. Another damaging pest of zoysiagrass showing up the past couple of years is chinch bug (Blissus spp.). They are the most damaging insect pest in zoysiagrass. Unlike large patch, chinch bug damage occurs in the hot, dry summer months and most closely resembles drought damage. Affected areas are solid, not patchy, and will usually start on one side of the lawn and progress throughout as the chinch bug population builds and moves.

A third pest making its presence known in Missouri in zoysiagrass lawns is hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus). Their presence has been significant over the past two years. Unlike chinch bugs, hunting billbugs are more anonymous and elusive. Because of this, little is known of hunting billbug biology. Adults are reddish brown-black, 1/2-inch long, have a curved snout, and are most active during the night and early morning hours.

Billbugs are thought to overwinter as adults, and lay eggs in grass stems/leaf sheaths in mid-late spring. Billbug larvae, which unlike annual white grubs are legless, hatch and feed by boring into lower leaf stems. Larvae become larger and also feed on stolons, which are left characteristically hollowed out in early summer. At this point, zoysia will easily pull away from the soil, and symptoms will occur as yellow areas that even-tually brown and die out, resembling drought damage. Moni-toring both adult and larval hunting billbug activity is difficult. The most effective method for detection of adult activity is cre-ating several pitfall traps in the lawn by digging a few holes and

placing plastic cups level to the soil surface. Adults will fall into the cup overnight and can be counted over a few days. Early larval stages are small and difficult to detect, but larger larvae in July can be observed by pulling zoysia away from the soil. In areas where hunting billbug damage has been identified, preventive long lasting insecticides are recom-mended in late May – early June (same time frame for annual white grubs) to target both adults and larvae.

An active population of hunting billbug at the University of Missouri Turfgrass & Ornamental Learning Center provides us an opportunity to do some research on this elusive insect. A block of ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass had a significant population of hunting billbug in 2012 and early indications show they are still present in 2013.

This trial will look at several treatments for efficacy based on percent control and/or plot damage. Zoysiagrass color and quality will also be evaluated with the zoysiagrass being maintained at a fairway height.

Treatment Number Product Rate/Acre Special Instructions/ Interval

1 Acelepryn 8 fl oz Single application.2 Acelepryn 12 fl oz Single application.3 Meridian 25WG + Scimi-

tar GC7.3 oz + 5.5 fl oz Two applications on 30 day interval.

Make 1st application at adult activity.4 Exp 1 WP 10.6 oz Two applications on 30 day interval.

Make 1st application at adult activity.5 Exp 2 SC 8 fl oz Single application at adult activity.6 Untreated --- ---

TREATMENT LIST:

Treatments are being applied in 2 gallons of water per 1,000 sqft at 30 to 40 psi with a flat fan tip. Treatments are also being watered-in with 0.2 inches of water immediately following applications. Pitfall traps have been installed within each plot to monitor adult activity and efficacy. Results should be available following the 2013 season. Feel free to visit this site at field day to observe the pitfall traps and perhaps get a first-hand look at a hunting billbug.

26

Investigation of Root-Knot Nematode Infestations on Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens in Missouri Lee Miller and Daniel Earlywine

SummaryIn the summers of 2012 and 2013, root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infestations have become an issue on creep-ing bentgrass putting greens in Missouri. A common threshold for for creeping bentgrass putting greens from labs around the country are 80 + root-knot juveniles/100 cc of soil. In 2013, declining green samples from five courses have been submitted to the Mizzou Plant Nematology Laboratory, and two well eclipsed this threshold (270 + root-knot juve-niles/100 cc). During the height of the 2012 summer season (late June), two courses with declining putting green areas were found to have levels from 1500 – 26,000 juveniles/100 cc of soil. Symptoms at these four courses included heavily galled, shortened roots, and a rapid turf decline during heat stress.

Methods & Current ResultsThe MU turf pathology program is investigating these root-knot nematode infestations by identifying the species in-volved and evaluating field control methods. The likely species involved is M. naasi, which has been in reported northern Illinois affecting creeping bentgrass, but M. minor, which is prominent in the southeastern U.S., may also be responsible.

Multiguard and Nortica are currently labeled for nematode control in Missouri, and Avid has a 24c label for use on putting greens for ring and sting nematode control. The efficacy of these products for root-knot nematode control is unknown. Both labeled and experimental nematicides for root knot nematode control are being evaluated at field trials conducted at St. Albans Country Club in St. Albans, MO, and Eagle Knoll Golf Club in Hartsburg, MO. Nematode counts have been recorded before treatment, and will be recorded again 8 and 16 weeks after treatment initiation. First ap-plications were made on May 29 and June 20 at St. Albans and Eagle Knoll, respectively. To date, no turf damage or dif-ferences in turf quality has been noted in the trial area.

27

Evaluation of Bayleton Flo, Mirage, and Torque for early season dollar spot control on fairway height creeping bentgrassDaniel Earlywine and Lee Miller

SummaryThis trial was to evaluate multiple fungicide programs for residual dollar spot control when applied preventatively on ‘Penneagle II’ creeping bentgrass fairway. Treatments consisted of Bayleton Flo (0.5 fl oz/1000 ft2) (AC) alternated with Fiata (2.0 gal/A) (BDE), Bayleton Flo (1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2) (AC), Mirage (1.0 fl oz//1000 ft2) (AC) alternated with Fiata (2.0 gal/A) (BDE), Mirage (1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2) (AC), Torque (0.6 fl oz/1000 ft2) (AC), and Torque (0.6 fl oz/1000 ft2) al-ternated with Agri-Fos (1.7 gal/A) (BDE). On 13 May, rye grain infested with three isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa was uniformly applied at 25cc per plot using a small broadcast spreader. Inoculum was left on the turf surface for 3 days to enable pathogen establishment.

Current FindingsAll treatments were initiated on May 7. Dollar spot was first observed in the trial area on May 21. No significant differ-ences were noted in dollar spot incidence on May 21 rating date (one week after inoculation) in treated and untreated plots. By Jun 18, no dollar spot was noted in fungicide treated plots and had significantly lower dollar spot incidence compared to the untreated control. No differences were noted in turf quality among treated plots and had significantly higher ratings than the untreated control. Ratings will continue every 2 weeks throughout the summer as the dollar spot epidemic progresses.

Dollar Spot Incidence(# of infection centers)y Turf Qualityz

Treatment Rate Application Interval 21 May 18 Jun 25 Jun

Untreated Control………... 0.8 ax 21.0 a 5.3 bBayleton Flo followed by Fiata……………………

0.5 fl oz/1000 ft2

2.0 gal/AACW

BDE 0.0 a 0.0 b 7.6 aBayleton Flo……………….. 1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2 AC 0.0 a 0.0 b 7.5 aMirage followed by Fiata……………………

1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2

2.0 gal/AAC

BDE 0.0 a 0.0 b 7.6 aMirage………...………...……. 1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2 AC 0.0 a 0.0 b 7.6 aTorque………...………...…… 0.6 fl oz/1000 ft2 AC 0.0 a 0.0 b 7.3 aTorque followed by Agri-Fos………………

0.6 fl oz/1000 ft2

1.7 gal/AAC

BDE 0.0 a 0.0 b 7.7 az Turfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity.y Dollar spot infection centers are means of counts per plot.x Values are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).w Application code indicates application date of each application: A-7 May, B-21 May, C-4 Jun, D-18 Jun, E-2 Jul.

28

5 x 5 ftplots

Trial Map

Untreated Control

Bayleton Flo(0.5 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)


(AC)

Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)

Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)

Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)

(AC)

Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Agri-Fos(1.7 gal/A)

(BDE)

Untreated Control


(AC)Untreated Control

Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)

Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)

Untreated Control

Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Agri-Fos(1.7 gal/A)

(BDE)


(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)

Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)

(AC)


(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)

Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)


Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)

Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)



Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Agri-Fos(1.7 gal/A)

(BDE)

Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)

(AC)

Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)

Torque(0.6 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Agri-Fos(1.7 gal/A)

(BDE)

Untreated Control

Untreated Control


(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)


(AC)

Mirage(1.0 fl oz/M)

(AC)+

Fiata(2.0 gal/A)

(BDE)

29

Evaluating Bayleton, Tartan, and Torque for residual dollar spot control on ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrassDaniel Earlywine and Lee Miller

SummaryThis trial was to evaluate multiple fungicides for residual dollar spot control when applied preventatively on ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass golf green. Plots were mowed 3-5 times a week at a height of 0.130 inches. Treatments consisted of Bayleton Flo (1.0 and 1.5 fl oz/1000 ft2), Tartan (1.5 and 2.0 fl oz/1000 ft2), and Torque (1.1 fl oz/ 1000 ft2). All treat-ments were initiated on 29 Apr with a sequential application on 27 May, before dollar spot was observed in the trial area.

Current FindingsOn 25 Jun, the first observation of dollar spot and brown patch were noted in the trial area. Due to a minimal disease infestation thus far, no significant differences in dollar spot, brown patch severity, or turf quality have been noted among fungicide treated plots compared to the untreated control. Ratings are ongoing and will continue throughout the sum-mer as disease severity progresses.

Trial 2- Program 3-6 Disease Control

Dollar Spot Incidence(# of infection centers)x

Brown PatchSeverity (%)y Turf Qualityz

Treatment Rate/1000 ft2 Application Interval 25 Jun 25 Jun 25 Jun

Untreated Control 2.5 aw 3.8 a 5.8 aBayleton Flo 1.0 fl oz ABv 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.5 aBayleton Flo 1.5 fl oz AB 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.6 aTartan 1.5 fl oz AB 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.0 aTartan 2.0 fl oz AB 0.0 a 0.0 a 7.2 aTorque 1.1 fl oz AB 0.0 a 1.3 a 6.7 az Turfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity.y Brown Patch severity based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).x Dollar spot infection centers are means of counts per plot.w Values are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).v Application code indicates application date of each application: A-29 Apr, B-27 May.

5 x 5 ft plots

Trial MapTartan

(2.0 fl oz/M)(AB)

Torque(1.1 fl oz/M)(AB)

Untreated Control

Bayleton Flo (1.5 fl oz/M)

(AB)


(AB)

Tartan(1.5 fl oz/M)

(AB)


(AB)

Tartan(1.5 fl oz/M)(AB)

Tartan(2.0 fl oz/M)

(AB)


(AB)

Untreated Control

Torque(1.1 fl oz/M)

(AB)

Tartan(2.0 fl oz/M)

(AB)

Bayleton Flo (1.5 fl

oz/M)(AB)

Torque(1.1 fl oz/M)

(AB)

Untreated Control

Tartan(1.5 fl oz/M)

(AB)


(AB)

Untreated Control


oz/M)(AB)


(AB)

Tartan(1.5 fl oz/M)

(AB)

Tartan(2.0 fl oz/M)

(AB)

Torque(1.1 fl oz/M)

(AB)

30

Evaluation Of Boscalid For Early Dollar Spot Control On ‘Penn A4’ Creeping BentgrassDaniel Earlywine and Lee Miller

SummaryPreventative fungicide application is key for all turfgrass diseases, but especially for dollar spot control on creeping bentgrass greens. This trial was set up on ‘Penn A4’ creeping bentgrass green mowed at a height of 0.130 inches 3-5 times weekly. A single application of Emerald (0.18 oz/1000 ft2), Honor (1.1 oz/1000 ft2), Insignia (0.7 fl oz/1000 ft2), or Bayleton Flo (1.9 fl oz/1000 ft2) was applied on May 8, before dollar spot was observed in the trial area. Treatments were immediately watered in with 0.2 inches of water.

Current FindingsDollar spot and brown patch were first observed on Jun 19 (6 weeks after initial application) in the trial area. All treat-ments were significantly lower in dollar spot incidence and brown patch severity compared to the untreated control. No differences in the number of dollar spot infection centers per plot and brown patch severity were noted among the fungicides tested. Turf quality was also significantly higher in all treated plots compared to the untreated control. Rat-ings are ongoing and will continue throughout the season as disease severity progresses.

Dollar Spot Incidence(# of infection centers)x

Brown PatchSeverity (%)y Turf Qualityz

Treatment Rate/1000 ft2 Application Interval 19 Jun

Untreated Control 25.0 aw 15.5 a 3.8 cEmerald 0.18 oz Av 2.3 b 2.5 b 6.0 bHonor 1.1 oz A 3.3 b 0.0 b 7.0 aInsignia SC 0.7 fl oz A 4.5 b 0.0 b 6.6 abBayleton Flo 1.9 fl oz A 0.0 b 0.0 b 6.7 abz Turfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity.y Brown Patch severity based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).x Dollar spot infection centers are means of counts per plot.w Values are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).v Application code indicates application date of each application: A-8 May 2013.

5 x 10 ft plots

Trial Map

Honor(1.1

oz/M)

201

Insignia SC(0.7 fl oz/M)

202

Emerald(0.18oz/M)

203


204

Untreated Control

205

Insignia SC

(0.7 fl oz/M)

401

Untreated Control

402

Bayleton Flo

(1.9 fl oz/M)

403

Emerald(0.18oz/M)

404

Honor(1.1

oz/M)

405

Un-treated Control

101

Emerald(0.18oz/M)

102

Honor(1.1 oz/M)

103

Insignia SC

(0.7 fl oz/M)

104


oz/M)

105


oz/M)

301

Emerald(0.18oz/M)

302

Un-treated Control

303

Honor(1.1 oz/M)

304

Insig-nia SC(0.7 fl oz/M)

305

31

Fall And Spring Fungicide Application Timings For Preventive Large Patch Control On Zoysiagrass FairwaysDaniel Earlywine and Lee Miller

SummaryLarge patch is the most serious disease of zoysiagrass on golf fairways and home lawns. Two trials were set up on ‘Mey-er’ zoysiagrass faiways. Trial 1 was initiated at St. Andrews Golf Club in Overland Park, KS in the fall of 2012 to evaluate fall fungicide applications on residual large patch control. Trial 2 was initiated at A.L. Gustin golf course in Columbia, MO to evaluate the impact of fall vs. spring application timing on the efficacy of single preventive fungicide applications for large patch control.

Trial I. Single applications of ProStar (2.2 oz/1000 ft2), Heritage G (3.0 lbs/1000 ft2), Heritage TL (1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2), Torque (0.6 fl oz/1000 ft2), and 3336F (4.0 fl oz/1000 ft2) were applied on Sept 24. Heritage (0.2 oz/1000 ft2), Headway G (4 lbs/1000 ft2), and Triton Flo (0.75 fl oz/1000 ft2), were applied twice in the fall (Sept 24 and Oct 22). Granular prod-ucts, such as Heritage G and Headway G were applied with a shaker bottle and immediately hand-watered in with 0.2”.

Trial II. Treatments consisted of single applications of Heritage (0.2 oz/1000 ft2) and Torque (0.6 fl oz/1000 ft2) applied on A- Sept 20, B- Oct 18, C- April 3, and D- April 24. Both treatments were evaluated in the spring, as zoysiagrass came out of dormancy and large patch activity increased.

Current FindingsTrial I. Air and soil temperatures were cool in Kansas City in April, resulting in a delay in large patch activity until May 15 rating date. Minimal large patch was observed in in the trial area throughout the trial. No significant differences were observed in large patch control among the treatments tested. By 17 June, plots treated with Heritage G (A), Head-way G (AB), and Triton Flo (AB) exhibited acceptable large patch control (<5%) compared to other treatments. Similar trends were also noted in turf quality, with no statistical differences within treated plots.

Trial II. The first observation of large patch in the trial area was on April 24. On that same rating date, no significant differences in turf quality were observed in plots treated with Heritage or Torque, regardless of application timing. As large patch severity increased (June 5) turf quality was at acceptable levels (>5) for all treated plots except single ap-plications of Heritage and Torque (A= 20 Sept). Plots treated with Heritage and Torque in Sept (A) exhibited the least amount of large patch control among the treatments tested and were not significantly lower in large patch severity than the untreated control. Also on June 5 rating date, applications of Heritage (B-18 Oct) and both spring treatments of Heritage and Torque (C and D) exhibited acceptable large patch control (<5%) compared to other application timings. Further testing will investigate this result further, and focus on the effect of application strategy on large patch control.

32

Table 1. Turf Quality and Large Patch Severity (%) at St. Andrews Golf Course in Overland Park, KS.

Turf Qualityy Large Patch Severity (%)z

Treatment Rate/1000 ft2 Application Interval 15 May 17 Jun 15 May 17 Jun

Untreated Control 5.7 ax 4.7 a 1.0 a 13.8 aProStar 2.2 oz Aw 6.7 a 5.3 a 0.0 a 18.3 aHeritage G 3.0 lbs A 6.7 a 6.1 a 0.0 a 2.8 aHeritage TL 1.0 fl oz A 6.6 a 4.7 a 3.0 a 11.8 aTorque 0.6 fl oz A 6.7 a 5.1 a 0.8 a 13.3 a3336F 4.0 fl oz A 4.8 a 5.3 a 11.3 a 10.5 aHeritage WDG 0.2 oz AB 6.8 a 5.7 a 0.5 a 5.5 aHeadway G 4.0 lbs AB 6.8 a 6.8 a 0.8 a 1.3 aTriton Flo 0.75 fl oz AB 6.3 a 6.3 a 0.8 a 3.8 az Large Patch severity based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).y Turfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity.x Values are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).w Application code indicates application date of each application: A-24 Sep 2012, B-22 Oct 2012.

Table 2. Turf Quality and Large Patch Severity (%) at A.L. Gustin Golf Course in Columbia, MO.

Turf Qualityy Large Patch Severity (%)z

Treatment Rate/1000 sqft

Application Interval 24 Apr 5 Jun 24 Apr 22 May 5 June

Untreated Control 3.2 ax 3.5 c 16.3 a 22.5 a 26.3 aHeritage WDG 0.2 oz Aw 3.6 a 4.0 c 2.0 a 6.3 bc 18.0 abTorque 0.6 fl oz A 3.3 a 4.6 bc 18.0 a 16.3 ab 17.5 abcHeritage WDG 0.2 oz B 4.1 a 6.7 a 0.8 a 1.3 c 1.5 dTorque 0.6 fl oz B 4.1 a 6.1 ab 0.0 a 6.3 bc 8.5 bcdHeritage WDG 0.2 oz C 3.7 a 6.7 a 3.8 a 0.5 c 1.8 dTorque 0.6 fl oz C 3.5 a 6.5 a 2.5 a 0.0 c 3.8 cdHeritage WDG 0.2 oz D 4.1 a 6.8 a 0.0 a 0.8 c 2.3 dTorque 0.6 fl oz D 3.6 a 6.8 a 3.3 a 4.0 bc 0.8 dz Large Patch severity based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).y Turfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity.x Values are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).w Application code indicates application date of each application: A-20 Sep 2012, B-18 Oct 2012, C-3 Apr 2013, D- 24 Apr 2013.

33

Preventative And Curative Fungicide Treatments For Dollar Spot Control On Fairway Height Creeping Bentgrass Daniel Earlywine and Lee Miller

SummaryPreventive fungicide applications have historically been the preferred method for dollar spot control on creeping bent-grass greens, fairways, and tee boxes. Trial 1 was designed to evaluate multiple fungicides for preventative control of dollar spot and determine the length of residual control after only a single or double application. Trial 2 was designed to evaluate curative fungicide applica-tions, and determine the time necessary for recovery from infection.

Both trials were placed on a ‘Penneagle II’ creeping bentgrass at a fairway height of 0.70 in. In Trial 1 treatments were first applied on May 7, before dollar spot was observed in plots. On May 13, rye grain infested with three isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa was uniformly applied using a small broadcast spreader at 30cc and 25cc/plot in both trial 1 and 2, respectively. Inoculum was left on the turf surface for 3 days to enable pathogen establishment. Treatments were first applied on May 30 in trial 2 when dollar spot severity in plots was 5-10%.

Current FindingsTrial 1. On both the May 28 and Jun 4 rating date, all treatments were significantly lower in the dollar spot counts per plot than the untreated control. No differences were observed in dollar spot control among fungicide treatments until the 11 Jun when the second application was made. By the 18 Jun rating date, Emerald was still providing the highest dollar spot control when compared to other treatments with a single application (A). Dollar spot incidence remained at acceptable levels (<5) in all fungicide treatments with a second application (B). Ratings will continue throughout the summer as dollar spot continues to get progress and fungicide control breaks down.

Trial 2. Two weeks after the first application (Jun 13 rating date) dollar spot was significantly lower in all fungicide treatments than the untreated control. By Jun 27, all plots were still significantly lower in dollar spot counts compared to the untreated control. Plots treated with Encartis (3.0 and 4.0 fl oz/1000 ft2) (14 and 21d interval) and Xzemplar (0.21 fl oz/1000 ft2) (21d) were significantly lower in dollar spot counts compare to plots treated on 28 d intervals. Additional applications and ratings will continue throughout the season.

345 x 10 ft plots

Trial 1 Map

Untreated ControlConcert II

(8.5 fl oz/M)A

Xzemplar(0.26 fl oz/M)

AB

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

AB

Lexicon Intrinsic (0.34 fl oz/M)

AB

Untreated ControlXzemplar

(0.26 fl oz/M)A

Concert II (8.5 fl oz/M)

AB

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

A


A


AB

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

A


A


ABUntreated Control


AB


A


A

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

ABUntreated Control


A


A


A


AB

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

AB

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

A


AB


ABUntreated Control Untreated Control


A


AB


A


ABUntreated Control

Untreated ControlXzemplar

(0.26 fl oz/M)A


AB

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

A

Emerald(0.18 oz/M)

AB

35

5 x 5 ft plots

Trial 2 Map

Encartis(4.0 fl oz/M)

21 d


14 d

Emerald(0.18 fl oz/M)

28 dUntreated Con-

trol

Xzemplar (0.21 fl oz/M)

21 d


28 d

Untreated Con-trol


21 d


14 d


28 d


28 d


21 d


28 d


28 dUntreated Con-

trol


14 d


21 d


21 d

Untreated Con-trol


14 d


21 d


21 d


28 d


28 d

36

Preventative dollar spot control on a creeping bentgrass putting greenDaniel Earlywine and Lee Miller

SummaryDollar spot is caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Heavy dews and temperatures ranging from 59-86°F are conducive for disease development and infection. This purpose of this trial is to evaluate new and standard fungicide treatments using various application intervals and rates for preventive dollar spot control on a creeping bent-grass putting green. On May 13, rye grain infested with three isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa was uniformly applied at 25cc per plot using a small broadcast spreader. Inoculum was left on the turf surface for 3 days to enable pathogen establishment.

Current FindingsDollar spot was first observed on the May 22 in the trial area. With frequent rainfall at the end of May, an infestation of blue-green algae was observed on the 29 May rating date. No significant differences were seen in treated and untreated plots. However, in late May plots treated with Daconil Action + Appear and Daconil Ultrex + Appear showed the lowest amount of blue-green algae severity and highest turf quality among the treatments tested. On both the May 29 and Jun 19 rating dates, dollar spot control was at acceptable levels (>5%) in all treated plots. All treated plots had significantly lower dollar spot counts per plot than the untreated control. Ratings will continue every two weeks throughout the sum-mer and early fall as diseases progress.

Blue-green AlgaeSeverity (%)y

Dollar Spot Incidence(# of infection centers)z

Treatment Rate/1000 ft2 Application Interval 29 May 19 Jun 29 May 19 Jun

Untreated Contol……………….……. 22.0 ax 0.3 a 4.5 a 26.8 aEncartis………………………….………. 3.0 fl oz 21d 25.0 a 0.8 a 0.0 b 1.5 bEncartis…………………………….……. 4.0 fl oz 28d 20.0 a 0.3 a 0.0 b 0.0 bReserve………………………………….. 4.3 fl oz 21d 10.8 a 0.0 a 0.5 b 1.5 bReserve………………………………….. 5.4 fl oz 28d 18.8 a 0.0 a 0.3 b 0.0 bBriskway……………………………...… 0.5 fl oz 14d 16.8 a 0.8 a 0.0 b 0.0 bBriskway + Appear……………………………………

0.5 fl oz +6.0 fl oz 14d 8.0 a 1.0 a 0.0 b 0.0 b

Daconil Action + Appear……………………………………

3.5 fl oz +6.0 fl oz 14d 4.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 b 0.5 b

Daconil Ultrex + Appear……………………………………Secure.……………………………………

3.2 oz +6.0 fl oz0.5 fl oz

14d14d

4.0 a22.3 a

0.8 a0.5 a

0.0 b0.0 b

1.0 b0.0 b

Secure + Appear……………………………………

0.5 fl oz + 6.0 fl oz 14d 14.5 a 0.3 a 1.8 b 0.0 b

z Dollar spot infection centers are means of counts per plot. y Algae rating based on a scale of 0 to 100% (0= no incidence, 100= entire plot completely covered).x Values are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).

37

Turf Qualityz

Treatment Rate/1000 ft2 Application Interval 29 May 19 JunUntreated Contol……………….……. 4.6 cdy 4.7 bEncartis………………………….………. 3.0 fl oz 21d 4.3 cd 6.6 aEncartis…………………………….……. 4.0 fl oz 28d 4.8 bcd 7.0 aReserve………………………………….. 4.3 fl oz 21d 5.2 a-d 6.6 aReserve………………………………….. 5.4 fl oz 28d 4.2 d 7.3 aBriskway……………………………...… 0.5 fl oz 14d 5.0 bcd 6.8 aBriskway + Appear……………………………………

0.5 fl oz +6.0 fl oz 14d 5.6 abc 7.0 a

Daconil Action + Appear……………………………………

3.5 fl oz +6.0 fl oz 14d 6.5 a 7.0 a

Daconil Ultrex + Appear……………………………………Secure.……………………………………

3.2 oz +6.0 fl oz0.5 fl oz

14d14d

6.1 ab4.5 cd

6.8 a7.0 a

Secure + Appear……………………………………

0.5 fl oz + 6.0 fl oz 14d 5.3 a-d 7.2 a

z Turfgrass quality using a 1 to 9 scale (9=best, 5=acceptable) based on color, density, and uniformity. y Values are means of four replications. Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).

38 Tri

al M

ap

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M+

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14 d

Daco

nil U

ltrex

3.2

oz/M

+Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

+Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

d

Enca

rtis

3.0

fl oz

/M

21 d

Daco

nil A

c-tio

n3.

5 fl

oz/M

+Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

d

Enca

rtis

4.0

fl oz

/M

28 d

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M

14

d

Rese

rve

5.4

fl oz

/M

21 d

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

14 d

Un-

trea

ted

Cont

rol

Rese

rve

4.3

fl oz

/M

21

d

Rese

rve

4.3

fl oz

/M

21 d

Enca

rtis

4.0

fl oz

/M

28

d

Daco

nil A

ctio

n3.

5 fl

oz/M

+Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

d

Daco

nil

Ultr

ex3.

2 oz

/M+

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14

Enca

rtis

3.0

fl oz

/M

21 d

Untr

eate

d Co

ntro

l

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

+Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

d

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M+

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14 d

Rese

rve

5.4

fl oz

/M

21

d

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

14 d

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M

14

d

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M+

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14 d

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

14 d

Rese

rve

5.4

fl oz

/M

21

d

Untr

eate

d Co

ntro

l

Rese

rve

4.3

fl oz

/M

21 d

Daco

nil

Ultr

ex3.

2 oz

/M+

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14

Enca

rtis

3.0

fl oz

/M

21

d

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M

14 d

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

+Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

d

Daco

nil

Actio

n3.

5 fl

oz/M +

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14 d

Enca

rtis

4.

0 fl

oz/M

28 d

Untr

eate

d Co

ntro

l

Enca

rtis

3.0

fl oz

/M

21

d

Enca

rtis

4.0

fl oz

/M

28

d

Rese

rve

4.3

fl oz

/M

21 d

Rese

rve

5.4

fl oz

/M

21 d

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M

14 d

Bris

kway

0.5

fl oz

/M

+

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14 d

Daco

nil

Actio

n3.

5 fl

oz/M

+Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

d

Daco

nil U

ltrex

3.2

oz/M

+

Ap

pear

6.0

fl oz

/M14

d

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

14

d

Secu

re0.

5 fl

oz/M

+

Appe

ar6.

0 fl

oz/M

14 d

5 x

5 ft

plo

ts

39

Preventive vs. Curative Applications of Stellar And Subdue Maxx For Pythium Blight And Root Rot On Creeping Bentgrass Daniel Earlywine, JB Workman and Lee Miller

SummaryThis trial was to evaluate Stellar and Subdue Maxx applied preventatively and curatively for Pythium blight and root rot on ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass. Plots were mowed 3-5 times a week at a height of 0.130 in. Treatments will consist of Stellar (1.2 fl oz/1000 ft2) and Subdue Maxx (1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2) applied preventatively and after Pythium symptoms occur. The two preventive treatments were initiated on 18 Jun with applications applied every 14 d.

Current FindingsTo incite Pythium root rot symptoms, P. vanterpoolii was inoculated by cutting the root system of cup cutter plug at a 2-in depth, placing Pythium-colonized grass blades onto the soil surface, and then replacing the turf. Sterile grass blades were also placed similarly in the soil to serve as an uninoculated check. To incite Pythium blight symptoms, P. aphanidermatum was inoculated by placing grass blades onto the surface of the turf, and covering with a plastic cup to create an environment favorable for Pythium infection (Fig 1). Once visual symptoms appear in the trial area, two cura-tive treatments of Stellar (1.2 fl oz/1000 ft2) and Subdue Maxx (1.0 fl oz/1000 ft2) will be applied. Ratings are ongoing and will continue throughout the summer as pythium severity progresses.

Trial Map

Untreated Control

Stellar(1.2 fl oz/M)

Preventive app (14 d)

Subdue Maxx (1.0 fl oz/M)



Curative app (14 d)


Curative app (14 d)



Stellar(1.2 fl oz/M)Curative app

(14 d)




Curative app (14 d)Untreated Control



Subdue Maxx (1.0 fl oz/M)Curative app

(14 d)

Untreated ControlStellar

(1.2 fl oz/M)Curative app (14 d)



Untreated Control




Curative app (14 d)




Curative app (14 d)

40

Evaluating Defendor ™ + Dimension® 2EW for Broadleaf Weed Control and Crabgrass Prevention John Haguewood and Xi Xiong

SummaryThis trial evaluates Defendor™ (Florasulam) tank mixed with Dimension® 2EW (Dithiopyr) for controlling broadleaf weeds as well as crabgrass. Dimension® 2EW is a widely used preemergence herbicide that has proven effective at controlling crabgrass and many other annual weeds. Plots (5 X 10 ft) were established in a stand of tall fescue contami-nated with dandelion, white clover and other common winter annual weeds, and also with a history of large crabgrass contamination. Initial herbicide applications were made on April 17th using a CO2-pressurized backpack boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 87 gal/acre using TeeJet XR8008 flat fan nozzle tips.

Current FindingsPrior to applications, the plot area was uniformly distributed with weed pressure. For this report, only weed pressure on June 16th will be presented. Defendor™ showed excellent weed control for dandelion and white clover within 3 weeks after application. In this study Defendor™ performed at a similar level as Trimec® Classic, however Defendor™ is more effective when spraying at cooler temperatures than Trimec® Classic. Tank mixing Defendor™ with Dimension® 2EW will reduce applications by controlling broadleaf weeds as well as providing preemergence control of summer an-nual weeds all in a single application.

Table 1. Herbicide treatment descriptions and weed control data using Defendor™ plus Dimension®.

Treatment No. Treatment Name Rate(fl oz./Acre) Application Code 6/26/13

# of Dandelion6/26/13

% White Clover

1 Dimension® 2EWDefendor™

24.34

A1

A1.0 b 0.0 b

2 Dimension® 2EWTrimec® Classic

24.364

AA

0.8 b 0.5 b

3Dimension® 2EW

Defendor™Trimec® Classic

164

64

ABAB

0.3 b 0.0 b

4 Untreated --- --- 4.8 a 35.0 a1Application code indicated date of each application: A- 17th of April 2013, B- 29th of May 2013.


2 4 3 1

3 1 4 2

2 4 1 3

1 2 3 4

41

Evaluating Kalo® Wetting Agents for Localized Dry Spot ControlJohn Haguewood and Xi Xiong

SummaryLocalized dry spot is a major concern for golf course superintendents in the hot summer months. This trial evaluates Kalo® wetting agents for the reduction of localized dry spot. Field trials were established at Pomme Creek Golf Course in Arnold, Mo on June 10th, 2013 on a USGA-spec creeping bentgrass putting green. Treatments include three products from Kalo® as well as Surfside 37. All products are re-applied monthly from June to September. All wetting agents are applied using a CO2-pressurized back pack boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 87 gal/acre using TeeJet XR8008 flat fan nozzle tips and are immediately watered-in with 0.1-0.2 inch of irrigation.

Current FindingsTreatments were initiated at Pomme Creek golf course on June 10th. At this time, no treatment has caused phytotoxc-ity or injury to the creeping bentgrass. There has been no localized dry spot observed in the trial area up to this point. Research is ongoing and will continue through October 2013.

Table 1. Wetting Agent treatments applied at Pomme Creek golf course.

TreatmentRate

(fl oz/1000ft2)Re-Application Interval

(days)

Tournament Ready® 8.0 30

H2O Maximizer® 8.0 30

Hydro Wet® 8.0 30

Surfside 37 32.0 30

42

Treatment Treatment Name Application Rate Application Code %LDS

6/12/13 6/26/131 Revolution 6 fl oz/1000ft2 ABCDEF1 0.0 a2 0.0 a

2 Revolution 6 fl oz/1000ft2 ABEF 0.0 a 0.0 a3 Primer Select 2.5 lb/1000ft2 ABCDEF 0.0 a 0.0 a4 Untreated Control ---- ---- 2.3 a 3.3 a

Table 1. Description of wetting agent treatments and localized dry spot data.

1 Application code: A=May 15th, B= June 13th, C= July 12th, D=August 15th, E=September 13th, F=October 15th.2 Means within columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different using Fishers Protected LSD (P=0.05).

Field Evaluation of Revolution® Application Intervals in Missouri

John Haguewood and Xi Xiong

SummaryThe use of wetting agents on sand based putting greens is becoming a common practice in Missouri. Wetting agents can alleviate localized dry spot and help to cut down on the amount of hand watering. This trial evaluates the use of Revolution® and Primer® Select Granular. It is not uncommon for superintendents to be hesitant to apply wetting agents in the heat of the summer; therefore this trial compares only spring and fall applications to spring, summer and fall applications of revolution. Field plots were established on a ‘007’ creeping bentgrass putting green with a history of localized dry spot. Evaluations are taken bi-weekly to determine turfgrass quality, percent localized dry spot and volu-metric water content. Revolution® treatments are applied using a CO2-pressurized back-pack boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 87 gal/acre using TeeJet XR8008 spray tips. Primer® Select Granular is spread evenly across a plot using a shaker jar. Following applications, 0.2 inch of irrigation was applied to the plot area.

Current FindingsInitial applications were made on May 15th, with sequential applications on June 13th and July 12th thus far. To date, all wetting agent treatments have prevented localized dry spot without any phytotoxcity or reduction in turf quality. Unlike 2012, we have had cool temperatures to start the summer, so localized dry spot has not yet become evident. Ap-plications and evaluations will continue throughout summer and fall; data will continue being collected and analyzed.

Trial MapPlot size: 5 X 10 ft

Primer® SelectApp:ABCDEF

Revolution®

App: ABEF Untreated Revolution®

App: ABCDEF

Untreated Revolution®

App: ABCDEFRevolution®

App: ABEFPrimer® SelectApp:ABCDEF

Revolution®

App: ABCDEFRevolution®

App: ABEFPrimer® SelectApp:ABCDEF Untreated

43

Increasing the Efficacy of Tenacity® on Hard-to-Control WeedsJohn Haguewood and Xi Xiong

SummaryTenacity® (mesotrione) is a common turf herbicide used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds on golf courses, sports fields and home lawns. Tenacity® is great for killing hard-to-control weeds such as nimblewill and creeping bent-grass from cool-season turf, but multiple applications are required for complete control. One strategy for increasing the efficacy of Tenacity® is to add Urea Ammonium Nitrate to the spray solution at a 2.5% v/v rate (Xie, L., et al, 2011. HortTechnology). We utilized a similar approach for a demonstration study at the MU Turf Research Farm. Plots were established on a mature stand of Kentucky bluegrass (Summertime blues blend) that was contaminated with creeping bentgrass. Tenacity® was applied as either a single application, with sequential applications (2 or 3 apps), and with or without urea. All spray applications were applied using a CO2-pressurized back pack boom sprayer equipped with Tee-Jet XR8004 nozzle tips calibrated to deliver 44 gal/acre.

Current FindingsInitial herbicide applications were made on April 30, 2013. Tenacity® was applied at 8.0 fl oz/acre for the first applica-tion followed sequential applications at 5.0 fl oz/acre. Sequential applications were made on 14 day intervals. Nonionic surfactant (NIS) was added to all Tenacity® applications at a 0.25% v/v rate. Minor turf phytotoxcity (discoloration/in-jury) was observed following the initial (8.0 fl oz/acre) Tenacity® application, but fully recovered within 10 days. Turf-grass response was similar to Tenacity® alone, or Tenacity® plus urea. Creeping bentgrass control increased as the num-ber of sequential applications increased. The amount of control achieved following two applications of Tenacity®+urea was similar to that of 3 applications of Tenacity® without urea. Creeping bentgrass was completely controlled by 3 applications of Tenacity® plus urea. Tank mixing Urea at 0.5 lb N/1000ft2 with Tenacity® increases control of creeping bentgrass on Kentucky bluegrass turf.

Table 1. Description of Tenacity applications and data from May and June.

TreatmentsRate

(fl oz/acre)Total # of apps

% CB2 Turf Phytotoxicity3 % CBTurf

Phytotoxicity% CB

% CB Control

---5/14/2013--- ---6/5/2013--- ---6/26/2013---Untreated --- --- 40.0 9.0 30.0 9.0 35.0 0.0Tenacity®1 8.0 1 50.0 7.0 25.0 9.0 25.0 28.5Tenacity® 8.0 + 5.0 2 40.0 7.0 5.0 9.0 16.0 54.3Tenacity® 8.0 + 5.0 +5.0 3 50.0 7.0 5.0 9.0 5.0 85.7Tenacity®

Urea8.0

0.5 lb N/1000ft2 1 50.0 7.0 20.0 9.0 25.0 28.5

Tenacity®

Urea8.0 + 5.0

0.5 lb N/1000ft2 2 40.0 7.0 2.0 9.0 5.0 85.7

Tenacity®

Urea8.0 + 5.0 +5.0

0.5 lb N/1000ft2 3 70.0 7.0 2.0 9.0 0.0 100.0

1 Non-Ionic Surfactant (NIS) was added to all Tenacity® treatments at 0.25% v/v.2 CB=Creeping Bentgrass3 Turfgrass Phytotoxcity was evaluated using a 1-9 scale (9=no phytotoxcity, 6=minimally acceptable, and 1=dead turf)


1 2 3 4 5 6 7

44

Preventative and Curative Approaches for Controlling Black Cutworm on Putting GreensJohn Haguewood and Xi Xiong

SummaryThis trial is designed to demonstrate both preventative and curative approaches for controlling black cutworm on creep-ing bentgrass putting greens. Preventative treatments were applied on May 15th and consisted of Acelepryn™ at 4.0 or 8.0 fl oz/acre. As curative treatments, Provaunt® (4 oz. /acre) and Zylam® Liquid (79.0 oz/acre) will be applied when insect damage appears, and will be reapplied on 14 day intervals as necessary. Turfgrass quality and insect damage will be reported throughout the trial.

Current FindingsTreatments were applied on a ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass putting green with a history of black cutworm damage. We have seen minor cutworm damage so far this year, and none in the treated trial area. Preventative treatments of Acelepryn® were applied on May 15th, and no turf injury or quality reduction was observed. This trial is ongoing and applications and evaluations will carry on through the fall.

Table 1. Descriptions of insecticide treatments and application timings.

Treatment # Treatments Rate (fl oz/acre) Application Timing

1 Acelepryn® 4.0 Preventative (May 15th)2 Acelepryn® 8.0 Preventative (May 15th)3 Provaunt® 4.0 Curative (N/A)4 Zylam® Liquid 79.0 Curative (N/A)5 Untreated --- ---


3 2 5 1 4 2 3 5 4 1

1 2 3 4 5 1 5 3 4 2

N

Mizzou T&

O Research Field Day: 2013

Shade Grove

Office

Shop

IrrigaCon Lake

FB

F

CB

B

B=B

ermuda

CB

=Creeping B

entF=FescueK

B=K

entucky Bluegrass

PR=P

erennial Rye

S=S

yntheticZ= Zoysia

CB

CB

CB

B

F

PR

zz

KB

Flow

ers

B S

z

KB

B

S

B,B

F,Z B

PR

F F

KB

F

BZ Z

Z

B

KB

CB

Z

F,KB

1

4

106

B

CB

KB

TF

CBPR

CB

5

2

89

7

3

Booklet sponsored by:

Turfgrass & Ornamental Field Day - University of Missouri · 2013. 7. 22. · Turfgrass &...

Documents

Transcript of Turfgrass & Ornamental Field Day - University of Missouri · 2013. 7. 22. · Turfgrass &...