Words Formation

Suffix Meaning Example

able, ible able, capable capable, agreeable, edible, visible

ade result of action blockade

age act of, state of, result of

storage, wreckage, damage

al relating to gradual, manual, natural

algia pain neuralgia, nostalgia, myalgia

an, ian native of, relating to

African, riparian,

ance, ancy action, process, state

assistance, allowance, defiance

ary, ery, ory relating to, quality, place where

aviary, bravery, dormitory

cian possessing a specific skill or art

magician, physician,

cy action, function hesitancy, prophecy, normalcy

cule, ling very small molecule, ridicule, animalcule, duckling, sapling

dom quality, realm freedom, kingdom, wisdom

ee one who receives the action

refugee, nominee, lessee

en made of, to make silken, frozen, wooden

ence, ency action, state of, quality

difference, confidence, urgency, agency

er, or one who, that which

baker, miller, professor

escent in the process of adolescent, senescence, putrescence

ese a native of, the language of

Javanese, Japanese, Balinese

esis, osis action, process, condition

genesis, hypnosis, neurosis, osmosis

ess female goddess, lioness, actress

et, ette small one, group midget, baronet, sextet, lorgnette

fic making, causing scientific, specific

ful full of frightful, careful, helpful

fy make beautify, fortify, simplify

hood order, condition, quality

manhood, adulthood

ic nature of, like metallic, acidic, bucolic, simplistic

ice condition, state, quality

justice, malice

id, ide a thing connected with or belonging to

fluid, fluoride, bromide

ile relating to, suited for, capable of

juvenile, senile, purile, missile

ine nature of feminine, genuine, medicine

ion, sion, tion act, result, or state of

cancellation, contagion, infection, crenellation

ish origin, nature, resembling

foolish, Irish, clownish, impish

ism system, manner, condition, characteristic

alcoholism, communism, capitalism,

ist one who, that which

artist, dentist, flautist

ite nature of, quality of, mineral product

prelate, Mennonite, dynamite, graphite, Israelite

ity, ty state of, quality celebrity, captivity, clarity, poverty

ive causing, making abusive, exhaustive, abortive

ize, ise make emphasize, exercise, bowdlerize, bastardize, idolize, fanaticize

logy study, science, theory

biology, anthropology, geology, neurology

ly like, manner of carelessly, fearlessly, hopelessly

ment act of, state or, result

containment, contentment, amendment

ness state of carelessness, restlessness

nomy law autonomy, economy, taxonomy

oid resembling asteroid, spheroid, rhomboid, anthropoid

ous full of, having gracious, nervous, pompous,

ship state of, office, quality

assistantship, friendship, authorship

some like, apt, tending to

lonesome, lissome, threesome, gruesome

tude state of, condition of

gratitude, aptitude, multitude

ure state of, act, process, rank

culture, literature, rupture, rapture

ward in the direction of eastward, downward, backward

y inclined to, tend to cheery, crafty, faulty

WORDS FORMATION

A. Kata benda di bentuk dengan menambahkan akhiran ment, ion, ance, er, or, ist, ant, ee, ism, al dan sebagainya di belakang kata kerja.

Suffix : ion to change verb to be noun

To protect = protection = perlindungan (I need your protection) To suggest = suggestion = usulan ( i have suggestion for you) To act = action = tindakan (what does your action) To detect = detection = pemeriksaan To decide = decision = keputusan

Suffix : ition to change verb to be noun

To add = addtion = penambahan To define = definition = definisi To to appose = apposition = oposisi To repeat = repetition = pengulangan To examine = examination = pemeriksaan

Suffix`: ation

to apply = application = penerapan to determiner = determination = ketetapan to inform = information = informasi to form = formation = pembentukan to explaine = explanation = penjelasan

suffix : ure

to depart = departure = keberangkatan to please = pleasure = kesenangan to expose = exposure = pembeberan to fail = failure = kegagalan to close = closure = penutupan

suffix : ment

to measure = measurement = pengukuran to judge = judgement = penilaian to agree = agreement = persetujuan to pay = payment = pembayaran to appoint = appointment = penunjukan

suffix : our

to behave = behaviour = perilaku to save = saviour = penyelamat

suffix : al to chenge verb to be noun

to arrive = arrival = kedatangan to dispose = disposal = pembuangan

to refuse = refusa = penolakan to try = trial = pengadilan to bury = burial = pemakaman

suffix : ance

to disturb = disturbance = gangguan to attend = attendance = kehadiran to allow = allowance = kelonggaran to appear = appearance = kemunculan to insure = insurance = asuransi

suffix : er

to kill = killer = pembunuhan to run = runner = pelari to keep = keeper = penjaga to rob = robber = perampok to wait = waiter = pelayan (pria)

suffix : r to change verb to be noun

to admire = admirer = pengagum to to love = lover = kekasih to drive = driver = sopir to produce = producer = produser to dance = dancer = penari

suffix : or to change verb to be noun

to sail = sailor =pelaut to act = actor = aktor to direct = director = direktur to edit = editor = editor to advise = advisor = penasehat

suffix : ant

to serve = servant = pelayan (rumah tangga) to combat = combatant = penduduk to command = commandant = komandan to defend = defendant = tergugat to participate = participant = peserta

Suffix : ness to change adjective to be noun

happy = happiness = kebahagiaan

sad = sadness = kesedihan dark = darkness = kegelapan clean = cleanliness = kebersihan dirty = dirtiness = kekotoran clever = cleverness = kepandaian lazy = laziness = kemalasan’ weak = weakness = kelemahan foolish= foolishness = kebodohan

suffix : hood to change noun to be noun

brother = brotherhood = persaudaraan boy = boyhood = masa kanak-kanak baby = babyhood = masa menjadi bayi girl = girlhood = masa menjadi gadis mother = motherhood = masa menjadi ibu

suffix : ship to chenge noun to be noun

friend = friendship = persahabatan relation = relationship = hubungan owner = ownership = kepemilikan court = courtship = masa berpacaran

suffix : ry to change noun to be noun

rival = rivalry = persaingan mason = masonry = keahlian tukang batu jewel = jewelry = perhiasan

suffix : ian

music = musician = pemusik politic = politician = politisi magic = magician = pesulap beauty = beautician = ahli kecantikan

suffix : man

space = spaceman = antariksawan police = policeman = polisi pria post = postman = tukang pos work = workman = pekerja laundry = laundryman = penatu

B. kata sifat bisa di bentuk dengan beberapa cara yaitu penambahan suffix pada kata kerja dan kata benda.Kata sifat di bentuk dengan menggunakan akhiran ful , less, able, ive, ative, y , ary, al , ous , ing , some dan sebagainya di belakang kata kerja.

Suffix : ful change to verb to be adjective

to use = useful = berguna to harm = harmful = berbahaya to care = careful = berhati-hati to hope =hopeful = penuh harapan to force = forceful = kuat

suffix : less

to use = useless = tidak berguna to harm = harmless = tidak berbahaya to care = careless = ceroboh to power = powerless = tidak berdaya to hope = hopeless = putus asa

suffix : ive

to create = creative = kreatif to act = active = aktif to collect = colective = kolektif to attract = attractive = menarik hati to compete = competitive =bisa bersaing

suffix : able

to compare = comparable = bisa di bandingkan to enjoy = enjoyable = menyenangkan to avoid = avoidable= bisa di hindari to notice = noticeable = nyata to reach = reachable = bisa di jangkau

suffix : y

to sleep = sleepy = mengantuk to risk -= risky = penuh resiko to shine = shiny = berkilat to smoke = smoky = berasap to ease = easy = mudah to leak = leaky = bocor to shake = shaky = gemetar to cheer = cheery = ceria ( this day , I am very cheery )

suffix : ery n ary

to slip = slipery = licin to imagine = imaginery = bersifat

No.Noun Affixes (Suffix/prefix)

Contoh Adjective Derivation

1 -able, -blechangeable, credible, readable, questionable, teachable, workable

2 -al, -ial, -icalaboriginal, disfunctional, periodical, procedural, territorial, theorical

3 -ant, -ent, -ientconvenient, different, exultant, ignorant, important, observant

4 -ar, -ary singular, spectacular, unitary

5 -atefortunate, intimate, latinate, passionate, separate

6 -edbearded, bored, coordinated, melted, monied, tender-hearted

7 -en silken

8 -ereasier, faster, happier, prettier, quicker, smarter

9 -estbiggest, brightest, hardest, luckiest, smartest, strongest

10 -fulbeautiful, delightful, hopeful, hurtful, playful, useful

11 -icempiric, energetic, enthusiastic, generic, periodic, romantic

12 -ile fragile, projectile, volatile

13 -ingabsorbing, blushing, charming, encouraging, interesting, sparkling

14 -ishboyish, brownish, childish, newish, reddish, snobbish

15 -isticcharacteristic, communistic, impressionistic, meterialistic, pessimistic

16 -ive, -ative, -itiveabusive, cooperative, festive, initiative, instinctive, sensitive, talkative

Noun prefixes

The same prefixes of adjectives are commonly used for nouns as well:

anti- + noun → noun (meaning = opposite; against)Example: antivirus

bi- + noun → noun (meaning = two)Example: bicycle

dis- + noun → noun (meaning = opposite; without; lack of)Example: disadvantage, dissimilarity

in- / im- / il- / ir- + noun → noun (meaning = opposite; without; lack of)Example: inconvenience, impossibility, illegality, irregularity

inter- + noun → noun (meaning = between; among)Example: intercom

mono- + noun → noun (meaning = one)Example: monosyllable

multi- + noun → noun (meaning = more than one; many)Example: multimedia

non- + noun → noun (meaning = opposite; without; lack of)Example: nonsense

post- + noun → noun (meaning = after)Example: postmodernism

pre- + noun → noun (meaning = before)Example: prematurity

pro- + noun → noun (meaning = favouring; supporting)Example: pro-socialism

semi- + noun → noun (meaning = half)Example: semicircle

sub- + noun → noun (meaning = below)Example: subway, subcategory

un- + noun → noun (meaning = opposite; without; lack of)Example: untruth, unhappiness

Also:

auto- + noun → noun (meaning = of or by oneself)Example: autograph, autobiography

ex- + noun → noun (meaning = former)Example: ex-wife, ex-president

macro- + noun → noun (meaning = large)Example: macroeconomics, macromodel

micro- + noun → noun (meaning = small)Example: microcomputer, microwave

mis- + noun → noun (meaning = wrongly; badly)Example: mismatch, misbehaviou

FUNCTION:

Often, suffixes will suggest that a word is a noun. For example, -tion, -ness, -ment, or -er at the end of a word usually signify that the word is a noun, as in suggestion, happiness, involvement, and diner.

Nouns may be made plural, usually with the suffix -s or -es, as in books and foxes.