TUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING CEMENTITIOUS...
Transcript of TUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING CEMENTITIOUS...
STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING
CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
Guided By:-
Dr. Ami H. Shah
Prepared by :-
Patel Vivek p.
Patel Maulik C.
Patel Sapneel D.
Chaudhary Anil J.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Objective
Literature review
Methodology
Material
Result
Conclusion
References
• Considering the volume, concrete is the first mostly used building
material in the world. It is obtained by mixing cement, water, aggregate
and sometimes admixtures in required proportions.
• The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main ingredients
used for the production of concrete and has no alternative in the civil
construction industry.
• Unfortunately, production of cement involves emission of large amounts
of carbon-dioxide gas into the atmosphere, a major contributor for green
house effect and the global warming, hence it is inevitable either to
search for another material or partly replace it by some other material.
INTRODUCTION
•The search for any such material, which can be used as an alternative or as
a supplementary for cement should lead to global sustainable development
and lowest possible environmental impact.
•Fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag, Rice husk ash, Marble
dust, silica fume are some of the mineral admixture which can be used in
concrete as partial replacement of cement.
•A number of studies are going on in India as well as abroad to study the
impact of use of this mineral admixture as cement replacements and the
results are encouraging.
• To use cementitious material in concrete mix design.
• To compare the mechanical properties of modified concrete and conventional
concrete.
• To compare the cost of modified concrete with conventional concrete.
• Understand the properties of concrete in order to introducing the
cementitious material .
• Utilization of waste and by-product to improve the properties of
concrete.
OBJECTIVES
1. Jeena Mathew
“Effect of fly ash on strength and durability parameters of
concrete” International Journal of Engineering Sciences &
Emerging Technologies, August 2012. Volume 3, Issue 1, pp: 28-
35
Consistency of cement depends upon its fineness. fly ash is having
greater fineness than cement and greater surface area so the consistency
increases greatly, when fly ash percentage increases. The normal
consistency increases about 40% when fly ash percentage increases from
0% to 20%. The optimum 7 and 28-day compressive strength and
flexural strength have been obtained in the range of 10-15 % fly ash
replacement level. Increase in split tensile strength beyond 10 % fly ash
replacement is almost insignificant where as gain in flexural tensile
strength have occurred even up to 15 % replacements.
LITERATURE REVIEW
2. V. Bhikshma, and Y.Venkateshamc
“Investigations on mechanical properties of high strength fly ash
concrete” Asian journal of civil engineering (building and housing) vol. 10,
no. 3 (2009) pages 335-346
Cement replacement up to 12% with fly ash leads to increase in
compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, for
both M40 and M50 grades. Beyond 12% there is a decrease in compressive
strength, tensile strength and flexural strength for 28 days curing period.
3. Dr. R.N.Uma
“Experimental investigation on fly ash as partial replacement of cement in
high performance concrete ” The International Journal Of Engineering And
Science (IJES) Volume2 Pages 40-45 2013
High performance concrete produced from cement replacement up to
7.5% fly ash leads to increase in compressive strength, split tensile and
Flexure strength of concrete. High Performance Concrete with fly ash can be
effectively used in high rise buildings since high early strength is required,
and the construction period can be reduced. The percentage of increase in the
compressive strength is 15%, Split tensile strength is 20% and the flexure
strength is 23% at the age of 28 days by replacing 7.5% of cement by fly ash.
4. S. Bhanjaa
“Influence of marble dust on the tensile strength of concrete” Cement and
Concrete Research 35 (2005) 743–747
The optimum marble dust replacement percentages for tensile strengths
have been found to be a function of w/cm ratio of the mix. The optimum 28-
day split tensile strength has been obtained in the range of 5–10% marble
dust replacement level, whereas the value for flexural strength ranged from
15% to 25%.
5. Vaidevi C
“Study on marble dust as partial replacement of cement in
concrete.” Indian Journal Of Engineering.
it is concluded that the marble dust can be used as a
replacement for cement. Test results indicate that the
10% of marble dust in the cement concrete gives the
best results. And also increase in curing days will
increase the strength of marble dust concrete when
compared from 14 days to 28 days.
Step 1 :- Problem identification
Step 2 :- Material Selection
Cement
Marble dust
Fly ash
Fine aggregate
Coarse aggregate
Step 3 :- Checking of physical properties of testing material
Step 4 :- Mix Design
Step 5 :- Selecting different proportion of cementitious material
Step 6 :- Concrete curing
Step 7 :- Checking Mechanical properties
Step 8 :- Result analysis
Step 9 :- Conclusion
METHODOLOGY
MATERIAL
• Fly ash is a by-product of the combustion of coal in thermal
power plants.
• Concrete using fly ash is generally reported to show reduced
segregation and bleeding and to be more satisfactory than plain
concrete when placed by pumping.
• Replacement of cement by fly ash results in a reduction in the
temperature rise in fresh Concrete.
• As concrete where cooling, following a large temperature rise, can lead
to cracking.
FLY ASH
MARBLE DUST
•Stone wastes are generated as a waste during the
process of cutting and polishing.
•It is estimated that 175 million tons of quarrying waste
are produced each year, and although a portion of this
waste may be utilized on-site, such as for excavation pit
refill or berm construction.
•The disposals of these waste materials acquire large
land areas and remain scattered all around, spoiling the
aesthetic of the entire region.
• Cement is a fine, grey powder. Cement is mixed with water and
materials such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone to make concrete.
• The cement and water form a paste that binds the other materials
together as the concrete hardens.
• The most commonly used cement is called ordinary Portland cement.
• Ordinary Portland cement of different grades OPC-33, OPC-43 and
OPC-53 are available in the market and are generally used for
producing flash fiber reinforced concrete.
• In this work Ultratech cement of 53 grade was used for casting cubes
for all concrete mixes.
CEMENT
• The sand used for the work was locally procured and conformed to
Indian Standard Specifications IS: 383-1970.
• The sand was sieved through 4.75 mm sieve to remove any particles
greater than 4.75 mm.
• The various other tests conducted are specific density, bulk density,
fineness modulus, water absorption and sieve analysis.
• Fine aggregated belonged to grading zone III.
FINE AGGREGATE
COARSE AGGREGATE
The material which is retained on IS sieve no. 4.75 is termed as a
coarse aggregate.
The crushed stone is generally used as a coarse aggregate.
Locally available coarse aggregate having the maximum size of 10
mm was used in this work.
The aggregates were washed to remove dust and dirt and were
dried to surface dry condition.
MIX PROPORTIONING
All the samples were prepared using design M30 grade of concrete. Mix design
was done based on I.S 10262-1982. The Table below show mix proportion of
concrete (Kg/m3)
Sr. No Material Quantity
(Kg/m3)
1. Cement (OPC) 350
2. Fine Aggregate 812.75
3. Coarse Aggregate 1076.23
4. Water 186
TEST ON CONCRETE
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
In the study of strength of material, the compressive strength is the
capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce
size. It can be measured by plotting applied force against deformation in
a testing machine. Some material fracture at their compressive strength
limit; others deform irreversibly, so a given amount of deformation may
be considered as the limit for compressive load. Compressive strength is
a key value for design of structures.
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
• Tensile strength is an important property of concrete because concrete
structures are highly vulnerable to tensile cracking due to various
kinds of effects and applied loading itself.
• However, tensile strength of concrete is very low in compared to its
compressive strength. This test could be performed in accordance
with IS : 5816-1970
Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, bend strength,
or fracture strength mechanical parameter for brittle material, is
defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load. The
transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a
specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is
bent until fracture or yielding using a three point flexural strength
technique. The flexural strength represents the highest stress
experienced within the material at its moment of rupture. It is
measured in terms of stress.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
RESULT
• Here the results of the control concrete and concrete made with
replacement of fly ash and marble dust with cement are discussed.
• A compression machine was used for all compression strength testing at
a load rate of 0.15 MPa/s. For each specimen, the load was continuously
applied without shock until failure.
• The average strength of three specimens from each batch was reported as
final strength. The tests were performed at 7 and 28 days for the strength.
RESULTANT STRENGTH OF FLY ASH
Mix
% of fly
ash
added
Compressive
Strength(N/mm²)
Split tensile
Strength(N/mm²)
Flexural
Strength(N/mm²)
7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
M1 0 22.97 33.30 2.87 4.03 3.63 4.50
M2 5 25.04 36.29 3.00 4.21 4.03 4.61
M3 10 28.23 41.76 3.25 4.52 4.25 5.16
M4 15 26.59 40.30 3.30 4.70 4.12 5.07
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15
com
pre
ssiv
e st
rength
(N/m
m2)
% of fly ash
7 days
28 days
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 5 10 15
spli
t te
nsi
le s
tren
gth
(N/m
m2)
% of fly ash
7 days
28 days
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15
7 days
28 days
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15
Fle
xu
ral
str
ength
(N/m
m2)
% of fly ash
7 days
28 days
Mix
% of
marble
dust
added
Compressive
Strength(N/mm²)
Split tensile
Strength(N/mm²)
Flexural
Strength(N/mm²)
7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
M1 0 22.97 33.30 2.87 4.03 3.63 4.50
M2 5 26.70 38.50 3.11 4.22 3.41 4.27
M3 10 29.20 42.10 3.28 4.57 3.77 4.63
M4 15 28.30 40.36 3.19 4.43 3.59 4.32
RESULTANT STRENGTH OF MARBLE DUST
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15
Com
pre
ssiv
e s
tren
gth
(N/m
m2)
% of marble dust
7 days
28 days
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 5 10 15
Sp
lit
ten
sile
str
ength
(N/m
m2)
% of marble dust
7 days
28 days
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 5 10 15
Fle
xu
ral
stre
ngth
(N/m
m2)
% of marble dust
7 days
28 days
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
mix
% of
material
added
Compressive strength
Fly ash Marble dust
7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
M1 0 22.97 33.30 22.97 33.30
M2 5 25.04 36.29 26.70 38.50
M3 10 28.23 41.76 29.20 42.10
M4 15 26.59 40.30 28.30 40.36
COMPARISON AND DISCUSSION
Compressive strength of fly ash & marble dust
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15
Com
pre
ssiv
e st
ren
gth
(N/m
m2)
% of material added
Fly ash
Marble dust
Compressive strength between fly ash & marble dust at 7 days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15
Com
pre
ssiv
e st
ren
gth
(N/m
m2)
% of material added
Fly ash
Marble dust
Compressive strength between fly ash & marble dust at 28 days
mix
% of
material
added
split tensile strength
Fly ash Marble dust
7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
M1 0 2.87 4.03 2.87 4.03
M2 5 3.00 4.21 3.11 4.22
M3 10 3.25 4.52 3.28 4.57
M4 15 3.30 4.70 3.19 4.43
Split tensile strength of fly ash & marble dust
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
0 5 10 15
Sp
lit
ten
sile
str
ength
(N/m
m2)
% of material added
Fly ash
Marble dust
Split tensile strength between fly ash & marble dust at 7 days
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
0 5 10 15
Sp
lit
ten
sile
str
ength
(N/m
m2)
% of material added
Fly ash
Marble dust
Split tensile strength between fly ash & marble dust at 28 days
mix
% of
material
added
flexural strength
Fly ash Marble dust
7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days
M1 0 3.63 4.50 3.63 4.50
M2 5 4.03 4.61 3.41 4.27
M3 10 4.25 5.16 3.77 4.63
M4 15 4.12 5.07 3.59 4.32
Flexural strength of fly ash & marble dust
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 5 10 15
Fle
xu
ral str
en
gth
(N
/mm
2)
% of material added
Fly ash
Marble dust
Flexural strength between fly ash & marble dust at 7 days
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15
Fle
xu
ral str
en
gth
(N
/mm
2)
% of material added
Fly ash
Marble dust
Flexural strength between fly ash & marble dust at 28 days
CONCLUSION
• Addition of fly ash and marble dust to concrete can be conveniently
achieved with the present day technology. This study has shown that it
is possible to produce high strength concrete using the locally
available materials with proper amount of mineral admixtures.
• High compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength
of concrete was achieved when marble powder was replaced at 10%
by weight of cement in concrete.
• On comparative basis, results indicated that compressive strength of
fly ash and marble dust concrete specimens were higher than those of
plain concrete specimens at all ages.
• The results of the present investigation indicated that the maximum
compressive strength and flexural strength occur at about 10 % fly ash
content and split tensile strength at 15%.
• In addition of marble dust get higher compressive strength than addition
of fly ash at 10% replacement of cement by weight.
• Higher split tensile strength achieved in case of fly ash than the addition
of marble dust at 15% replacement of cement by weight.
• Higher flexural strength achieved in case of fly ash than the addition of
marble dust at 10% replacement of cement by weight.
REFERANCES
Charif, H., Jaccoud, J-P., and Alou, F., "Reduction of Deformations with
the Use of Concrete Admixtures" Admixtures for Concrete:
Improvement of Properties.
Duval, R. and Kadri, E.H., “Influence of silica fume on the
workability and the compressive strength of high-performance
concretes”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1998, pp
533-547.
Effect of Fly Ash Additive on Concrete Properties, C.Marthong,
T.P.Agrawal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications, Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012.
Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Mechanical Properties of High
Strength Concrete Made with Locally Available Materials, Muhannad
Ismeik, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 3, No. 1, 2009.
Incorporation of Mineral Admixtures in Sustainable High Performance
Concrete, Nima Farzadnia1*, Abang Abdullah Abang Ali1 and
Ramazan Demirboga, International Journal of Sustainable Construction
Engineering & Technology Vol 2, Issue 1, June 2011.
M.S. SHETTY, Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, S. Chand
Publication.
S. Bhanja, B. Sengupta, “Modified water–cement ratio law for silica
fume concretes”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, 2003, 447-
450.
Study on Strength Development of High Strength Concrete Containing
Fly ash and Silica fume, A R Hariharan et al. / International Journal of
Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST).
Thank you