Tự học chụp ảnh

8/4/2019 T hc chp nh

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T hc chp nh

c mt bc nh tt

(TG@) Tp ch nhip nh Digital Photography School tng hp 5 yu t c bn m ngi chp nh cn nng cao cht lng nh ca mnh

nh sng v mu sc l yu t quyt nh c mt bc nh p

nh sng

nh sng v vn s l mt yu t sng cn i vi nhip nh. Hiu c n, ngi chp s nm

c li th d b ri vo bt c hon cnh no. hon thin kh nng ca mnh. hy xem li nhnbc nh thnh cng ca nhng ngi i trc xem nh sng trong bc nh c x l th no,nh sng mnh hay yu, thng hay xin, n s ra sao nu b thay i gc chp, thi im chp... Hytp trung vo nhng vng bng xem nh sng n t gc no v hiu ng ca n da trn gc .Sau mang tt c nhng g hc hi c p dng trn hon cnh thc t.

Mu sc

Mu sc cng c nhng nh hng khng nh ti kh nng tip cn i tng ca con ngi. N cth tc ng n tm trng hoc ng cm vi cm gic ca bn. Hy t trang b cho mnh mt vi

kin thc v l thuyt mu sc. Nghin cu k cc thng s c bn nh sc , gi tr, mt mu vnhit mu. Khm ph ngn ng b n ca mu sc cng nh ngha ni ti ca n. Sau l thigian luyn tp chuyn ti thng ip mnh mun ni ti mi ngi.Tp hp cc hnh khi

Tt c mi cnh vt thc cht u l s tp hp cc hnh khi. Ngi chp khng phi chp mt cicy m l chp mt hnh dng v mu sc, nhm chuyn ti mt thng tin no ca n. V th, iuquan trng i vi mt nhip nh gia l kh nng nhn i tng di dng mt hnh khi. Hy rn


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luyn cho mnh mt kh nng chia s cnh tng trc mt thnh nhng vng mu sc n gin. T s gip to nn nhng bc nh vi nhng thng ip mun ni r rng nht ch bng mu sc vhnh khi.

Khi hnh to nn s tng tc trong b cc nhng nt

ng nt cng l nhng yu t rt c bn ca nhip nh. Hy ch ti nhng n tng cm xc gnn bi nhng ng nt v hnh trong khun hnh. V d: Cc ng ngang lun gi n s phnglng, yn bnh, hay nhng ng dc th to cm gic cn bng, cn ng cho th hay lin quan chuyn ng... c mt bc nh hiu qu, hy nh phi bit cch nhn ra c cc ng nt trong

nh, kt hp hoc tch chng trong khun hnh sao cho nhn vo nh l ngi xem c th cm thyc ngha n th hin.

K thut chp nh

K thut chp cng quyt nh khng nh n cht lng ca mt bc nh. Hy luyn tp lin tc mc thnh tho nh mt k nng, khi cn l c th a my ln chp ngay m khng phi bnkhon xem t thng s sng nh th no. C nh th mi c c cm gic t do sng to. Ch nnlu mt iu, ng qu l thuc vo k thut, hy lun ngh k thut ch gip chuyn ti thng ipmt cch r rng hn ch khng hn l yu t quyt nh nn s thnh cng ca mt bc nh.

Tm hiu v my nh

Chuyn hng dn chp nh cho nhng ngi mi s dng my ca S Ha c bt u vi my nhcompact. Bi u tin l nhng hng dn c bn nht v my nh.


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My nh s du lch (dng ngm-chp) ngy cng ph bin vi mc gi hu nh ai cng c th s humt chic. Mc d c thit k t ng ti u ngi dng ch vic ngm l chp, ng nh tgi ca sn phm, nhng c c nhng bc nh p, mt cht kin thc v my nh v nhip nhl iu cn thit. Tp ch cng ngh Cnet thit k mt kha hc vi nhng bi hc ngn gn v dhiu cho nhng ngi mi bt u lm quen vi my nh, gip h c th nhanh chng nm vngnhng vn k thut c bn trong mt thi gian ngn ngi.

Yu cu chun b

- Thit b: My nh ngm - chp.

- Mc tiu: Hc v cc b phn ch yu ca my nh v lm quen v cch b tr cc nt

chc nng trn mt my nh thng thng, gip ngi hc nm vng nt no dng lm

g.

- Thi gian nm bt: Khong 15 pht.

Trc khi hc v nhip nh, iu u tin cn bit l hiu my nh ca mnh, hiu chc nng ca tnnt bm, bit khi no s dng chng c c bc hnh mong mun. Bi ny s ch trnh by nhnchc nng c bn nht ca mt chic my nh. Mi my nh gm 13 b phn chnh. Nu my nh bang s hu khng c hoc c nhiu hn 13 b phn ny, bn cn c thm v chc nng cachng trong sch hng dn s dng my nh ca mnh.

My nh compact c 13 b phn chnh. nh: Cnet.

1. n flash tch hp trn thn my gip chiu sng i tng trong iu kin chp ti. n c thc ci t chp t ng (ch chp khi cn thit), chp cng bc (lun chp) hay tt.

2. n h tr ly nt ch bt khi iu kin nh sng mi trng chp khng cho my nh ly nt.Mt s my nh cho php bn tt tnh nng ny trnh lm i tng mt tp trung.3. ng knh thu cnh vt (nh sng) hin th trn cm bin. Mt s ng knh my nh c thit kdng th tht khi bt/tt my, trong khi mt s khc li thit k ng knh trong lng my nh (khngth tht ra ngoi).


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Phn ln mn hnh LCD trn my compact s khong 2,5 ti 3,5 inch. nh: Cnet.

4. Vng ch cho php chuyn i gia cc ch chp khc nhau. Ngoi cc chc nng mc cnh

hu ht my nh u c ch P v ch A. ch P (Program), my s tnh ton cc thng sphi sng, cn li cho php ngi chp chnh mt s thng s nh n flash, ISO, cn bng trng.Cn ch A (Auto) l t ng hon ton, my s lo tt c cc thng s lin quan, vic ca ngidng ch l ngm v bm my.5. Mn hnh LCD pha sau l ni ngi chp dng cn khung hnh khi chp cng nh xem li nhva chp. C nhiu kch c mn hnh LCD khc nhau, t 2,5 inch ti 3,5 inch ty my. Hu htthng c phn gii t 230.000 im nh, nhng mt s my nh cao cp hn, phn gii cth ln n 920.000 pixel. Mn LCD c th c nh thn my, c th dng lt xoay, hoc c thch lt dng trong cc trng hp chp ht ln hoc chc xung.6. Phm iu hng thng pha sau my dng duyt qua menu v cc la chn. Xung quanh s

c mt nt hin th thng tin trn mn LCD (thng c tn DISPLAY) v nt xem li hnh va chp(k hiu l hnh tam gic). Cc chc nng truy cp nhanh cng c hin th bng biu tng in trnnt iu hng. Lu , mi my nh khc nhau s c cch sp xp khc nhau.

Cc nt chc nng ra trn my nh. nh: Cnet.

7. Nt chp nh c hai chc nng l ly nt v chp. Nu bn nhy nh nt chp, my nh s iuchnh ng knh ly nt, nu bn nhn mnh, my s chp.


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8. Nt iu chnh zoom dng thay i tiu c gia gc rng v tele thng c b tr thnh mtvng bao quanh nt chp nh. C nhng my li chn kiu thanh bm hai nt hai u pha sau.9. Nt cng tc ngun dng bt/tt my nh.

Np che pin di y my. nh: Cnet.

10. Np che pin thng di y v thng c m kiu ko trt hoc gt ly lp pin v thnh.11. L lp chn my c t pha di y my, cnh np che pin.

Cc cng kt ni bn sn my. nh: Cnet.

12. Bn sn my nh thng l cc cng kt ni ni my nh vi my tnh hoc mn hnh ngoi.Cp cho cc cng ny thng c i km my (cp USB, cp AV) hoc c th phi mua ri (cpHDMI).13. L x quai eo my nh.Trn y l mt s b phn c bn ca mt my nh s du lch thng dng.Bi ti s v cc k thut cn khung v tm hiu cc ch mc cnh trn my nh.


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nh sng trong nhip nh

(TG@O) - Ni dung v v p ca mt bc nh nhn chung c to nn bi cc vng ti (shadows), vngsng (highlights) v phn cn li (midtones).

Bc nh ngc sng

C ngi cn cho rng khng phi cc vng sng to nn bc nh m chnh vng ti quyt nh bcnh . Tht vy, nu khng c vng ti trong mt bc nh, th kh c th no ni nh sng cx l nh th no. Trn tinh thn ti xin ni v nh sng da trn s nghin cu cc vng ti.Trong thc t x l nh sng trong mi ln chp, ti ch quan tm chnh ti cc vng ny bit cc ngun sng c b tr nh mun ch quan ban u cha.Ti nh trao i bi ny bng cc tnh hung c th vi chi tit v b tr n, tt sng, ch nhng cng nh nhiu ngi, ti c nhiu sch dng ny lm v khng c cun sch no c th niht c tt c cc tnh hung nh sng. Cch tt nht l tch ring nh sng v nghin cu n, hiuv xc nh c n th vic chi phi, p dng n trong mi trng hp tr nn n gin hn rtnhiu.Nu bn l mt ngi lng mn, thch s may ri v hi hp cho nh sng ca mi bc nh hay miln chp th ti khuyn bn khng nn c tip, v khi nm r cc khi nim ny v lm ch c nth vic chp nh cng ging nh bao vic khc: Chn lm c bi nhiu mn hoi.

+ Ghi ch: Bi vit ch ch yu ni v nh sng trong studio, v nguyn tc th nh sng ngoi tri cng khng c s khc

bit, nhng kh nng ch ng x l ngun sng tri t hn nhiu. Ch c nhng ngi kin tr, x l nhanh tnh hung m

c c nhiu nh p khi s dng nh sng tri.

Ngun sng phn tch l ngun sng n. Vic x l a ngun sng cng bt ngun t vic x l tnngun sng n ny.Mi ngun sng c quyt nh bi 5 yu t chnh:- gt - du- sng- Hng sng


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- Nhit mu- Khong cch t ngun sng ti ch Mi bn c Th gii @ tip tc nghin cu su hn v 5 yu t chnh ny:1. gt - dua. Xc nh: bit c ngun sng gt hay du ta da vo cc vng bng trn ch . Cc vng ny cng

m v r bao nhiu, th ngun sng gt by nhiu v ngc li, cng m cng du. Cch n ginnht xc nh l dng i tay ca chnh bn. Bn hy a mt ngn tay trc ngun sng, sao chobng ca ngn tay ny trc tip trn lng bn tay cn li. Trong trng hp tay kia ca bn b bnth c th nh tm bn tay ca ngi mu, ch khc cng c nhng phi cn thn ;). Nu bn thybng ca ngn tay m, r rng th ngun sng l gt. Ngc li nu bng ca ngn tay m hoc rtm th nh sng l du hoc rt du.b. Nguyn nhn:nh sng gt: l do ngun sng nh, xa ch . Hoc ngun sng ln nhng do cch qu xa ch nn cc tia sng tip cn ch coi nh song song. C th:n flash gn trc tip trn my, hng thng vo ch m khng qua mt thit b/i tng tn

sng no.n flash trong studio c hoc khng c s dng loa che sng thng thng. Vic dng t ong(horney comb) cng cho kt qu tng t.n halogen, HMI ni chung l bt c loi g m trong khi s dng, cho ngun sng nh, tia sntip cn ch gn nh song song.Ngoi tri th nh sng mt tri khi ln cao, tri khng my v chiu thng trc tip ln ch . Sovi tri t th mt tri to hn rt nhiu nhng do qu xa nn trong thc t th cng c ci a to lcng.nh sng gt thng cho ra cc bc nh c tng phn cao, ni r chi tit ca ch .nh sng du: l do ngun sng ln, gn ch hoc i xuyn qua/phn x t cc cht liu/b mt tn

sng, v d soft box, vi d, giy can, tt sng, tng nh, trn nh, nh sng mt tri xuyn qua myhay trong nhng ngy tri y my, v.v Trong thc t ngun sng c t cng gn ch baonhiu th cng du by nhiu. Ni cch khc khi cc tia sng tip cn ch theo v s hng khcnhau s cho hiu ng du, hay cn gi l ngun sng tn. Vy nu bn i mua cc thit b to nh sndu nh d, soft box, tt sng, th cng to cng tt. Trong trng hp lm thi bn c th s dng ngatrn nh, vch tng sng to nh sng du, ch c iu cn thn khi trn hay tng nh c mukhng phi mu trung tnh. L do l cc mu khc mu trung tnh s nh hng n mu sc ca bcnh.nh sng du thch hp cho cc nh c tng phn thp, cc nh khng c yu cu cao v chi titvt chp, hay thm ch lm m i chi tit b mt vt chp.

c. ng dng:Vy l r lm sao c nh sng gt v du, trong thc t chp nh th ta c th tm tt nh sau:+ nh chn dung: Vic t ngun sng cng gn ch th hnh nh cng du (soft) che du hoc lmm bt c a s cc chi tit bt li nh np nhn, mn Khng ch ring thiu n, m bt c aiyu cu bn chp cho h nhng bc nh du nh, t np nhn th ch cn: To, tn, gn. Ngc li numun c nhng bc nh chn dung m i hi lt t chi tit chn dung nhn vt th: Nh, gt, xa+ nh tnh vt, qung co, sn phm: Tng t nh trong chp chn dung nu trn, nu bn mongmun c nhng hnh nh c tng phn cao, ni r chi tit b mt vt chp th trong a s cctrng hp: Nh, gt, xa s cho kt qu nh . Ngc li: To, du, gn s cho cc nh c tng


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phn thp, du, thm ch m mng, chi tit b mt vt chp khng r nt, sc so. Ngoi ra, nh snggt d to nn cc im la sng trn ch , c bit l cc vt, thy tinh, kim loi bng, hay cc vtbng ni chung. Ngc li, nh sng du t to nn cc im la sng trn cc loi vt chp/ch ntrn.2. snga. Xc nh:

sng ca mt ngun sng ph thuc chnh vo kh nng v cng xut ca ngun sng v c xnh bng cc thit b o, hay cc php tnh c th. Nhiu ngi s dng kinh nghim ca mnh v khi rt chnh xc. i vi ti, chc chn nht vn l my o.Trn th trng c rt nhiu sn phm, thit b o nh sng ca cc hng khc nhau vi gi t vi chUSD ti hn mt ngn USD, nhng theo ti c ci no cho kt qu ng v chnh xc l tt ri, nhtl khi ngn sch cho chp nh eo hp.nh sng ca mt tm nh cn ph thuc vo cc yu t khc trong khi chp nh nhy sng cafilm hay sensor, khu ng knh, v tc chp. Tuy nhin, cho n gin ta tm qui c l ccthng s ny gi nguyn, ch c cng nh sng l thay i thi.b. Tc dng:

Cng nh sng quyt nh chi tit cho mt tm nh. Film, sensor c kh nng cm nhn nh sngthp hn nhiu so vi mt ngi. Ti nhng khong ca cng sng nht nh, chi tit ca vt chkhng c th hin trn film, hay sensor, ti tm gi l cc khong m.C hai khong m: khong qu ti v khong qu sng. iu ny c bit quan trng nht l cc hnhnh ca bn c in li bng cng ngh in offset thng thng, ni m khong m ny rng nht sovi cc thit b/cht liu th hin hnh nh thng thng (monitor, giy nh, TV).Nhn trn th RGB histogram ca mt bc nh (bn c th xem th RGB level ca mt bc nhcng c) th nhng phn c tr s RGB thp hn 25 (chc chn nht l 28) tm gi l khong mti. Nhng phn ca ch nm trong khong ny gn nh hay hon ton khng th hin chi tit trnfilm, sesor, ni cch khc l khng thy g, ti en. Nhng phn trn bc nh c tr s RGB cao hn

249 (chn chn nht l 245) tm gi l khong m sng. Ti nhng phn ny chi tit vt/ch chptrn film, sensor gn nh khng c th hin, trng tinh. im yu ny ca film trong nhng trnghp c th c th c li, hoc bt li. Vy ng dng ca n l g?c. ng dng:Nh phn tch trn ta thy rng c c nhng khong hon ton en th nh sng chiu n ccvng ny phi thp, yu sao cho tr s nhng vng trn film, sensor nm trong khong m ti.Trong thc t thng cc vng ny c ch s o thp hn t nht 3 khu (3 stop) so vi khu chpTr s thc t ph thuc vo tng trng hp c th nhng cng t hn cng tt. Vy nu bn mun cmt bc nh vi phng en hon ton th lm sao phng ca bn c chiu sng thiu t nht l 3khu.

Ngc li c c nhng vng trng hay phng trng th nh sng chiu n cc vng ny phicao, cao sao cho tr s nhng vng trn film, sensor nm trong khong m sng. Trong thc tthng cc vng ny c ch s o cao hn t nht 1 1/2 khu so vi khu chp. Tr s thc t phthuc vo tng trng hp c th nhng ng qu cao. Nu cao qu nh c th b m, hallow haykhng trong.Theo nguyn l trn th, trong chp nh chn dung, vic chiu sng ch sao cho cc vng mun chdu khuyt im nm trong cc khong m, hoc gn st vi khong m. C th nu bn chiu sngkhun mt ca ngi mu hi d sng mt cht th s khng thy c cc khuyt im v da ca


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ngi mu, cng nh cc np nhn tr nn khng r rng, kh xc nh v ngc li bn c th checc khuyt im ny trong khong m ti.Trong chp nh sn phm th vic c cc khong m ti hay m sng xut hin trong nh khng ng h lm, nht l hnh dng trong bao b sn phm. Ni m mi th cn phi r rng, trung thc.Trong qung co th v cng, nhng cc khong m sng khng nn c, l do l cc thit b in offsets to nn cc bc nhy gt t vng an ton y thng tin sang vng m sng v lm cho bc nh

khng m, him c nh lm thit k/qung co chuyn nghip no chp nhn iu ny.3. Hng sngTrc din (frontal lighting), ngc (back lit), xin (side lighting), trn xung (top lighting), di ln(lighting from the bottom) l nhng t ngi ta dng ni v hng sng. c cc t ny th chccc bn cng c th mng tng c vn . y ti ch bn v cc ng dng ca tng loi.Trc din, vi v tr ngun sng chiu trc tip vo i tng, hay ngun sng nm trn trc ca ngknh, v d r rng nht l n flash gn trc tip trn thn my, hay ng knh (n flash trn, ringflash), hay bn treo n ngay pha trn hay di ng knh, hay bt c v tr no min l lung sngchiu trc tip ln ch c coi nh trc din. Khi mi bng u nm khut pha sau vtchp. Ti v tr ny, ci g nm trong khong nhn ca ng knh u c chiu sng gn nh nhau

Vi cch b tr n nh vy th ch xut hin trong bc nh s rt r v hnh dng, b li th chitit, cu trc b mt vt chp khng bt ln c, bc nh bt (flat), khng ni khi, nht l ngunsng l ngun sng du. Cch b tr nh sng ny ch ph hp vi hnh nghin cu, khoa hc, hnhchp li (copy) cc vn bn giy t, hnh nh khng phn sng. Ni th khng c ngha cch b tr ny khng ph hp trong chp chn dung thi trang.Trong nh chn dung v thi trang th cch b tr ny a s dng lm n ph (fill light) xa bcc bng do cc ngun sng chnh to nn. Nu ngun sng l ngun sng du/tn th vic nng cao vtr n v pha trn ng knh s cho bn mt kiu nh sng chn dung, thi trang rt p. Nu bn xembo thi trang nc ngoi th a s hnh ba hay cc hnh ngi mu chnh c chp vi ngun sngchnh ti v tr ny. n gin v hnh s c b cc nh sng u, a nhn, cc khim khuyt v da v

gng mt t l r nht. Trong thc t s dng th phi b tr cc ngun sng ph khc xa bngpha sau ch .Ngc, ngun sng t pha sau ch v hng thng v pha ng knh. Vi v tr b tr ny thngth ton b phn bin ca ch s ni r, pha trc ch ti en. Cch b tr ny nhm to ngven cho ch , hay dng tch ch ra khi phng. Nu b tr cao th c th coi nh n tc (hailight), chch sang hai bn th to ven hay kicker (th li cho ti khng bt gi bng g trong tingVit). B tr th d nhng khai thc v lm ch loi nh sng ny th kh do rt d b la sng (flare)hay bc nh nhn gi to, cht. Tuy nhin nu lm ch c loi nh sng ny th nh s rt d p. Vit Nam th hay c dng trong chp nh nude, nhiu bc p v cng!Trn xung, ngun sng nm trc din pha trn nh u vt chp. Cch b tr ny t c dng tron

nh chn dung n to nn cc khong ti thui pha di hc mt, di mi, v di cm, c th l vch na (ty theo trang phc ca ngi mu ;), nht l khi ngun sng nh v xa ch . Nu t hichch v pha sau th c vai tr lm n tc. Trong chp hnh sn phm th cch b tr ny cng hayc dng nhng thng l hi chch v pha trc ch v ngun sng thng to, tn/du, gn.Di ln, ngun sng c chiu trc tip t di ln. Cch b tr n nh th ny rt t dng trongnh chn dung, n lm cho ngi xem kh chp nhn, do i ngc li trong t nhin. Trong t nhint khi no bn gp th nh sng ny. Trong phim th nhiu hn, v a s l trong cc phim ma, kinh dTrong chp nh sn phm th loi nh sng ny c ch ng nht nh, n c dng xa bng, sosng vt chp, tuy nhin phi cn thn, do nh ni d cho nh khng tht, gi to.


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Xin, y l loi cho hiu qu d p nht, an ton nht trong tt c cc loi. V tr ca n nm ngocc v tr c bit nu trn v ngang hay qu lm l hi sau ch mt t thi.Trong thc t, con mt v thn kinh ca chng ta quen nht vi loi nh sng ny. N lm cho vicphn bit b mt chi tit i tng, hnh khi ca i tng d dng nht. Nu khng phi nhm tohiu ng g quan trng, cu k hay thm ch ci lng th ti thch s dng loi nh sng ny nht.Nhiu khi chng ta c t lm kh mnh khi bt p chnh chng ta phi to ra cc bc nh vi hiu n

c bit, s dng qu nhiu ngun sng khc nhau cng mt lc. c bit th i khi c bit tht,nhng p, a nhn hay khng th li l chuyn khc. Loi hng sng nh th ny c cc bcthy v hi ha s dng hng th k trc khi c pht minh ra my chp nh v cc bc ha ca h tti by gi hu th cng phi thn phc.Do nm chch v mt pha so vi trc my nh-ch nn cc bng do ngun sng cc hngny lun c to ra. Chnh s xut hin ca cc bng ny m ta bit c hng ca ngun sng,hnh khi ca vt chp, chi tit, cu trc b mt vt chp. Vn cn li l t u l p nht theoquan im ca ngi chp l iu ng quan tm. Trong chp nh chn dung, thng th ngunsng ny c t chch mt hng 45 so vi trc my nh-ngi mu v hi cao ln pha trnngi mu v my nh.

iu cui cng ti mun ni y l, trong chp nh chn dung vic t ngun sng x xch, qua liln xung i ba tc khng quan trng nhng trong chp nh qung co, thc phm, v cc sn phmnh, vic x dch ngun sng vi phn thi cng c th lm nn bc nh t nhng cng c th phhng mt bc nh ng ra rt p.4. Nhit muNi ti nh sng khng th khng ni ti nhit mu. Khng ch nhit mu c tc ng trc tipti mu sc ca vt chp trong bc nh m n cn to hiu ng thi im, tm trng (mood), xc cmcho bc nh. Bc nh tng sng vi nh sng hi xanh cho ta cm gic n c chp vo bui sng,trong lnh. Cng vi bc nh nhng m sc vng ng cho ta cm gic ca mt bui hong hn lnmn. V cng vi bc nh nhng nh sng xanh xao, nh nh cho ta cm gic n c chp vo

bui ti di nh n neon yu t. Vy c th nhit mu l g.Ngi ta dng nhit K ch nhit mu. Khi nung nng mt thanh st, th ti mt nhit btk no , thanh st s pht ra mt mu nht nh. Da trn hin tng ny ngi ta o c v a rakhi nim nhit mu. V c bn th nhit cng thp, nh sng cng , nhit cng cao th nsng cng xanh. V d khi ta bt bt la gaz ln th phn mu vng pha trn ngn la c nhit thhn phn mu xanh ca ngn la, trong hn hi (gi ) cng vy. Vy ln sau khi mi thuc l bnnn d iu thuc vo phn c la xanh nh, nhanh hn c vi phn ca giy y :).Th no l mt bc nh/hnh ng nhit mu? Ly g lm chun? Trong nhip nh v in n mtbc nh/hnh c gi l ng nhit mu nu nhng vt th, ch trong bc nh/hnh c musc ging nh vt th, ch thc khi so snh trong cng iu kin nh sng trng (day light), hay n

sng c nhit 5,500 K.Lm sao xc nh c nhit mu ca ngun sng? Chc bn s ngh ngay ti my o. Vngng nh th, nhng nu bn khng mun hay khng sn sng chi cho khon tin vi trm ti trndi mt ngn USD th cng n thi. Thc ra chp nh khng phi l mt ngnh i hi chnh xctuyt i. Vic chnh nhau vi chc K hay thm ch 100 K th cng ch khc nhau l my.Trong thc t th ta c th tm dng cc loi film chp nh, filter trn ng knh hay trn n cc bc nh ng nhit mu trong nhng trng hp c th. Dng nh th no, loi no th chcbn phi hi nh sn xut, ti th chu. i vi a s cc my k thut s th thng my s c cch t ng nhn bit nhit mu ca ch sp chp (Auto White Balance) mc d i lc cc tnh


11/92

nng ny d v cng, thng l trong mi trng nh sng nhn to, hay nh sng yu. Trong cc mk thut s chuyn nghip th vic t c cn bng trng d dng hn, do c nhiu la chn hn chngi s dng, nhng nh chuyn nghip. C th bn c th chn cc ty chn nh trc, auto, hayxc lp nhit mu chnh xc theo nh nhit mu m bn bit hay o c. Nu bn vnkhng thnh cng th ti c trnh by mt cch n gin c bc nh cn bng trngwww.vnphoto.net/forums/showthread.php?t=5110.

a s cc n flash thng thng c nhit mu khong t 5,000 K ti 5,500 K. n halogenn tc (tungsten) th thp hn, khong 2,800 ti 3,200 K. Ngoi tri th nhit nh sng trikhng my, vo bui tra c nhit khong 5,500 K. Trong bng rm khong 7,500 K, triy my khong 6,500 K, nh sng n neon trng thng thng khong 3,800 K.Bit c nhit mu ca ngun sng ri th vic bt bc nh c sc mu theo mnh khng khlm. Trong my k thut s, hay trong khi x l nh trong cc chng trnh chuyn i file raw thmun bc hnh ng cn bng trng, th bn phi chn ng nhit mu ca ngun sng dng tithi im chp. Mun hnh m sc vng th chn nhit mu cao hn thc t, ngc li nhit mu thp hn thc t s cho nh m sc xanh. i vi ti, trong chp nh ngi mu ti chp vi flash v chn nhit mu khong 6,000 K. Nh vy thng nhng nh ca ti lun c sc vng

nh chp di nh sng mt tri lc hong hn.Trnh by vn v nhit mu ny mt cch n gin trn giy tht kh i vi ti, nht l phn dng, theo ti cch n gin nht l chu kh chp tht nhiu vi cc ty chn khc nhau v bn s cc kinh nghim v vn ny. Tt hn c l trc khi tin hnh thc tp bn nn c tht k cccch thc ly cn bng trng trn my t sch hng dn ca nh cung cp.5. Khong cch t ngun sng ti ch Bao xa chnh l cu hi y. nh hng ca n nh th no trong thc t?Nh trn ni, ngun sng cng gn ch th cng du, cng xa ch th cng gt. Nu ch c vth khng ni lm g, nhng khong cch ca ngun sng ti ch s quyt nh cng sng cangun sng. Cng ny tng, gim theo bnh phng s tng gim theo khong cch gia ngun

sng v vt chp. C th khi khong cch gn hn gp i th cng sng tng ln gp bn ln.Ngc li khi khong cch ny xa i gp i th cng sng gim i gp bn ln.Vy, nu bn mun nh sng gim trn phng th khng phi l ko n ra xa vt chp m ngc li,ko li gn vt chp hn na. Gi thit y l vt chp nm gia phng v n.Nm c c im ny ca nh sng i khi bn c th tit kim c kh nhiu tin cho vic smn ca bn. n gin khp thm mt khu trn ng knh bn phi tng gp i cng xut n hic ti cng mt v tr b tr n (trong khi cc thng s khc khng i). Nu n hin ti bn ang c x dng ht cng xut th c ngha l phi mua thm mt ci n na c cng cng sut hay thaybng mt n khc c cng xut gp i. Trong khi bn ch phi ko n gn li thm mt t thimin l iu kin cho php.

Trn y l nhng khi nim c bn ca nh sng trong nhip nh m ti c kt c trong qu trntham gia vo lnh chp nh, hy vng t nhiu gip ch cho nhng ai mi bc chn vo lnh p vtn km ny. hiu tng tn vn ti ngh bn nn mua hn mt cun sch chuyn haytham d mt kha o to chuyn nghip. V quan trng nht l chp tht nhiu, th tht nhiu.Mt khi bn nm vng c vn th iu tng l kh ha ra tht d dng.
http://www.vnphoto.net/forums/showthread.php?t=5110http://www.vnphoto.net/forums/showthread.php?t=5110http://www.vnphoto.net/forums/showthread.php?t=5110


12/92

Cc nguyn tc c bn

bi ny, ngi hc s hc mt s nguyn tc c bn nht ca nhip nh v cch tn dng nhng ch mcnh thng dng chp nh.

Chun b

Thit b: Bt c my nh du lch no.

Mc tiu: Nm c nhng nguyn tc c bn ca nhip nh gip chp nhng bc

nh p cng nh tn dng c cc chc nng mc cnh ca my nh.

Thi gian cn thit: 20 pht.

Cc nguyn tc c bnNguyn tc phn ba.

Mt s my nh tch hp sn ng li cn khung. Bn ch vic bt ln bng cch bm nt DISPLAY hoc DISP lin t

n khi cc ng ny xut hin. Nu khng bn phi xem thm sch hng dn. nh: Cnet.

y l nguyn tc c bn v nguyn thy nht ca nhip nh, vn bt ngun t cc ha s ca nhngnm 1797. Nguyn tc ny thc ra rt n gin, l chia cnh thnh 9 vng bng nhau vi hai ndc, hai ng ngang (nh hnh trn). Sau ngi chp ch vic t i tng chp vo bt k imgiao nhau no (4 im). Vic ny nhm to s hp l v b cc thay v t cn i trong khun hnh.Cn khung


13/92

Cnh s tr nn p hn nu bn s dng k thut to khung cho nh. nh: Cnet.

i khi mt cnh s tr nn p hn nu bn s dng k thut to khung cho nh. Chp qua nan hoabnh xe p hoc s dng cc cnh l pha trn, di hoc hai bn lm khung che bt nhng cnhxung quanh, cnh gia khung trng s ni bt hn v s thu ht c s ch ca ngi xem hn.Phi cnh


14/92

C gng th nhiu gc tm gc t phi cnh n tng nht. t my nh xung t ri ht ln hoc gi thng m

ln tri s to mt cch nhn th v hn l my ngang tm mt nh thng thng. nh: Cnet.

S dng cc ng nt to cho nh c mt su nht nh. V d khi chp mt ta nh t dichn ht ln, bc nh s to nn mt cm gic ta nh ny cao hn bnh thng. Hoc bn cng c thdng cc ng nt dn hng ngi xem ti phn chnh ca i tng chp. Vi nhng cnh ki

ny, bn nn s dng tiu c rng nht c th ca my nh bao qut c nhiu i tng.Bn mu (Patterns)

Nn s dng nhng mu n gin cho khung hnh khng qu ri rm, gy mt tp trung cho ngi xem. nh: Cnet.

Hy tm mu vi cc i tng lp i lp li trong khung cnh v a n vo khung hnh. Nu t, bnc th zoom li gn n chim phn ln khung hnh v loi b c cc i tng gy mt tptrung. Nh bc hnh trn, ngi chp zoom li gn bc tng chn trc khu nh cao tng vi ccl gch to nn mt mu nn rt th v.Cc ch mc cnh c bnCc ch mc cnh trn my ca bn c th gip ci thin cht lng chp nh nu bit s dngng ni ng ch. D t ng, nhng cc ch ny vn cn thm mt cht iu chnh t ngichp th mi pht huy c ht tnh nng.Ch chn dung (Portrait)


15/92

nh chp bng ch Portrait. nh: Shawn Low/Cnet.

Mt s ngi chp thch pha hu cnh m nhn mnh hn vo i tng. Thng thng, ch nhn din khun mt s t ng canh nt vo mt ngi chp v chn m thch hp ( mln) to mt nh chn dung ni hn trn nn hu cnh.Ch phong cnh (Landscape)

Chp bng ch Landscape. nh: Shawn Low/Cnet.


16/92

Ch phong cnh kh hu dng cho vic chp cnh thng thng bi ch ny, tng mu lc vmu lam s c kch ln bc nh trng rc r hn. My nh ch ny cng s la chn mthch hp sao cho ton b khung cnh u c nt.Ch chp bi bin/tuyt (Snow/Beach)

Chp bng ch Snow/Beach. nh: Chee-onn Leong/Cnet.

My nh s t gim phi sng trnh hin tng chy sng do sng chnh lch gia tuyt hocnc bin so vi cnh vt xung quanh. V th, nh s trng hi ti hn c th th hin cc chi titvng sng r hn.Ch chp m (Night mode)


17/92

Chp bng ch Night Mode. nh: Eugene Barzakovsky / Cnet.

Ch chp m l d b "by" nht. Thng thng, nhiu ngi phn nn rng nh chp ch ny thng b rung, m. Vn ch yu do ngi dng cm my khng chc. Nn nu khng cchn my, bn cn t my mt mt phng vng chc trnh rung ti a ch khng nn cm tay.

Tc ca trp

Tc ca trp (hay mn trp) l mt trong nhng thut ng thng dng nht trong nhip nh, n ch tc chp mt bc nh l nhanh hay chm.

Bn trong my nh c mt c ch ca trp m ra/ng vo vi tc nhanh chm khc nhau iuchnh lng sng i vo cm bin. Tc c coi l nhanh thng t mc 1/125 giy hoc hn nh1/250 hay 1/500 giy. Tc c coi l chm t mc 1/30 giy hoc thp hn nh 1/15 hay 1/8 giTuy nhin, cc thng s nhanh chm ny khng c nh m cn ph thuc vo cm my chc tayca ngi chp.

Yu cu chun b

Thit b: Bt k my du lch no v mt chn my mini.

Mc tiu: Nm bt c tc ca trp l g v cc thit t khc nhau s tc ng

n hnh nh nh th no.

Thi gian: 10 pht.

Tc nhanh.


18/92

Tc nhanh cho php ng bng khonh khc chuyn ng, nh trong v d v cc vn ng vin bi bin ny. nh:

Shawn Low / Cnet.

Vi c tnh c th ng bng chuyn ng, tc nhanh rt hu dng trong vic chp cc vt thchuyn ng nhanh nh t ua hay vn ng vin.

Vi cc vt th chuyn ng nhanh, nu dng tc chm chp (nh nh trn) s gy nn hin tng m nh do b t

ng bi c chuyn ng nhanh ca vt ln rung lc do tay cm my gy nn. nh: Ardelfin/MorgueFile.


19/92

Tc ca trp nhanh ngha l qu trnh m ra ng vo ca ca trp nhanh hn, nh s khng b mdo rung ca tay bm gy nn. Hu ht my nh du lch hin nay s t ng tng tc chp nunh sng nhiu (nh chp di nh nng). Tuy nhin, vn c nhng cch c th buc my nh tngtc chp nhng vn ny s c bn ti nhng bi sau. bi ny, ngi hc ch cn nh tc nhanh s gip ng bng chuyn ng v trnh cho nh khi b m do rung ca tay cm my.

Tc chm.

Tc chm c dng cho nh chp m. Tuy nhin, nh mang thm chn my tng thm vng chc. nh: Shaw

Low/Cnet.

Tc chp chm cho php nh sng vo cm bin nhiu hn, v th n thng c s dng chnh trong nhng iu kin thiu sng. Tuy nhin, my nh lun c xu hng b rung do tay cm khichp tc chm khin cho nh b m, v th tt nht trong nhng trng hp ny l ngi chpnn dng chn my.


20/92

S dng tc chp chm khin cho dng nc chy trng mm mi nh la. nh: Shawn Low/Cnet.

Hnh nh mt dng nc r nt c th khin bc nh tr nn nhm chn. Cc dng sng hay thc n(nh bc nh trn) trng s gi cm hn nu nh c chp bng tc chm, to nn m oca hiu ng chuyn ng chy. Cch tt nht to hiu ng ny l s dng tc chm, m nh(f/11 ti f/22) v chn my.Tc ca trp hin th u?


21/92

Tc ca trp hin th y l gi tr 1/13 giy. nh: Shawn Low/Cnet.

Hu ht my nh du lch khng cho php ngi chp chnh tc ca trp, nhng ngi chp vn cth xem gi tr thng s ny khi bm nh ly nt. Cc thng s phi sng m my nh tnh tonthng c hin th cnh di ca mn hnh LCD.C th thay i tc ca trp c khng?Nh cp, hu ht my nh du lch khng cho php chnh sa tc ca trp. Tuy nhin, ccbi hc sau v m v ISO, bn s hc cch chnh tc ca trp gin tip ca vic iu chnh ccthng s ny.

m

Tc ca trp iu khin thi gian cm bin bt sng, cn m iu chnh lng sng i qua ng knh vcm bin.

Sau khi hc v tc , bi ny s ni n m, mt thng s khng nhng thng dng m cn c ngha rt quan trng trong nhip nh.

Tc ca trp iu khin thi gian cm bin bt sng, cn m iu chnh lng sng i qua ngknh vo cm bin. m iu khin lng sng bng mt "ca s" trong ng knh di dng b lchoc cc l thp c hc.

Yu cu chun b

Thit b: Bt k my nh s no

Mc tiu: Hiu m l g, cch thc m vi tc iu ha phi sng cho mt

bc nh.

Thi gian: 15 pht.


22/92

m l g? m l kch thc "ca s" m rng ra hay hp vo iu chnh lng nh sng vo cm bin.Trong nhip nh, m thng c k hiu bng ch "f" theo sau l s. V d: f/2.8, f/8 hay f/16.S sau ch "f" chnh l kch c ca m "ca s" nhng c quy c ngc, ngha l s cng nh m cng ln, v s cng ln m cng nh. m ln

Hnh minh ha cho c ch m bng l thp m rng. nh: Cnet.

m ln c biu th bng cc s nh, chng hn f/2.8 hay f/3.5. Hu ht cc my nh du lch c m ti a l f/3.5, mc d hin nay bt u c nhng phin bn tin tin hn vi m c thln ti f/2 hay thm ch l f/1.8.Do m ln c th cho lng nh sng vo cm bin nhiu hn nn m ln thng c dngtrong nhng iu kin thiu sng. Thm vo , do lng sng vo cm bin nhiu hn nn cng nngha vi vic tc chp c th y nhanh hn, gip nh khng b m do rung my. m hp


23/92

Hnh ny cho thy m c khp hp li vi s f ln, chng hn f/16. nh: Cnet.

m nh thng c biu th bng nhng s ln sau ch "f" nh f/11, f/13 hay f/16 hoc hn. Hht cc my nh du lch c m nh nht l f/11.Nu ngi chp chp nh trong nhng iu kin nh sng mnh (gia tra nng), m nh gipiu tit lng sng hp l vo cm bin, trnh nh b chy sng. Trong trng hp ny, ngi chpcng c th y nhanh tc t hiu qu tng t.Knh lc ND v l thp m c hcMy nh du lch s dng hai c ch iu tit lng nh sng i qua ng knh vo cm bin. Mttrong s l s dng knh lc ND (neutral density - trung tnh) vi mt lp knh c mu sm hnthng thng nhm gim lng sng i vo cm bin. Thm vo , s dng knh ND khng lm thai gi tr m. V th, s dng knh lc ND l gii php kinh t hn nn c s dng ph bin htrong cc my nh du lch.


24/92

Gi tr m hnh trn l f/3.3. nh: Cnet.

Nhng ngi chp chuyn nghip th chn s dng c ch l thp c th ng hay m ty theo ngchp iu chnh. Nh vic c th t chnh m ch ny c th gip ngi chp tri nn sng to hTng t nh tc ca trp, thng s v m c hin th ngay cnh di mn hnh LCD.C th thay i m trn my du lch c khng?Hu ht cc my nh du lch khng cho php thay i m, tuy nhin, ngi chp vn c th iuchnh m gin tip qua thng s ISO.Lu : Hin mt s my nh du lch cao cp (Canon G12, Lumix DMC-LX5...) c trang b y cc tnh nng v thng s chnh tay, bao gm c tc ca trp v m.

S dng n flash trong chp nh

(TG@) - nh sng mt tri lun l ngun sng tuyt vi nht cho mt bc nh. Th nhng, khng phi lcno chng ta cng c th c c ngun nh sng t nhin v v gi ny. V khi y, chic n flash tr nnmt ngi bn qu gi cho nhng ai ang cn mt bc hnh.

V l thuyt, s dng n flash ca my chp hnh l vic n gin: Bn cn s tr gip ny khi

khng th chp nh ch vi nh sng t nhin. Hu ht my nh hin nay u trang b n flash, tuynhin bn nn tham kho cc th thut bn di m bo lun sn c nhng bc nh p nh


25/92

n flash ph ca Canon nh: Canon.com

Khi no nn dng flashMt s ngi lun n flash my chp hnh ch m, do s c trng hp n flash nhkhng cn thit. Trong khi , vi ngi li tt hn flash. Tt nht, bn nn tt flash v ch bt khithc s cn thit.Khi chp li khonh khc ca mt hnh ng trong iu kin nh sng yu s dng flash, bn cn tion trc v tr no ca hnh ng m mnh s chp, ly tiu im (focus) trc bng cch gi nhln nt chp nh, lc ny, khung tiu im trn mn hnh LCD s chuyn t trng sang mu xanh lcy. Cch ny s gip bn nhanh chng ly c khonh khc nh ca hnh ng ang din ra v

gim bt tr ca mn trp. Lu l gi i tng chp nm trong phm vi ca n flash, thngthng l 5 m.Mt cch thc khc c th p dng l tt flash v tng phi sng. Lc ny, my nh s gi cho mtrp m lu hn, cho php nhiu nh sng vo trong b cm bin hn. Cch thc ny cn c thnghim nh v mt vi li c th xut hin km theo s gia tng m trn nh. Tuy vy, trungthc ca nh c gia tng ng k khin cc li trn khng cn l vn ln.Dng flash ng cchHu ht my chp hnh u cnh bo ngi dng bng mt biu tng trn knh ngm khi khng nh sng c c bc nh p nu khng dng n flash. Hy c k hng dn s dng hiuc thng bo v gii quyt tnh hung ny. Bn cng c th kim tra tc mn trp m mynh ang d nh s dng; gi tr di 1/60 giy l qu chm. Ngoi ra, bn cng c th tng nhyISO hay bt flash. Nhiu kh nng n flash trn my nh ca bn cn h tr cc ch khc ngoitt v m. Bn phi bit r khi no cn chuyn hn sang ch ph flash (fill flash) trnh hintng bng khi chp nh ngi ang ng ngoi tri di nh nng trc tip, v khi no cn chntnh nng gim mt (red eye reduction) chp nh trong nh di iu kin thiu sng.


26/92

Canon Mark III v flash nh n lin tc EX 580

nh sng mt tri t nhin lun lun mang li cho bc nh mu sc trung thc v c chiu su hn cd l bui ti hay ban ngy. nh chp thun sng s cho khun mt ngi c chp ti tn, hi hcng cnh vt. Trng hp khi c nng gy loang l khun mt, bn nn chn ch x thch hp.Theo nhiu nhip nh gia c kinh nghim th h dng ch x n t 1/8 n 1/32. cc a imnh di mi hin hay tri hi sm, khun mt i tng thng b ti cc gc cnh nh khe mt,hc mi ta cng nn dng flash nhng ch x mc khong 1/16 n 1/32. Nu bn x mnh hn, mngi sng nhng hu cnh li b en dn n hnh chp ban ngy m khi xem li thnh bui ti.Khi trong nh, cnh c sng v tht mu ta khng nn hng thng n flash vo mt itng m nn hng n ln pha trn nh ( dng c th thut ny trn nh phi phng, khng c

vt hay cong). Ch ny gip ta c c bc hnh tht mu nh chp khng dng n. nh sngph trong nh gp phn quan trng to nn bc hnh sng. Lc ny, nh sng ca n neon hayhalogen rt quan trng. Flash nn c x mnh ht c hoc 1/2, 1/4 ty theo lu lng nh sng phv cao ca trn nh. Trn thp th x nh, cao th mnh. Tuy nhin, cao qu (trn 10 m) th siusao cng phi b tay, bn ch nn nh thng vo mt.

Khi chp hnh ban m, nhiu ngi chp nh flash vo mt ch th xa ri thc mc l v sao chng nhn thy u, d

c trang tr n sng. l do khi chp chng ta tc (Speed) hi cao, thm ch qu cao hoc n flash x qu

mnh gy nn mt ngi th sng trng, pha sau en x. i vi gii chuyn nghip th iu ny ht sc n gin: Tc

gim xung t 1/8 n 1'. Nu c chn ba cng t my ln th cng tt, m bo c nt ca c ngi v cnh.

Flash lc y bn c th auto hoc x nh chng 1/4 n 1/8 ty theo chng loi n. Nu l my nh s bn c th tn

ISO cao ln cng tuyt tc.

Chp phong cnh bng ng tele

(TG@) - Khi ni n chp phong cnh, chng ta thng ngh n vic s s dng mt chic ng knh gc rng (wide)

thu nhn nhng hnh nh . Th nhng vn c nhng bc hnh tuyt p c ghi nhn li bng ng knh gc hp-xa

(tele).


27/92

V y cng khng phi l chuyn him c bi kh nhiu nhip nh gia ang s dng ng knh loiny chp phong cnh.

Ca bin Hm Thun

Nhiu ngi hay quan nim sai lm rng phi cnh c quyt nh bi tiu c, nhng trong thc tiu duy nht quyt nh phi cnh l v tr bn t my nh. t nht c hai nguyn tc bn cn bit.

Th nht, cng li gn i tng, kch c i tng cng to ln trong khung hnh (iu ny ai cngbit). Th hai, khi bn dch chuyn gn hn ti cnh cn chp, cc i tng gn s tng kch cnhanh hn cc i tng xa (iu ny khng phi ai cng bit). Chnh nguyn tc th hai thng bngi chp b qun. Do phi cnh c quyt nh ch bi v tr t my nh, bn c th thy rngphi cnh d chu nht thng l cnh c nhn mt khong cch rt xa. to khun hnh viphi cnh kiu nh vy, bn cn phi zoom li gn vi mt ng knh tiu c di. Thng thng, ccnhip nh gia s khuyn bn nn s dng ng knh c tiu c 70-200 mm s mang tnh c ng hncho nhng hot ng ngoi tri.Ngun ti cho nh phong cnh thng rt phong ph. Cnh ng ma gt, bi bin ngy nng,dng sng trong xanh... l nhng i tng quen thuc i vi ngi cm my. Thm ch, nu bit

cch b tr gc nhn v thi im chp hp l, bn c th bin nhng cnh tng chng nh th cngtrong thnh ph hay trn mt cy cu tr nn c bit hp dn.Nhip nh phong cnh khng qu kh v cng khng yu cu qu cao v thit b nhng i hi ngchp tun th nghim ngt cc quy tc b cc v lun sng to nhm em n s mi l.

Vnh Phan Thit

Vi ng knh wide, vic chp nh gc rng cn dn tri s to nn mt bc nh phong cnh tuyt viTh nhng nu chn mt tiu c hp l ca ng knh tele, bn s c c nhng chi tit tuyt vi,


28/92

km theo nhng im nhn m chng ta kh c th c c khi s dng ng wide. Do vy, nu mkhung cnh tri di v c mu sc c bit, cc nhip nh gia s chn ng knh tele th hin n.Ngoi ra, chp nh phong nh chnh l nhip nh ngoi tri, m nhip nh ngoi tri ph thuc rtnhiu vo iu kin nh sng t nhin. nh nng gt vo tm tra gip y cao mu sc v sngnhng c th khin nh b xn hay nht do cn bng trng hot ng km chnh xc. tng phnqu ln gy bi nh sng mnh i khi cng khin vic th hin cc chi tit ti tr nn kh khn. Vi

ng knh tele, vic th hin tng phn v sc nt s tt hn ng knh wide, bi vic thu nhntrng nh hp s gip chi tit ni bt hn hn.Nu bn ng trn tm xa nh trn mt ngn ni, u mt dng sng hay trc mt tho nguyn btngt, hn ai ht, ngi chp s u tin s mt bng chic ng knh tele ca mnh bi khi y, ng knhwide s thiu i nhng chi tit cn nhn m chng ta mun th hin.

Khi no phi dng tripod

Tripod l mt trong nhng trang b quan trng i vi nhng ngi theo ngh nh, nht l vi nhng ngichuyn chp phong cnh, ng vt v phng vin nh th thao.

Trong nhip nh, khi nim tc an ton l khi chp vi tc ng mn trp nh hn t l mt tr di tiu c th s thu c hnh nh c nt chp nhn c (v d, 1/50 giy l tc an ton kchp ti tiu c 50mm). Tuy nhin, trn thc t, cch ny ch p dng tt vi ng knh gc rng titiu c trung bnh, nhng tng i kh thc hin vi ng knh tele, v tc cng nhanh, nh sngvo cng t, ng ngha vi bc nh b thiu sng. Bn cnh , yu t th lc cng nh hng r rtvic c cm chc my nh hay khng (hin nhin khi th lc sung mn, ngi chp cm my s chctay hn khi va i, va mt). Hn na, tc an ton thc t ch ng vi my phim v dng fullframe, cn trn dng my dng cm bin crop, cn chp vi tc nhanh hn (do cm bin nh hnnn nh thu c lun b phng i). Nhng kh khn trn hon ton c th khc phc nu s dngtripod.Sau y l phn hng dn ca nhip nh gia Roger W.Hicks ng trn trang Shutterbug.6 l do s dng tripod.


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Bc nh trn chp t nh mt ta thp ng h. Sau khi tro hng trm bc thang n c y, ngi chp hn rt mt. Lc ny l tng nht l dng

tripod. nh: Shutterbug.1. Vng nh rThng thng, khi chp vi tc an ton cn m khu ln hn cn thit cho vng nh r, nht l khchp i tng tnh nh ni tht hay kin trc. Khi chp i tng di chuyn c th gy mt s khkhn, nhng gi i tng ng yn mt vi giy vn d hn so vi vic bn gi yn my nh

trong mt phn mi giy. i vi nh macro, s dng tripod cng cho hiu qu tt hn r rt v vnnh r thng b, m mn trp lu do khu hiu qu rt nh.2. Khi dng tripod, c th h thp nhy sng (ISO).Thng thng, nh sng, bn phi m mn trp lu hn b cho khu nh (hoc chnh khln nht ca lens nhng nh vn thiu sng), hoc phi y ISO ln hay dng film nhy sng hn.Nhng vi ISO thp, nh thu c vn c cht lng cao hn, mu tt hn, nh sc nt hn, nhiu ht hn.3. C nh gc nhn.V d in hnh l khi phi sp t mu hoc b thit b trong studio. Khi sp t, ngi chp s phinhn qua viewfinder v tu chnh mu tng cht mt. Nu my khng c c nh, th ngi chp

khng th chc l c a c my vo li ng v tr trc hay khng.Cng nh vy, khi chp bng my nh kh rng (large format) cng thit b, ngi chp vn cn gnc nh my thc hin cc thao tc k thut ngay c khi phi sng ngn khng dng tripod.Hoc khi chp nh HDR hay ghp panorama, cn chn my chp cc bc hnh lin tip n khpvi nhau, nh phn mm ghp nh s chy nhanh hn, tit kim c nhiu thi gian hn.4. Chp nh chn dung.Mt s nhip nh gia chp chn dung thch nhn v iu chnh ngi mu cng nh nh sng trc tihn l qua viewfinder, v n gip h cm nhn, nm bt bc nh tt hn. Ngi mi chp s phi thhnh nhiu cch cm nhn c th iu chnh mu khng di chuyn ra ngoi khun hnh hayvng ly nt khi s dng tripod c nh khun hnh.

5. S dng tripod mi tay khi phi cm my qu lu.Trong khi bn setup khun hnh, iu chnh mu, tripod gip gi my, gi c nh lun khun hnhbn mun chp.6. Khi setup my ln tripod, thng th t ngi dm ng li lu chn ngang tm nhn ngi chpy l mt cch s dng hng ro tm l rt hiu qu.S dng tripod c nhng thun li nh trn, nhng cng c 6 l do bn khng nn dng, tt nhin l mt chng mc no .


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S dng tripod mini. nh: Shutterbug.1. Tnh linh hot.Nhiu khi tnh hung nh hay li tri qua trong khi ngi chp ang mi lp tripod.2. B cm s dng tripod.C mt s t ni cm s dng tripod, v ni ng ngi i li, khi t chn my c th lm vng lii ca ngi khc hoc y n gin l ch l mt quy nh c ban ra. Khi c 2 la chn. Ml xin php vi thi tht cu th, i khi c th phi tr tin, nhng thng l c. Cch th hai ls dng thit b khc thay cho tripod.

3. b mt khng n nh.Mc ch dng tripod l gi c nh my nh, gim ti thiu rung lc gy nhe nh. Nhng nuang trn b mt khng n nh nh boong tu (tr trng hp tu rt ln) hoc sn tu ha th chbng tay li t rung hn l t trn tripod.4. Chn my qu to v nng.Rt nhiu ngi bt u chp nh, thng nghe theo cc li khuyn t cc din n v nhip nh, mua tripod qu to v nng c th mang theo trong cc chuyn i. Bn nn nh mt iu n gin lmt tripod nh lun mang theo s lun lun hu ch hn mt tripod chc chn ang ct nh.5. Mua phi mt tripod yu.Ngc vi iu 4 trn, khi tripod khng th gi my bn vng, v vy ng mang n theo.

6. C nhiu thit b h tr tt hn tripod. nhng ni cm s dng tripod c ln, bn c th dng tripod bn, monopod, gn gimthiu hin tng nhe nh.V d, i chp vi my Leica nh gon, r rng dng tripod kim loi to, nng khng th thun tin nhdng tripod composite nh SLIK Snapman hay Velbon Maxi 343i, hoc dng chn bn Ultra PodII cc nh, c th treo ngay di my khi khng dng. Nhng chn ny c th chp qua ca knh (chn hng v knh v chp qua hoc ln ngc ly im ta. Khi i chp bng my ln, v


31/92

d nh my kh trung 5x7 inch hoc ln hn (medium format), c th dng chn Gitzo hay chn nIFF...Mt gi khc khi dng chn bn l s dng ngc nh l im ta, th nh ra, tm ngng v bmm mn trp, tip tc th nh. V ng c gi hi th.

Lm ch mu sc bng filter

(NL) - c nhng bc nh p vi mu sc sng ng, ngi chp nh cn nm r cng dng v chcnng ca tng filter (knh lc) mi c th chn c loi ph hp.

Nh mt knh eo mt, cc loi filter c cng dng iu tit v iu chnh quang hc lng nh sngi vo ng knh, gip lc v loi b cc tia sng khng tt i vi nh, to ra cc hiu ng quang hcln nh.Ngoi ra, filter cng ng vai tr bo v thu knh ngoi ca ng knh. Filter dng c cho tt c cloi my nh t my film SLR, Digital SRL n my s P&S, k c cc loi thit b chuyn dng nh

knh thin vn, ng nhm... C rt nhiu loi filter, nhng loi sau y c s dng ph bin nhthin nay.UV filterMt thng khng thy c UV (ultraviolet ray - tia cc tm) nhng phim hoc cm bin u ghinhn. Do tn sc, tia UV s lm cho nh b m mu lam. S dng filter UV rt cn thit cho mi cnhchp ban ngy, nht l khi chp vng ni cao v cnh sng bin.Khi gn filter ny, nh chp s gim c hin tng m mu, r hn, khng kh trong nh s trongv sch hn m khng gim lng nh sng vo trong thu knh. Filter ny cng nh c dng nhlp bo v chng li s va p hay ng nc trn b mt thu knh ngoi.

Mu sc th hin cho tng loi filter. nh: cameradigital.net

Hin c rt nhiu hng sn xut filter ni ting nh Marumi, B+W, Hama... cho ra l cc loi filterUV i cng chc nng vi cc loi filter khc nh Sky light, IR Cut (Infra Red light Cut), Haze...


32/92

V vy, khi la chn filter, nn y l UV filter loi g, c khp vi mc ch s dng khng.Chng hn Filter B+W Sky Light KR 1.5 mc nh c c chc nng chng li tia UV hoc MarumiUV/IR Cut mc nh c chc nng lc b c tia Infra Red ln tia UV. Cng nn lc nh filter trcnh sng mt tri bit filter lc c mu g.ND filterND, GND v Graduated filter u c c cng dng cn quang v lm thay i bo ha mu. Filter

ND c ph mt lp phim mu xm trung tnh, ty theo mc m c m n lm thay i sc i vi tt c cc loi mu. ND filter cn c tn gi khc l Light Volume Reduction, tc dng chnhl cn quang dn ti gia tng thi lng phi sng.Nhng my nh hin i ngy nay u cho php ngi chp y tc chp ln rt cao hoc gim t chp xung rt thp b tr lng nh sng gii hn bi khu , cho ra tc phm ht sc th v

nh chp dng thc nc bng ND filter. nh: cameradigital.net

Khu ln s to ra DOF mng tch ch th ra khi tin cnh v hu cnh, song do nh hng camt s iu kin nh sng, i khi ngi chp khng th ty chnh c m mong mun to ranh trng DOF ph hp.

Bng gi filter

B+W, Marumi, Hoya, Kenko: 200 USD

B+W 82mm Circular Polarizer C-POL SLIM NEW: 115 USD

B+W 77mm Neutral Density ND 0.9 (8x) 103 Glass: 110 USD



Trong trng hp ny, filter ND l mt gii php. Cn nu cn gim thi gian ca tc m vn ginguyn khu to nhe th s dng filter ND l mt gii php u vit, c bit l khi chp ndng nc chy hoc thc .Polarizers filternh sng di chuyn theo dng sng, tt c cc vt th u phn x nh sng v ng knh ghi nhn tob nhng loi sng nh sng phn x . Trong qu trnh phn x, cc sng nh sng phn chiu nyc th cng hng hoc gy nhiu ng sng nh sng kia gy ra la sng v bng nh.


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Bng cch xc lp trc truyn, Polarizers Filter s cn nhng tia sng do phn chiu, ch cho phpnhng tia sng c phng vung gc vi tia sng phn chiu i vo ng knh, hn ch cc sng nhsng phn chiu lung tung.Nh , sng nh sng t cc vt th khng phn chiu phn cc i vo ng knh c lc b i snhiu ng. V d, ch th ang vng mt nc (hoc trc mt knh), Polarizers Filter s loi b sm (veil) bn ngoi, to cho nh sng truyn t ch th vo ng knh mt cch trung thc, mu sc v

nt c bo ton phn no.Tht l kh nu chp nh mt ch th ng trc hoc sau b mt phn chiu m khng dngPolarizers Filter. Nu dng filter ny chp nh cc vt th trc gng hoc mt nc, k c dibu tri sng chi, s rt hiu qu.

Chp ngc sng

(TG@) - i din vi ngun sng ln lun l mt vn ti k khi chp nh. Th nhng i vi nhng tmnh ngc sng li c nhng bt ng v mt ngh thut. Do vy, chp ngc sng lun l mt th thch chonhng tay my thch khm ph ci p t nhip nh.

Phng php chp ngc sng tng vin nh - nh: Panoramio

chp bnh minh hoc hong hn, vn kh khn cho nhng nhip nh gia chnh l lm cch no r v sng ch th ca mnh, khi vn phi th hin gc nh ang nm ngc sng. c bit, nhng

tm nh ngc sng thnh cng u lun lun nhn mnh ch th pha sau, hay cn gi l phng nny chnh l im nhn quan trng m mt tm nh ngc sng cn th hin.Khi ch th c to hnh p, mang tnh ngh thut, bc nh s thc s tuyt vi. Bn s khng thc c nhng bc hnh p nu ch th ngc sng thiu tnh r rng, mt nt. trnh iu ny,vic u tin ca nhng ngi cm my chnh l o sng. K nng ny rt quan trng khi chp ngsng. Mt ch th ti gia khung hnh s to ra nhng bt li nht nh cho vic o sng. o sngch nhm cht tham s phi sng trn my, ri sp xp b cc hnh nh nh mun v chp li.Ngay sau khi chp, tham s phi sng s m nh c v bn tr li phng thc chp thng thng.Tt nhin, khng phi iu kin nh sng no cng gip cho mt bc nh ngc sng hon ho. Tt


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nht nn chn hu cnh v ch th chnh sng nhiu mt cht. Nu chnh qu t, khi gim sng chth en hn th hu cnh cng b ti li lm mt chi tit.

K thut chp silhouette cc chi tit thng c mu en - nh: Animal PlanetNu chp nhn hu cnh chy th n gin, c o sng im vo mt mu, cng thm khong 0.5 n0.7 EV ty theo da mu en hay trng. Xong cn thn th kha sng li ri chp. Cn nu nh munhu cnh vn c r th phi tng sng cho mu. C th dng ht sng hoc thm n gi l fill flashThng thng, chng ta nn chn gc chp thun sng (ngun sng sau lng ngi chp) th thchhp nht. Nhng nu phi chp ngc sng, nht l khi ch th l ngi, th khun mt thng b ti hn ch hin tng ny, bn c th gim bt EV v bt ch Flash ON (bt buc n flash philm vic d c d sng). Chng ta dng ngun sng flash lm sng khun mt ca ch th. Khi

gim EV nn nh s gim bt sng trng, ng thi vi ch Flash ON c th s lm sng lnphn no khun mt ca ch th. ng nhin, bn cng phi quan tm n khong cch chp vphm vi n flash bao ph.Trong cc bc nh thin nhin hoc hnh ci, phng php chp ngc sng tng vin nh hay lmen ch ny kh c a chung, nhm lm tng gi tr ca ch th trc mt ngun sng. V dnh hnh nh i bn tr trc bin, cnh nhng ch lc bng ngang sa mc... Phng php ny tra kh n gin khi ch cn a my, o sng vo chnh ch ri chp. Th nhng nu nh chng tqun sit khu (ng khu ti a), kh nng chy hnh l rt ln bi ngun sng trc tip lt vmy s gy nn hin tng en c tm hnh, ch khng ch en vt th. Trong s nhng k thut chpngc sng, silhouette (bng trn nn sng) l cch hay lt t tm trng bc nh, trong cc chi

tit thng c mu en nhm lm ni bt ng vin, hnh dng ch th.


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Tm nh ngc sng thnh cng phi nhn mnh c ch th pha sau - nh: Panoramio

Trong khi chp cnh thin nhin, nhng nh sng trng mt tri trc tip c th lm thay i din mbc nh mt cch ngoi mun. Hin tng ny xut hin khi bn khng c v tr chp nh thunchiu vi nh sng. V trong t th chp nh ngc nh sng y, bn s c c mt bc nh nhc ph ln mt mn sng trng v ton b bc nh khng c rc r trong nh sng nh quangcnh khi bn ngm chp. Hin tng ny gy ra bi hiu ng le sng v m. Hy n hiu ngny (le sng v bng m) trong khi chp nh ngc sng. Bn c th gim thiu c tnh trng nybng cch ngn chn khng cc tia nng chiu trc tip vo ng knh ca bn. Bn c th che chnchung quanh mt ng knh bng tay ca bn hay bng mt vt g khc tng t nhm khng nhnng chiu chm n mt knh. Ch rng hiu ng le sng v m vn c th xy ra ngay c khingun nh sng khng xut hin trn nh, v vy hy ch n v tr ng ca bn so vi ngun sng

K thut chp nh phi sng

(TG@) - Thut ng phi sng (exposure) ch cm bin bt sng c phi ra ly hnhnh ca mt khung cnh. Tuy nhin, thu c mt bc nh t cm bin thng qua c chphi sng, cn cn phi c thm c ng knh, thn my.

C n 3 yu t nh hng ti phi sng, hay ni cch khc l nh hng ti nh sng to nn bcnh, l tc ca trp (shutter speed), m ng knh (aperture) v nhy sng (ISO). Trong qu trnh nh sng tip xc vi vt liu nhy sng nh phim, giy nh hoc mt cm bin trong my

nh k thut s s quyt nh c mt tm nh. Qu trnh phi sng ph thuc vo 2 gi tr l thigian trp v khu ca ng knh. Thi gian trp (hay c gi l tc chp) l khong thi gianm mn chp ca my nh m cho nh sng i vo mt vt liu nhy sng. Khu l kch thc thai ca mn chn trong ng knh, iu chnh lng nh sng i qua vo mt vt liu nhy sng.


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Vi tc phi sng khc nhau, s cho ra nhng bc nh th hin chuyn ng khc nhau

Thi gian trpTc ca trp quy nh thi gian m cm bin c l ra bt hnh nh. Trong hu ht cc trnghp, tc ny c tnh bng nhng phn nh ca 1 giy. nh sng ca mt khung cnh cng ti ththi gian cm bin cn thu lng nh sng cng di to thnh c mt bc nh p. i vnhng cnh chp m, tc ca trp c th ko di ti hng giy hoc hng pht. Vi tc khcnhau, ngi chp c th th hin c nhng chuyn ng khc nhau. V d, khi chp mt ln ncchy t nhin, tc 1/30 giy l ph hp, nhng ch cn y ln tc 1/500 giy, chuyn ng cln nc s b ng bng vi tng ht nc r nt thay v mt ln nc m m. Tc ca trp cavn rt c a thch trong chp th thao bi n c th tm dng bt k i tng ang chuynng no nh th i tng ang ng im.

m ng knh m quy nh rng ca mng chn sng bn trong ng knh. Mng chn sng ny tng t nhcon ngi ca mt ngi, c lm bng nhng l thp xp lp vi nhau to thnh mt vng trn cl, c kh nng iu chnh to nh cho php nh sng i qua nhiu hay t. m cng to (l trncng to), nh sng ri vo cm bin cng nhiu v ngc li. Khi chp mt khung cnh, s c mtlng nh sng va nht nh to nn tnh hon ho ca bc nh.V vy, nu m ng knh m cng ln (nh sng vo nhiu hn) th tc ca trp phi cngnhanh cn bng lng nh sng vo cm bin. Ngc li, nu tc ca trp cng chm (thi gian cho nh sng vo cm bin lu hn) th m cng phi hp li lun duy tr mt lng nh snva . Nn nh mt iu l m ln c biu th bng con s nh, cn m nh li c biuth bng con s ln. V d m ln nht s c ghi l f/2 hoc f/2,8, trong khi m nh hn s lf/8, f/11. Ngoi vic iu chnh lng nh sng i qua ng knh, m cn nh hng n sutrng nh (depth of field) hay khong nt. m cng nh (f/16 chng hn) khong nt cng ln (tc mi th trong nh, tin cnh hay hu cnh u r nt) v ngc li.


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Ba yu t nh hng ti phi sng nhy sng nhy phim cng c tc ng ti lng nh sng vo cm bin. nhy cng cao, nh sng cmbin thu c cng nhiu. Do vy, khi mt khung cnh sng vi mt mc ISO, m v tc nht nh, nu bn tng ISO, th cn bng lng sng, bn phi hoc thu hp m, hoc tng tc ca trp. Thng thng ISO mc 50 hoc 100 s cho nh p nht. ISO tng cng cao s khinnh cng b ht. Hin cc my nh s cho php chnh ISO ln ti 6.400 nhng nhy ny nh gnnh s mt chi tit do qu ht v nhiu, thng ch dng trong nhng trng hp rt hn hu.iu chnh phi sngTt c cc my nh s t dng ngm-chp ti DSLR u c cc ch t ng iu chnh phi

sng thch hp (Auto, Program) cho hu ht mi iu kin chp nh. Trong mt s cc trng hp bit (chp m, chp tuyt, pho hoa, con tr...), my nh i mi cng thit lp sn cho ngidng thng qua ch mc nh (Scene mode) nn ni chung, ngi chp ngy nay c th khng cnqu quan tm n cc thng s m, tc m vn c th chp c nhng bc nh p. Nhngngi bit hn mt cht c th tip tc ty chnh qua cc ch bn t ng nh u tin m (Av,A) hay u tin tc ca trp (Tv, S), ch m my s t iu chnh thng s nh hng ti phisng tng ng theo iu chnh ca ngi chp.Thc t l ch t ng, khi chp m my nh s cn c ch yu vo tc ca trp thay v ccyu t tc ng n s phi sng khc. Vn ch, hu ht my nh u tnh ton khng ng thigian cn thit m tc ca trp cn c thu c nh sng to nn mt bc nh c gi l p. L

do chnh l cm bin o sng my nh hot ng v m (nh sng rt yu) khng c chnh xc vhiu qu nh ban ngy. V th, nhng bc nh chp m bng ch t ng phn ln l thiu sng.

B cc trong nhip nh

(TG@O) - Ai trong chng ta cng u thch ci p v hn th na chng ta u mun mnh to ra ci p.V mt tc phm ng , mt tc phm p l c mun khng ch ca cc nhip nh gia m ca mi ngikhi cm my nh chp nh.


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tr thnh mt nhip nh gia vi cc bc nh i qu l kh, nhng c c nhng bc nhp th cng khng kh lm nu ta nm c cc nguyn tc nhip nh c bn nht.

Xin gii thiu vi cc bn b cc c bn trong nhip nh. Cc nhip nh gia, nh bo... trc khi cnhng tm nh p, i th chc chn trong u h ci b c ny nm sn t lc no.Mi bc bn xem tm hnh sau:


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Quan st hnh trn ta thy:Hai dng k dc v ngang chia hnh thnh 3 phn bng nhau v gp nhau ti 4 im.Trong nhip nh ta gi 4 ng l 4 ng mnh v 4 im l 4 im mnh. Hai ng nmngang cn gi l hai ng chn tri.Trong khi chp hnh ngi chp phi c gng a ch cn chp vo gn hoc trng cc ng

mnh, im mnh trn.y l b cc cn bn nht, bt c ngi chp nh no cng cn phi ghi nh trong u mi khinhn, ngm chp u li ra p dng.V d nhin l trong c hi ha, in nh, kin trc th y cng l b cc c bn nht.v d:


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Ngoi ra ta cn gi hai ng ngang l hai ng chn tri. Khi chp nh phong cnh c ng chntri th ta t ng chn tri nm gn hoc ngay ti hai ng trn ty th hin ca ta.V d: Khi mun th hin s bao la ca bu tri, th ta chn ng di l ng chn tri.


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6 yu t cn bn trong b cc nh

(TG@O) - Trong b cc nh, c 6 chun mc bn da vo, nhng cc tm nh c hn, thu ht v trnnhm chn rt cn ti s vn dng linh hot.


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B cc nh so snh kch thc (to nh vi t)C hi ho v nhip nh u l ngh thut truyn ti thng tin th gic v chu s chi phi ca nhngnguyn l cn bn v cm nhn thc th bng nh sng. Nhng nu hi ho l ngh thut tng hp thnhip nh l k thut phn tch. Khi v tranh, ho s a dn vo khung toan trng nhng nt c to ra ni dung v b cc ca n. Nhng trong nhip nh, ngi ta lm cng vic ngc liVi bi cnh thc c sn ni dung v b cc, tay my phi thay i gc nhn, s dng ng knh wide

hay tele, xoay tr khun hnh chn lc nhng yu t xy dng ln bc nh. Tuy nhin, d l thmvo hay bt i cc mng khi trong khun hnh, c hi ho v nhip nh u hng ti cch xp thiu qu nht th hin ni dung cc tc phm. Trong kt qu cui cng, mc no , c tranhv v nh chp u c nh gi bi mt chun mc v b cc.Khi nh gi mt bc nh, ngi ta xem xt n trn nhng yu t cn bn v ni dung, mu sc, trnthi v hiu ng quang hc. Nu b cc c nhn mnh trong khi cc yu t khc b kho m, bnthn n c th l ch ca nhip nh.Hu ht cc yu t cn bn ny gip truyn ti thng tin th gic nh im v ng nt, hnh dng,mu sc, cht liu b mt v tng phn u lin quan n b cc bc nh. Ngi chp nh datrn nhng nguyn tc ny pht trin k nng sp xp cc i tng trong khun hnh.

Tit tu to bi hiu ng quang hc

1 - Tm ra tit tu hay m thc xp t trong bi cnh l k thut rt ra logic v v tr, s xp t cc vt th trong khun hnh, chn c gc t my tnht phn nh tit tt v m thc trn cc vt th. K thut ny rt ph dng i vi nh kin trc,giao thng, dy chuyn sn xut Vic pht hin logic xp t trong mt bi cnh ln ph thuc rtnhiu vo kh nng quan st v xu chui ca tay my. Tuy nhin, vic lm dng tit tu, thiu suy


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ngm v phn tch s dn n nhng bc nh dp khun nhm chn. Vic p dng hiu qu b ccny phi i lin vi cc hiu ng nh sng, to bng v gc t my khc thng.V d, mt hng ct trn u tm tp v sng r trong nng tra s khng th p bng bc nh chnng trong nh sng xin thp hi lch phng ng knh. Nh nng tt ngang, bng ct s di tomt hng ct na nm di t, thn ca chng s c v trn ln v hiu ng chuyn sng ti.Nu t my tht thp di chn hng ct vi ng knh gc rng, u ca chng s s chm vo nhau

v lao vt ln tri, rt th v. Nhiu khi cc tit tu li xut hin cng hiu ng quang hc v ch tcng vo ng knh mt gc nhn nht nh, vn l phi tm ti v sng to.

Phn nh chiu su khng gian2 -Th hin c kch c vt th hoc khong cchK thut ny gip ngi xem nh hnh dung kch thc ca vt th trong khun hnh. S dng ttphp so snh chnh lch v kch thc c th nu bt c ln ca i tng trong bc nh.V d, nu mun minh ho ln ca mt con voi nn t ch so b nh ht go trn lng n. Ngli, khi chp macro mt bng hoa nh, ngi ta nhn mnh mc phng i ca bc nh bng mt ch

kin vng ln nh con ong cha. Vt th lm mu so snh nn thuc loi hnh nh quen thuc, d hndung kch thc nh con ngi, t, que dim, ci bt C th d dng nhn thy hiu qu ca thphp so snh khi xem nhng thc phim hot hnh kinh in v ngi khng l, t hon. Tay my khing trc bi cnh honh trng hay vt th qu ln, anh ta d b ngp ti mc qun mt l cn mtvt th so snh. Kt qu l bc nh s cn cm xc m anh ta tri nghim, mi th s ch ging nhcnh trn bn hay nhng mn chi ca tr con.

im nhn mu


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3 - To sc ht cho im nhn ca bc nhVng trng tm hay im nhn ca bc nh c th hin bng k thut to tng phn, hayng dn hng. Theo nguyn l th gic th im tng phn nht trong khun hnh s thu ht thgic, vng xm s nng v ht mt hn khong n*** trng. Mt khc, nh mt ngi xem cng s dichuyn theo hng chiu ca tia sng trong khun hnh, tc l i t ch nht nht n ch m nht.Nhng ng cong, nt cho kt thc ti im nhn s dn nh mt ngi xem n . Tuy nhin,

chng cng c th gy hu qu phn tn v kh hiu nu ch lch hng ti ch chnh.Trong b cc c in, im mnh ca bc nh thng c t to giao nhau ca ng 1/3 dcv 1/3 ngang bc nh (gn 4 gc khun hnh). Cch sp xp ny c bit ph hp vi c phim 35 mmNhip nh hin i khng b l thuc vo nhng cng thc c in. Thm ch, nhng tay my cch tcn c tnh t ch vo nhng v tr oi om v iu li gy s ch v n tng v bc nh.Thc ra, nhng tay my ny phi rt hiu v T L Vng c th lm iu ngc li v to nn hiuqu th v. Gi tr cao nht m nhip nh hin i nhm ti khng hon ton l ci p, m l cm xv n tng.

B cc ng dn4 - c tnh v cn bng v trng thiS cn bng trong bc nh s quyt nh trng thi tnh hoc ng ca n. Nu th php s dngng chn tri nm ngang chnh gia bc nh nhm to nn cm xc tnh lng, th khi t nghing,a ln cao hay h xung thp s cho hiu qu ng. Bc nh nhiu tri t t th to cm xc nhnhm thanh cao. Cn khi o t l ny, nhng hiu qu s ngc li. Mt ngi xem c mt c tnhl b thu ht theo hng chuyn ng ca ch . Do vy, trong b cc c in cc chuyn ng phihng vo trong bc nh. Nhng cc nhip nh gia hin i li khng mun ngi xem thy ngay mth, h i hi s quan st v suy ngm v thng ip ca bc nh, nn h c th khng tun th quytc ny.S cn bng cng b chi phi bi mu sc, mt chm vng ti bn phi s nng bng c mt mngnht trng. Cch ly mt din tch nh c sc ht mnh to ra s cn bng vi mt mng ln nhnhm hn s to ra trng thi cn bng ng - mt b cc kh ph bin trong nhip nh.5 - Chm vo tn raVic s dng hnh trn hay nhng ng cong kn to nn sc ht kh mnh v gy hiu ng hp nh- phng php th hin tt nhng hin thc n l nh bng hoa, mng nhn Khi c s dng hl, b cc ny s hng s ch vo gia tm ca n. Mc tiu hp nht vo im mnh cn c thc thc hin bi nhiu ng dn hng ti i tng chnh (v d: nt giao thng). Khng cn


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phi l nhng nt dn thc th, nh mt tp trung ca cc sinh vt trong khun hnh cng s nhhng s quan st ca ngi xem nh.Th php b cc phn tn thng c dng din gii nhng ni dung tru tng nh: gin di,lm ng, a dng, hn lon i lin vi k thut ny l ng knh gc rng, bao qut nhiu cm itng mnh tng ng. V d, bc hnh chp t trn xung mt trung tm giao dch chng khon,hay mt ci ch ngoi tri ng c.

Tn dng nt ln ch S6 - Phn nh chiu su khng gianL mt th php rt hiu qu khc ph bn cht phng dt ca bc nh. Mt b cc kho lo c thlm khun hnh tr nn su ht, cng c th khin ch ni bt hnh khi trn mt bi cnh mnho. Nhiu khi mt bc nh nt sut t cn cnh ti v c khng to cm gic su bng bc macront cn, chnh phn vt th b m li to cm gic v hnh khi v chiu su khng gian. Mt bc nhb cc tt c th bao gm nhiu ln khng gian vi cc tone mu v cng chiu sng khc nhau.K thut ph bin l s dng cn cnh lm khun hnh, nhng nu khng tm c nhng mu khung

c bit th v th bc nh kh m thot ra khi s nhm chn.Nhng nguyn tc b cc c in (T L Vng):- ng chn tri 1/3 hoc 2/3 chiu cao bc nh.- Mi khun hnh ch c mt im mnh, im ny khng t gia nh m phi to 1/3 rng x1/3 cao.- Hng nh mt ngi xem t ngoi vo trong bc nh.- Tn dng nt ln ch S nu c trong bi cnh.

Cc "chiu" b cc nh n tng

TTO - S sng to khi cm my khin cc nhip nh gia tm c nhng gc nhn khc l t cnh vt, con

ngi bnh thng.

Nhng cch b cc di y khng phi l nguyn tc m l s thu lm ca ngi ngh s, c th gip bn p dng khgp cc tnh hung tng t.

Ha tit - s lp li

Hnh mu, ha tit hay cc vt c by la lit chnh l ngun cm hng bt tn sng tc. Ph nhy s thy iuny khi n thm lng lm nn, gm hay lm hng, hoc rt nhiu th khc trong i sng thc.


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nh: Actionlovr.

V d, cnh trong bc nh trn ch l mt ta nh nhng gc nhn hng ln kh l mang li s lin tc theo chiu dc vcho ca cc ca trn nn gch tuyt p, cng vi nhng gng mt ca ngi dn cho thy mt cuc sng tnhin, khng h sp t y.

Hnh hc

Cc bc nh da trn mt s nguyn tc hnh hc ty tng trng hp s b hoc p dng. Nu c b cc chc chn,vic p dng nguyn tc hnh hc s lm bc nh c n tng k l.

nh: Straightfinder

Bc nh ny dng con ng chy di chia i khung cnh, to s ng i nhng vn mang li cm gic v chisu v vn ti ng chn tri rng bao la.


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Phn chiu b mt

nh: Grant McDonald.

Hnh nh ch l hai chiu nhng nu p dng s phn chiu nh sng ln b mt, ngi ta c th lm nn nhng bc nsng ng, gn nh ba chiu.

S kt hp vi nh sng t nhin lm cho i tng trong bc nh ny ni r hn ln. Hai cnh phi c chiu sngnh lm nn mt chiu cao th ba r nt, bn cnh chiu di v chiu rng.

su trng nh

Cch ny hay gp hn i vi nhng ngi chp nh DSLR bi vic ly nt theo im rt d dng to ra hiu ng m hcnh v lm ni bt ch th. Thm ch mt s my du lch r tin (di 3 triu ng) khi chp gn cng lm c, ch cnngi dng bit cch ly nt.


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nh: Orangeacid

i giy trn nn c xanh c lm ni bt to cm gic th mng hn nu nh vn ly r hu cnh.

Kt hp cc ng nt ngang, thng, cho, vng

Khi c kt hp kho lo, c ch , cc ng nt s lm nn n tng rt tuyt cho bc nh. S ng i gia ngthng vi nt ln cong, cc ng cho an xen hoc ta hnh l c u c th to nn v l k.

nh: Stevacek

S kt hp gia nh sng v ng cong khin bc nh ny c v ep l, huyn o nh xi-n.

K thut lia my cho bc nh gy "chong"


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TTO - Ch th chuyn ng ca tm hnh hin r ln trn hu cnh c lm m chnh l kt qu ca k thut liamy m gii nhip nh quen gi l panning.

K thut ny thng c p dng i vi cc ch th ang chuyn ng nhanh trn ng ph, cnh ng Ngichp s phi lia my theo chiu chuyn ng ca nhn vt vi tc gn nh tng ng nm c ch th mtcch r nt.

Ch ch chy rt nhanh trn cnh ng c chp bng kthut panning. Ngun: Digital-photography-school.

Khng qu kh cc ph nhy lm nn nhng khonh khc n tng bng k thut panning nhng h phi tp luyn kchm ch.

1. Chn tc ng mn trp thp hn mt cht so vi bnh thng

C th bt u vi tc 1/30 giy v th tay ngh vi nhng ch th chuyn ng chm trc. Ty vo iu kin nhsng v tc ca ch th, bn s thay i tc mn trp gia 1/60 v 1/8 giy. Tc ng mn trp cng chm thbn cng d lm rung my v khin chuyn ng trong bc nh b nhe.

2. Tm v tr thch hp

Hy chn mt v tr m gc nhn ca bn khng b vng bi ngi hay vt chy qua i tng. Cng ch chn hu ck. Mc d hu cnh s b m nhng mu sc v cc thnh phn trong cng s nh hng n khng kh ca bc nHu cnh ng mu v n gin cng tt.

3. Nm bt i tng

Khi ch th ang chuyn ng, hy bm my v lia my theo mt cch m i. Nu cha tho, bn c th dng chn bachc c bit h tr. Loi ny c mt c ch xoay c bn lia my m khng b rung.

Chuyn ng song song vi nhn vt ny t va h s mang li bc nh n tng hn l chp ngay lp tc.


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4. Chuyn ng song song vi ch th

Tt nht l nn tp luyn vi k thut ny. c kt qu tt nht, hy chuyn ng theo hng song song vi chiuchuyn ng ca i tng bt c trng nt.

5. Ly nt

Nu khng, c th dng my nh ly nt t ng. Ch cn n nt chp na chng, my nh s t ng ly nt v ty thuvo tc , bn s bn trng hay khng.

Nu my nh khng nhanh ly nt t ng, bn s ly nt trc cho camera vo im m bn s h ca trp.

Khi h ca trp (nh nhng chng rung my), hy tip tc qut my theo chiu chuyn ng ca ch th, ngay c khibn nghe my bo hiu chp xong. Vic ny s lm cho vic lm nhe hu cnh din ra rt mt t u n cui,khng b hng.

Mt iu cn lu l bn cn phi kin nhn khi thc hnh panning. Hy tm n cc s kin nh ua xe hoc tip cnng cao tc. , ng s vng v c xe i vi tc cao, mang n iu kin thun li cho cc tay my mi btu.

chp c nh cn cnh tuyt p

(Dn tr)- Nhip nh gia ni ting thi chin Robert Capa tng ni: Nu

nh ca bn khng c p c ngha bn cha ng gn. Cu ni ny

dnh cho kiu nh macro (cn cnh). Ngy nay,my nh compact du lch c

th chp rt gn i tng, thm ch l ch cch 1cm.

Chng ta vn bit hoa l, cn trng, ng vt l nhng i tngl tng chp nh macro. Tuy nhin, nhng vt dng gn gihng ngy vi chng ta, nh ci ko hay tch caf cng cho tanhng bc nh cn cnh tuyt p. Mt s my nh du lch (point-and-shoot) cho php chp nh macro v nh vo s tinh t ca tay

my chng ta s vn c th c c nhng tm nh cn cnh p khng km cc my nh chuynnghip.

Nghe c v rt d chp nh cn cnh nhng c mt s yu t c th lm hng bc hnh ca bn. Sauy l nhng th thut gip bn chp c nhng tm nh p ch Macro.

1. Kim tra tiu c (focus)

C my nh cho chp Macro vi khong cch 1cm

nh chp cn cnh c xem l p khi n p ng c sc nt v y chi tit ca tng yu
http://www.vatgia.com/319/may-anh-so.htmlhttp://www.vatgia.com/319/may-anh-so.htmlhttp://www.vatgia.com/319/may-anh-so.html


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t trong tm nh. V th, bn nn kim tra hng dn s dng ca my nh cn ly khong cchtiu c ti thiu ca ng knh ch Macro. Mt s my nh point-and-shoot s pht sng n trnmn hnh LCD bo cho ngi dng bit my khng th ly c tiu c ca i tng chp vqu gn.

Tuy nhin, lc chp xong nh, khi xem li nh ch Playback, bn nn zoom vo kim tra

khu vc m bn mun ly nt c y chi tit, c sng r khng.2. Nn th

Gi thi s khin cnh hoa rung rinh lm cho nh b m

Chp nh trong iu kin mi trng c th kim sot c, nh studio hay trong phng, th bnkhng phi lo ngh nhng nu chp ngoi tri, vi cy l cnh hay l ong bm th ch cn mtln gi thi cng c th ph hng c bc nh chp macro ca bn. V th, hn ch ti a s phbnh ny, bn nn nn th khng lm lay ng nhng vt th b xu ang trong tm ngm cang knh.

Tuy nhin, bn khng th no ly tay che c bu tri, th nn, trnh b gi thi th bn nn tchic ti hay nh bn b chn h hng gi m bo s tnh lng trong khi tc nghip.

3. n flash

n flash s h tr my nh khi thi tit khng nh mong mun

i khi thi tit khng chiu lng con ngi, lc th tri nng chang chang, lc th my en ko nng lc bn gi my ln chp. V th, lc ny bn ch cn cch bt n flash tch hp.

Sau khi chp nh xong, bn c th khc phc cht lng nh bng cch b sng trng nhmt m hn.

Cn nu khng, hy ch n lc tri trong xanh tr li tc nghip v nh nng mt tri lun cho


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nh p nht.

4. Sp xp gn gng khng gian xung quanh

Thu gn khng gian my nh khng b lch tiu c

Bn nn c gng dn dp gn hng khng gian khung quanh v c th chnh chng s khin my nhkhng ly c nt nh mong mun.

Mt ngi thng b cun ht bi cc mu sc bt mt v th bn nn thay i gp chp hoc dichuyn cc vt th xung quanh nh chp ca bn c gn gng hn.

5. ISO thp v dng chn tripod

Chn gi my khng b rung

Ngoi vic gim ti a s can thip ca cc vt th khc th bn cng nn gim s tc ng cachnh my nh lm xu tc phm ca mnh.

Bn nn t ch nhy sng ISO thp nht v tt hn na l dng chn tripod gi my khichp. V, trnh rung tay th chp nh ch hn gi.

chp nh tht p trong nh sng ti


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(Dn tr) - Sinh nht bn gi, bn mun chp mt tm nh thi nn lung linh

trong bng ti nhng tc phm tht t hi. Cu tr li tht n gin, bi

chp nh trong nh v thiu nh sng khng n gin ch l point and

shoot. Vi mo hay sau y s gip bn.

Trnh dng n Flash khi c th

Dng n flash c v nh l gii php l tng ca hu ht ngidng khi cn chp nh trong iu kin nh sng ti. Tuy nhin, nhflash c nhiu im yu ring. n flash va ph m khonh

khc trng i ca nhn vt chnh lc va lm bin dng mu sc v lm thay i tng mu nnca bc hnh. Rc ri ny chc chn xy ra vi nhng n flash r tin tch hp trong cc dng mynh s compact hin nay.

nh chp trong nh sng ti khng dng n flash cng kh p

Vy lc ny cn thay th bng chc nng no?

C l tt nht lc ny l nn ci t ISO ca my ch nhy sng - light sensitivity. Vi mynh dng phim nha truyn thng c nhy sng cao (ISO 800 tr ln) ph hp vi iu kin nhsng ti nh th ny. Phim nhy sng cao c th chp nh trong iu kin nh sng yu v nhchuyn ng nhanh nhng nh s c ht ln. Ch ny c th to hiu ng ngh thut. Tuynhin, ch ISO cao trn my nh s s to nhiu (noise) mu c i cht m xanh phntn trn nh.

Hu ht cc my nh point and shoot, thm ch c nhng my c chc nng chnh bng tay, ucho nh rt xu khi chp vi nhy sng trn 400 ISO. V th, bn nn gim ISO nhng nh th cngha l bn phi chp nhn tc phi sng hi lu.

Xa s nh b m


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phi sng di i khi cho cc hiu ng rt p

phi sng di s khin cho tm nh chp b m cho d i tng chp c di chuyn hay khng.Vi th thut sau y s gip bn loi b c nhng bc nh b m.

- Hy bt u bng khu - m ng knh (aperture) ln nht m camera cho php. S dng ch

u tin aperture nu my nh ca bn c chc nng ny v t mc f/1.8 hoc thp nht c th.Khu ln cho php chng ta chp nh mi trng thiu nh sng nhng vn m bo sngcho bc nh v khng cn phi bt flash hay kch ISO ln cao.

- Nu c ng zoom th zoom nh nh n mc c th. Lc , nh sng s thu c nhiu hn vcm bin v thi gian phi sng s gim xung.

- Nu thi gian phi sng vn di v bn s chp nh b rung th nn dng gi ba chn.

- trnh rung tay khi chp th bn nn dng chc nng chp hn gi. Hu ht cc my nh chpnh hn gi trong 2 giy cho cht lng kh tt, c bit khi phi ch phi sng di.

Cn bng trng

Mt kh khn na khi chp trong cc trng hp c iu kin nh sng ti l NH SNG. Cc nhn neon trn cc di ph s khin cho nh chp c tng mu vng hoc xanh.

Lc ny, bn nn chnh li ch cn bng trng (white balance) cho my nh. Bn nn chn ccch c sn trong my tm ra cn bng trng ph hp to cc tng mu trung tnh. Nu ccty chn c thit lp sn khng va bn th bn phi t chnh cn bng trng bng tay v phi s


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dng phn mm chnh sa nh, nh Photoshop, h tr.

Gim nhiu (noise) nh

nh chp trong bng ti c gim noise.

Ch ISO cao thng khin cho nh chp b noise. C nhiu cch trnh rc ri ny. Phn mmPhotoshop c th lc c nhiu ca nh, lm mt cc im nh. Phn mm chuyn dng dit noise, nh Noise Ninja, c th loi b hon ton nhiu ny, tng cht lng nh chp ng km khng lm m nh hay nh hng n cc hiu ng khc.

Ba nguyn tc chp nh tr em

(Th gii @) - c mt bc hnh p cho b yu t chnh tay cc b m lun l nim vui, bi mi khonhkhc bn b l mt khonh khc hnh phc. Th nhng khng phi ai cng c th c c nhng bc nhng yu do chnh mnh chp c.


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1. Khng nn flashCng sut v nh sng n flash rt mnh so vi i mt tr th. Nu nh chng ta s dng flash

hng thng vo mt b trong c ly di 3m, mt b rt kh chu. Nu s dng flash ri, hy hng ln trn nh hoc dng chm ta sng. Nu nh s dng my t ng (P&S), chng ta hychnh sang ch chp ban m trong iu kin thiu sng v nh tt flash. Nu nh my chp hnhca mnh chnh c ISO ( nhy sng), hy ISO mc trn 800 ASA v m khu ng knhln nht c th.2. Ch chpNn ch chp th thao hoc nhanh, v do b lun c ng v khng yn nn khi chp ch th thao (Tv Canon, S Nikon), chng ta s bt c cc khonh khc ng yu nht m hnhkhng b nhe.3. Chp thun sng

khun mt b i din vi ngun sng. iu ny s gip b c c khun mt ti v khng bti mt, nu nh ta ngc chiu sng.

28 bi tp nhip nh c bn

(TG@O) - y l mt b 28 bi tp c bn, gip cc bn mi cm my lm quen vi lnh vc nhip nh vmy nh ca mnh.


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Bt ly hnh nh ca tia st

Nu t nhn thy mnh l ngui va t chn vo th gii nhip nh, bn ng khi u bng cchmua ngay nhng ng knh dng cao cp, t tin. Bn nn luyn tp nhng bi tp dui y trc.1. Th nghim vi kit lens ( ng knh zoom thng i cng vi my nh ). ng knh ny s lm bnkinh ngc v kh nng ca n.2. Chp nh mi tiu c, khu v tc .3. Th chp nh cng mt i tng vi nhiu thit t ISO khc nhau. Xem cch khu , tc thay i khi thit t cc mc ISO khc nhau.4. Khm ph mi tng quan gia cc bin s lit k #2 v #3. Hc "phi sng" mt bc nh vinhiu cch khc nhau qua vic thay i bin s ny ri ti bin s kia (Khu , tc , ISO ).5. ng b qua cc "ch " chp nh c lp trnh sn trn my ca bn, hy dng qua n.

6. Chp nh "thiu sng" hay "tha sng" mt cch c ch , to nn ci cm xc m bn muntruyn ti ti ngui xem nh.7. Th nghim vi Bokeh v dng n nh mt phng cch sng to.8. t ng knh ca bn mt mc tiu c v chp nh tiu c trong sut ngy. Luyn tp zoombng chn9. Dnh trn ngy chp nh vi ng knh t ch ly nt manual. Hc cch ly nt m khng phda dm vo tnh nng ly nt t ng ca my.10. Chp nh tc thp ( cm tay v t trn gi ba chn ). Nhn bit tc no th bn khngcn cm my vng chp mt bc nh khng b rung. To cm gic chuyn ng trong mt bcnh m bn mun treo. Lm chm dng chy ca thc cho n khi nc nhn ging nh di sng

khi ang chuyn ng.11. Chp mt s nh tc cao. "Bt ng" hnh ng gia khng trung.12. my ch Bulb. ng xt ca sao khi di chuyn, nh n xe tri di, nh bng ma, vpho bng thy u l c hi tuyt vi cho bn to ra bc nh m bn s hnh din khi chia s cngbn b.13. Bt ly hnh nh ca tia st.14. Chp nh mt trng. Khng phi nh cn cnh ca mt trng m mt nh phong cnh c trngtrong .


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15. Tp k thut Panning. Xe c chuyn ng nhanh hay vn ng vin trong mt s kin th thao lnhng i tng tuyt vi bn luyn tp k thut ny.16. Chp nh git nc, n khi bn c c mt tm lm bn cm thy mun in ra.17. Chp nh chn dung ca bn b.18. Chp nh i thng ca bn b.19. Xin php 10 ngi l cho bn chp nh ca h.

20. Chn dung t chp. Tm mt tm kh d lm bn mun cho ngui khc xem.21. Th chp cn cnh mt s th, bn c th khng c c tm nh macro thc s, nhng bn sngc nhin vi kt qu m kit lens mang li.22. Xung ph vo bui m v chp mt s nh khng flash. Tp cch dng nh sng sn c.23. Tp cch dng n cc trn my. Th dng giy lc c f / giy mng lm du nh sng gt cflash hay mt danh thip c hiu ng nh sng di.24. Chp hnh vo bui tra. Nghin cu vic cc bng c th to ra cc trng thi, cm xc thno cho nh.25. Lm ai bt ci vi mt nh do bn chp.26. Lm ai dng li v suy gm, vi mt nh do bn chp.

27. Luyn tp s dng phn mm x l hu k ca nh. y chnh l phng ti ca bn.28. In cc gi bn trn ra v nh du cc mc bn cha thc hnh ch vi ng knh kit lens. Hythc hnh cc mc bn nh du.

14 bi nng cao k nng nhip nh

(TG@O) - 14 k thut v lu sau s gip bn nng cao k nng chp nh nh ly nt, kim tra hu cnh,thay i gc nhn, quy tc 1/3...

Ly nt ti i mt


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1. Lp y khun hnh: Khi bn chp mt tm hnh thng thng bn mun m t mt th g , vvy ch th chnh cn phi ni bt so vi nhng g cn li ca tm hnh.y cng l l do ti sao bn c th b sung thm nh hng vi tm hnh ca bn, song hy choch th chnh chim gi mt v tr quan trng trong khun hnh.Lp y khun hnh c th thc hin bng cch hoc zoom vo hoc tin n gn ch th hn hoc, tnhin, bng vic kt hp c hai cch trn.

2. Kim tra hu cnh: Trc khi bm my cn kim tra hu cnh bng cch xem li mn hnh xem cnhng thnh phn khng mong mun xut hin trong khun hnh hay khng. Dy chuyn sang xungquanh cho n khi bn tm c mt v tr m nhng thnh phn khng mong mun khng cn xuthin trong khun hnh.3. Kim tra li mu: Nu bn chp nh chn dung hy kim tra li mu xem c nhng thnh phnkhng mong mun, c th hi tn cng mt cht, chng hn nh qun o khng phng phiu hoc bibn, tc xa xung mt...4. Ly nt ti i mt: iu ny ch p dng vi nh chn dung, nhng thng th bn vn mun imt c nt, v th hy tp trung vo i mt.5. Kim tra nhng li cp hnh: Nu bn khng mun a tt c mu vo trong cng khun hnh, hy

chc chn rng bn chn la mt cch thng minh ni cn ct cp anh/ch no . ng ct mtcc ngn tay, mt phn u, hoc mt cht ca khy tay... y l nhng im khng tt v thng gra hiu lm.6. Chp ng my: Phn ln nhng bn mi cm my thng c thi quen hay chp ngang my, mch dn nh: nu bn c th chp c ng my v ngang my th sau ny bn s c c hi tt lachn tm hnh m bn ng hn.7. Thay i gc nhn: ng dng li tip cn ca khch du lch trong nhip nh v chp bt c th gm bn bt gp, th tm cch nhn s vt vi mt gc nhn thp hn (nm trn mt t) hoc t mtgc nhn cao hn (tro ln trn mt chic gh hoc mt th g chng hn). nh ca bn s n tnhn n gin v ngi xem s nhn s vt t mt gc nhn khc l.

8. Lm quen vi quy tc 1/3: C th y l mt iu ABC ca nhip nh. Nu bn cha tng nghe nn th y l thi im tt bn thc hnh. Hy lm quen vi quy tc 1/3.9. Chp nhiu: iu ny c th s thay i v sau ny khi m bn mun chp t i, nhng khi mi bu th hy chp tht nhiu, y l iu th v ca my k thut s. Sau , hy xem li nh ca bnxem ci no bn thch v ti sao.10. Tham gia vo cng ng nhng ngi nhip nh: Bn s phi kinh ngc l bn hc thm cnhiu n mc no khi c nhng g m mi ngi vit v cc bc nh ca bn. Tham gia vo mtcng ng nhng ngi nhip nh trn mng v hy tr nn tch cc, gi nh ca bn c c nhxt, ph bnh ca ngi khc v nhn xt nh ca ngi khc ngay c khi nh ca h tt hn ca bniu ny s gip bn hc cch nhn nh bng con mt khc.

11. Hc t ngi khc: Phn ln cc nh nhip nh u bt u bng cch "bt chc" theo mt ai ngi truyn cm hng cho h. Nu bn xem mt bc nh m n lm cho bn phi tht ln "thttuyt" th hy dnh cht thi gian nghin cu n xem ti sao n li to ra n tng nh vy i vbn? Do b cc, mu sc hay nh sng...12. Hc t chnh bn: Hc t nhng sai lm ca bn, chp... chp... chp, v hy nh xem iu gthnh cng v iu g khng thnh cng nhng ln chp khc trong cng mt hon cnh tng t.13. Ch trng ra nhng tm hnh tt nht: Nu bn nh m mt gallery trng by nh ca bn, htrng nhng g tt nht m khng nn trng ra tt c nhng g bn c. Gi nhng phn cn li choring bn hoc n nhng forum ni bn c th a chng ra tranh th kin ca ngi khc.


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14. Vui v: Ti ngh iu quan trng nht trong tt c, l thoi mi, tn hng nim vui.

Chng mc my nh

(TG@) - Anh bn ti cc ca cc cm dnh 2 nm, vay thm ngn hng 20 triu ng mua mt b my

chp hnh dng trung bnh, c 2 ng knh ri. Th nhng ch trong vng 6 thng, chic my v ng knh anhbng nhin xung cp trm trng v... mc, cn bnh thng gp ca nhng c my t tin v kh chu ny

Lens b mc do bo qun khng cn thn

Do thi titC n khong gia ma h u ma thu l cc ca hng sa cha my chp nh s c lng khchhng tng t bin vi th bnh, m cn bnh mc ng knh v my chp nh ph bin nht.

n tri t trong t chng mAnh Ngc Thun, mt k thut vin ca Chung Minh Camera, cho bit: nhng chic my nhKTS, do c nhiu b phn c lm bng in t nn rt d chm mch khi s dng my nhng nc gn hi nc, hoc i ma lm t my!. Do nhiu ngi khi s dng my trong ma ma khi v


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nh khng a my vo h thng si nhit, vy l my b bnh ngay. Khi hi nc lan vo mchin t, vic chp mch s gy h hng trn din rng khi c lung in i ngang, iu ny khng cha chic my n bnh vin m cn bin chic my thn yu ca bn thnh b su tp trng bytrong t knh. i khi hai u pin b thm nc, chic my nh s bin thnh mt qu n vi c nbt ng do b kch in hay chp pin.Do chng try

S hu mt chic my t tin, nhiu ngi s my v ng knh bng khn lng mn mng gip mchng try xc. C nhiu ngi cn trng, my v ng knh ngay trong t sch hay t qun onhm chng nh nng nhit i gy h hng cc b phn nha ca my v ng knh. Vy m my vh bi iu n gin: nhng ch ny chnh l ni gip my tng tc mc khi m giy v si vic tnh ht m kh cao, s truyn hi nc sang vt chung.Vi my nh, nu mc hay dnh nc c th nhanh chng sy kh hay phi nng hi nc bay i,lau sch vt l c th s dng. Nhng vi chic ng knh, ch cn mt v mc trong thu knh, ching knh xem nh gim gi tr n 60% bi tinh t v sc nt. Nu khc phc bng cch i lauthu knh, tui th ca ng knh cng cht lng quang hc s gim i ng k.

Mt t chng m t ch cho my nhCch chng mNu c iu kin, ch cn mua mt chic t chng m vi gi t 100 USD n 400 USD l xong.Nhng vi nhng tay my khng chuyn nghip, cch bnh dn nht vn l my sau chic TV, hayt lm mt t si nh my sau khi s dng. Vi hn 300.000 ng, bn c th c ngay mt chict si my t ch cho mnh v bn b. Vng quanh cc khu bn in t, hay ch Dn Sinh(TPHCM), bn ch cn mua 1 kg ht ht m silicagen (hay t rang go nh). nhng gi ht nydi y mt chic t knh nh v kn. Sau ni 1 bng n khong 5-8 W vo t km theo 1 nhitk. Nu my nh khng c nhu cu s dng, c trong t s hon ton yn tm. i khi gp trima hoc trong iu kin thi tit m, bn c bt n ln v duy tr nhit khong 30-45 C my c th duy tr c s n nh.


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Chp chn dung gia nh

(Th gii @) - Cc dp hp mt gia nh, bn b l lc cn n k thut chp chn dung nhm. c mtchn dung nhm p, bn khng nht thit vn dng nhiu yu t k thut, nhng cng khng n gin v ckh nhiu iu phi lu .

Hu cnh chm ng dngYu t no lm nn bc nh chp ngi p? 90% cht lng nh nm nt mt ca cc ch th,phn cn li ty thuc vo b cc nh sng v t th hnh th. S dng chn my s gip tng scnt cho nh v my nn thit lp tc ISO thp nht.iu kin l tng chp nh chn dung cho gia nh l vo bui x chiu v ngoi tri. nh sngthi im ny khng qu sng hoc qu ti trn cc gc nh. Hy chn mt cnh nn cho bc nh ctnh cht tng ng v chm, c th l vch tng, thm c xanh xa tt hay rng cy xanh... Hu cnmt gc nh, trn ng ph... kh ri nu chn lm phng nh.

Chn thm c xanh lm cnh nn

Sp xp b ccSau khi xc nh c hu cnh, tip theo bn chn v tr ngi cho mi ngi trong gia nh: Mt tn ln, mt thn cy hay mt chic bn nh ni hin nh, mt bng gh di... Mc ch ca vic spxp ch ngi chnh l c c tm cao gng mt khc nhau cho bc nh.Cho mt vi ngi ngi trn gh, mt s khc ngi xung t v tr nh ngi thp di t. Khngnn ngi xp bng, hy gip mi ngi ngi chm gi v chn xp vo nhau v mt pha hng. T

th ng v nhn v mt hng no cng s to hiu ng chnh lch chiu cao trong b cc nh.Lu ng u ngi ny che khut u ngi kia theo c chiu ngang v chiu dc.ng chn t th ngi i din vai vung gc vi ng knh, hy chn gc xoay ngi nh cho cc chth. Nhng ngi eo knh nn cm knh tay hoc g xung eo trn khuy c o.


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Sp xp v tr ngi c c tm cao gng mt khc nhau

o din t thHy sng to hn trong vic sp xp nhm ngi cho bc nh. Thay v mt nhm ln u tm tpmi my ngi, bn c th chia thnh cc nhm nh ng cnh nhau mt cch ngu hng. Mt bnvai chng ln nhau s khin u cc ch th gn nhau hn. Ch cn thy mt bn vai trong nh l .Ch th tuyt i khng nn xui tay bn hng. Hy tay vo ti, chong vai nhau hay khoc taynm tay nhau... Cc t th an cho tay tng t s gip nh chp trng nng ng hn ln. Vi chnnn lu cc t th tht t nhin: Ngi bt cho chn, bn chn hp gc 45 khi ng...

Chia mt nhm nhiu ngi thnh cc nhm nh ng cnh nhau

Sau khi n nh b cc cho ch th, hy li li v kim tra qua mt lt cc hiu ng trn my mbo nh chp ng nh sng to ca bn.Lu nh sngNgun sng l tng l nh sng cng thp v di rng. Chp nh di bu tri y nng vogia tra s bng ch th. Hy phn x nh sng vo vng bng ny hoc dng n flash ph tr trnh tnh trng ny.


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Ngoi ra, nn tn dng nh sng hong hn hoc nh sng phn x t mt cao c sn trng cngun sng l tng cho nh. Mt cch khc thng dng trnh bng rm trn gng mt ch thl chp nh ch th ng di mt vi nhnh cy pha trn cao.

nh sng cng thp v di rng

Bm myNgm sao cho ch th nm vo trung tm khung hnh, cha mt khong trng ct cp sau ny. Lbm my, hy thc hin mt thao tc no thu ht s ch ca mi ngi gip nh mt cc chth cng nhn v mt hng. Gii php quen thuc cui cng l chp cc gng mt ti ci hnhphc.Ngoi ra, c th chp hnh nh mi ngi ang nhn nhau thay v cng nhn vo ng knh my nh. Bcc dng ny kh hn. trnh tnh trng nhm mt, hy ra hiu khi chp nh hoc chp hng lot

nh v la chn sau.

C th chp hnh nh mi ngi ang nhn nhau


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K thut chp nh tr con

Vi th loi nh ny, cn c my tc ly nt cao, ISO c th y cao m t nhiu. L tng hn l loi myng knh c m ln d dng lm ni bt ch th.

Nhng iu cn trnh khi chp nh tr em

Khonh khc ng nghnh ca b. nh: Nguyn Nht Thanh.

L tng m ni, vi th loi nh tr con, ngi chp cn chun b my c tc ly nt cao, c th

y ISO cao m nh vn t nhiu. Ngoi ra, vi cc loi my thay ng knh, nh DSLR, Range finderhoc my ng knh ri khng gng lt (EVIL), ng knh cn c m ln d dng ni bt chth. Tuy nhin, thc t l khng phi ng b b m no cng c my "hng khng" chp cho conci mnh, v vy tt nht l s dng thnh tho thit b ang c chp p nht c th.Vi my DSLR hoc quang trc (Range finder) my dng khi im nh Nikon D3100 hay Canon600D cng rt tt, quan trng l s dng ng knh khu ln d dng c lp ch th v tc lynt tt khi thiu sng. Cc ng mt tiu c 35mm, 50mm, 85mm c gi khong t 100 n 300 USDl gii php kinh t nht.
http://ictworld.vn/20110926093454859p105c107/nhung-dieu-can-tranh-khi-chup-anh-tre-em.htmhttp://ictworld.vn/20110926093454859p105c107/nhung-dieu-can-tranh-khi-chup-anh-tre-em.htm


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Khng phi b m no cng c my nh xn, nn s dng thnh tho thit b ang c chp p nht c th. nh:

Nguyn Nht Thanh.Cc my c th khng ch c phi sng (chnh tay hon ton) khi chp tr ang chi a vnng m mun bt dnh khonh khc th cn gi c tc chp khng thp hn 1/250 giy (bngcch m khu ln v/hoc tng ISO). Nu to hiu ng chuyn ng th c th tc khong 1/12giy n 1/60 giy, nhng lu chng rung cho tt. Khi tr vn ng, khng nn lm dng hiu ng nt cn (DOF mng) bi tr rt d dch chuyn khi khong nt, c th lu khu f4 - f5.6 lva. Phng thc ly nt c th chnh qua ch bm nt chuyn ng, v d, AI servo my Canonhoc AF-C, 3D tracking my Nikon.Cc my du lch t ng, nn th ch t ng thng minh trc, nu khng t c tc cao bt chuyn ng th chnh qua ch t sn, nh chp tr em, chp th thao hoc c biu tng

ng vt hay khiu v. Cc ch ny cho php y ISO ln cao hnh khng b nhe.My t ng c nhc im l ly nt chm, c khi ti mt giy hoc hn nu nh sng khng thunli. V vy, trong nhiu trng hp nn ly nt trc bng cch nhm vo ch th v bm na nt rigi tay v tr , khi khonh khc n s bm sut chp. D nhin, ng bm gi lu n mc trchi a tin li ra hn ngoi vng ly nt sn.Chp hnh tr em rt kh, nhng khi chp c th kt qu li rt ngon mc, l mt th thch cho skin nhn, sng to, thnh tho trang thit b ca mnh.


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nh Tui th trong ch Tui th em do S Ha t chc. Tc gi: Ngo Thanh Minh.

Nhng iu cn trnh khi chp nh tr em

ng yu cu tr to dng theo ngi ln v cng hn ch zoom nu c th nu chp bng my compact.

Di y l mt s lu m nhng ngi mi chp nn lu .1. Yu cu tr "to dng" theo ngi ln.

Nn ch khonh khc tr ci hoc mu mo th hin nhng tnh cch khc nhau ca chng. nh Hn nhin ca

Nguyn Nam Long, d thi nh ch Tui th em ca S Ha.


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Tr em rt hiu ng v thng khng mun lm theo mt khun mu no, nu c bt tr phi lm thny th n, nhiu kh nng l chng s khng hp tc. Trnh ti a vic: "Ny con i nhn vo mnh, ci i", m hy lng l quan st chng chi mt khong cch, thit b sn sng v nhn nich khonh khc. Khonh khc y l nhng nh mt vt hn h, hoc thm ch l mu mo, thhin tnh cch v nhng trng thi khc nhau ca tr.2. Bi cnh bun t.

Quan im v ni vui chi ca tr s hi khc ngi ln, v vy, nn tp suy ngh theo cch ngh cachng tm a im chp ph hp v khng cn b tr mt cch "chuyn nghip". Tr s thc shn hoan nu gp bi cnh ph hp la tui v tt nht l c nhiu chi.3. Ngi chp t th ng thng.Tr mt s bi cnh c bit, cn trnh chp t trn xung bi ngi ln lun cao hn v chp t trxung s kh thy nh mt v biu cm ca tr. Hy h thp trng tm, ngi hoc thm ch nm b c gc chp ph hp nht.4. Ch s dng ch t ng trn my (compact).Ch t ng trn my ch yu phc v nhng bi cnh chp thng thng, v vy, cc nh sn xu c thm cc ch t sn cho vn ng nhanh trong bnh xe ch (mode dial) hoc trong menu

nhng hnh k hiu nh th thao, ma, tr em Nn tn dng ti a nhng ch ny chp trhiu ng.5. Hn ch zoom nu c th (my nh compact, ng knh DSLR hai khu).

Vui a trong nng xun ca Pham Quoc Hung. nh d thi ch Tui th em ca S Ha.

Tr my DSLR vi ng knh t tin, cc my nh du lch thng s b thit sng khi zoom, v vynn tin li gn thay v ng xa m zoom vo, ngoi tr hon cnh bt buc phi zoom hoc ch mun zoom. Trnh zoom s gip my ly nt nhanh hn v khng b thiu sng dn ti tc chpchm gy m nhe, nht l khi tr vn ng.6. Hn ch dng flash trc din.


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Hnh chp cc b s sinh khi ng rt d thng nhng li thng trong iu kin thiu sng trmtrng. Tt nht bn nn mua chn my (tripod) loi ph thng, ch vi trm nghn ng nhng hiuqu rt tt, gip ng knh m lu m hnh khng b rung nhe.7. Hi lng vi mt hai kiu nhi khi xem hnh trn my nh thy c, nhng ti khi phng ln li khng p. Thc t t l shnh phi b khi chp tr con kh cao, v vy nn chp nhiu v lin tc c c vi tm ng

nht.

Mo chp cnh pho hoa

L mt "ph nhy", dp nm ht Tt n l c hi thun li bn ghi li nhng khonh khcpho hoa tng bng m giao tha.

nh minh ha: Internet10 lu bn c c nhng tm nh chp cnh pho hoa ng :1. S dng chn myThng thng, bn s phi ng t khong cch xa, s dng phi sng di chp cnh pho hoa l l do khng th thiu chn my. Nu khng c chn my lm gi , bn hy tm cch khc nhta my vo tng hoc bt k vt g vng chc. Khng nn s dng tay khng gi my chp t ca trp di 1/30 giy.2. S dng b iu khin t xaNu c iu kin, bn nn sm sa b iu khin t xa bng dy cp hoc qua tn hiu khng dy. Cph kin hu ch ny s trnh cho camera b rung khi bn thao tc ghi hnh. Nu bn c nh chphnh vi phi sng di, cc thit b gi r ny s l ph t thc s c lc.3. Tm bt c hiMt trong nhng kh khn khi chp cnh pho hoa l bn phi on c khi no pho s sng. Bnnn chn nhng ni cao ro thong ng nh tng thng cao c hoc sn vn rng, gn ni s tchc bn pho hoa.4. Ghi hnh cnh rng


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c th ghi c nhng cnh tng honh nht, bn nn zoom ti a v chp nh gc rng. iuny gip bn khng b l bt k cnh p no, ng thi cc tc phm ca bn cng c c sutrng nh tt hn.5. m ph hpThng thng, mi ngi vn cho rng my cn phi c m ln, mc f2 chp cnh pho hoa.Tuy nhin, thc t l, chp cnh

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