Bo co Thc Tp Cng Nhn Mch Quang Bo GVHD: L Hng Nam

Bo co Thc Tp Cng Nhn Mch Quang Bo GVHD: L Hng Nam

Li ni u

Song hnh vi s pht trin ca ngnh khoa hc my tnh trong hn 60 nm qua, cng ngh in t c nhng bc tin vt bc vi kh nng tch hp ngy cng cao ca vi mch t gip tng tc tc x l, nng cao tin cy v gim gi thnh sn phm. T nhng ng dng ban u ch yu trong lnh vc qun s v my tnh ca cc b vi x l, ngy nay, s ra i ca cc h vi iu khin vi vic tch hp cc khi chc nng trn mt IC, cc vi x l chuyn dng, cng vi th mnh vn c ca cc b vi x l a nng gip cho vic ng dng k thut vi x l vo trong cc h thng phi my tnh tr nn n gin hn, m rng i tng ng dng cc thnh qu ca ngnh cng nghip in t hin i ny. Ta c th thy ng dng ca chng trong cc h thng my tnh ln, cc h thng vin thng cho n cc sn phm quen thuc nh my git, iu ha, n giao thng,... Trong khun kh thc tp cng nhn ny, vi mc ch tm hiu ng dng thc t ca k thut vi x l, nhm chng em la chn ti thit k mch quang bo ng dng k thut vi x l.

Chng em chn thnh cm n Thy L Hng Nam tn tnh hng dn nhm trong qu trnh lm thc tp , to iu kin cho chng em c thc hin ti tt nht. ti Mch quang bo rt a dng v phong ph, c nhiu loi hnh khc nhau da vo cng dng v phc tp. Do trnh c hn v kinh nghim trong thc t cn non km, nn ti chc chn cn nhiu thiu st. V vy rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp, gip chn thnh ca cc thy c cng nh ca cc bn sinh vin gip nhm c th lm tt hn nhng ti sau ny.

MC LC

1 - Tm hiu sn phm v nu yu cu ca ti 2 - V s khi v nguyn l tng th sn phma, Nu nhim v ca tng khi b, Chn linh kin cho tng khi c, V s mch cho tng khi d, Gii thch nguyn l lm vic ca mch trong tng khi 3 - S nguyn l tng module 4 - Gii thch s nguyn l lm vic ca module hin th led 7 on5 - Tnh chn linh kin cho mch 6 - V mch in 7 - Kim tra linh kin v lp rp kim tra mch 8 - Lu thut ton 9 - Chng trnh 10 - Nhn xt chung11 - Gii thiu cc linh kin s dng

1. Tm hiu sn phm v nu yu cu ca ti:1.1. Tm hiu sn phm:1.1.1.Tn sn phm: Bin ch chyHng sn xut: Cng ty TNHH OGO Vit NamHnh nh:

Thng s k thut:Thng s k thutTnh nngGhi ch

Khong cch im nh (Pitch)Pitch 16mmL k/c t tm im nh ti tm lin k

Kch thc im nh5mm(KT mi pixel)

sng im nh4000mcd

Tng s Led/m211.500 led

Bng n Led- Bng led cm chuyn dng siu sngf5mm.- sng > 4000mcd.- Tui th LED: Trn100.000 gi s dng- Gc nhn: 110(5%)S dng IC v mch in t, Module, bng led matrix in t sn xut trung tm cng ngh cao Thm Quyn - TQ

Module LED thng dngP3.75mm, P4.75mm, P5mm, P6mm, P7.62mm, P8mm, P10mm, P12mm, P14mm, P16mm, P20mm, P25mm, P31.5mm

S bng Led/ im nh (pixel)3 bng Led/ im nh(2R + 1G)Gm:2 + 1 xanh l

Cng sut tiu th trung bnh(average)150w/m2

Cng sut tiu th ti a (Max)200w/m2

T l bng khng sng 0.0003

Kh nng hin th mu3 muXanh, vng

Trng lng/m2Khong 20kg/m2

iu khin, truyn thng tinThng qua giao din my tnhPhn mm do MTA cung cp min ph

Kh nng hin th- Hin th theo file nh, logo, text, ng h, ngy gi, vv- Hin th 1 hay nhiu dng ty tng font ch v mun ca ngi s dng- Hin th tng trang mn hnh- S dng d dng, kt ni nhanh chng- C th iu chnh tc k xo nhanh chm ty - C th iu chnh thi gian hin ch ( dng hnh) ty - Thng qua mi trng Windows- Phn vng hin th theo yu cu- Giao din ting Vit d s dng

Khong cch nhn r1m - 200m

Mi trng lm vicNgoi tri

m lm vic40 90% RH

Nhit lm vicT -10 n 700C

Khung v bngHp st m km, bc nhm hp kim en

Chun giao tip: RS485Chc nng: qung co, hin th thng tin, hin th ng h, nhit ng dng: - S dng lm bng hiu ti cc ca hng, trung tm thng mi, vn phng cng ty, ta nh...- S dng ti trng hc, ngn hng- S dng trn ng giao thng: lm cng cho, thng bo tnh hnh giao thng- S dung bang in t hin thi thng tin thi trng chng khoan...

1.1.2.Tn sn phm: Bin chng khonHng sn xut: CNG TY TNHH OGO VIT NAMHnh nh:

Thng s k thut:1.Pitch 16mm:- Bo hnh 12 thng.- 2R+1B (2,1xanh).- Kch thc Mudule: 256mm x 128mm.- Tui th Led: 100.000 gi s dng.- iu khin thng qua giao din my tnh- Hin th file text,s, logo.

2. Pitch 20mm:- Bo hnh 12 thng.- 2R+1B (2,1xanh).- Kch thc Mudule: 160mm x 320mm.- Tui th Led: 100.000 gi s dng.- iu khin: Thng qua giao din my tnh- Hin th file text,s, logo.

Chun giao tip: Kt ni trc tip vi my ch thng qua internet.Chc nng: Cp nht nhng thng tin ca m chng khon v hin th ln mn hnh lin tc.Hin th file text,s, logo.ng dng: cc sn chng khon.1.1.3.Tn sn phm: Bng thng tin in t led ma trn tch hp ng h thi gian thcHng sn xut: CNG TY C PHN CNG NGH TIN THNHHnh nh:

Thng s k thut:- Thi gian hot ng > 10 nm- Loi ngoi tri v trong nh- Cng sng ln- Gi thnh bo dng thp- Tiu th nng lng thp- Ngun cp: 220V, 50Hz- Giao din truyn thng: iu khin Remote, cng Com, USB my tnh, bn phm- B nh: cc ln- ng h thi gian thc: 10 nm khng cn cp ngun- MODUN LED nhp ngoi t Hng Kng, i Loan v Chu uChun giao tip: RS232, WIFI, INTERNETChc nng:- Font ting Vit hoc ting Anh, kch c Font tu - Tu chn ng h thi gian thc, ch 12h hoc 24h, hin th bt k lc no bn mun- Nhiu loi tc chy khc nhau- Lu c nhiu thng tin qung co- Nhiu hiu ng hin th khc nhau (tri, phi, trn , di...)- Cho php ngi s dng v logo, hnh- T ng tt hoc bt ngun hin th theo ch lp trnh- Hin th c nhiu thng bo trong mt chui s kin- Truyn thng bng iu khin t xa, qua cng giao tip my tnh, qua bn phm, hoc cp nhn thng tin t websiteng dng: Qung co, thng bo

1.2. Yu cu ti:Thit k thi cng mch Quang Bo: S dng led matrix v led 7 on. Giao tip my tnh v bn phm.2. S khi:Module giao tip my tnhModule hin th led matrixModule hin th led 7 on

Nguyn l hot ng mch tng qut:- Khi cm ngun vo VK c d liu t eeprom x l v xut ra led, i my tnh truyn d liu, nhn d liu t my tnh.- VK lu du liu vo eeprom ri gi li d liu ln my tnh.- VK nhn d liu chy ch, gi vng, gi ngoi t v lu vo trong ram, sau VK x l v cho xut d liu ra cc led.- Cc qu trnh lp i lp li cho n khi mt ngun.2.1. Module giao tip my tnh:a. Nhim v: S dng chun giao tip RS485, lm knh truyn giao tip gia module hin th v my tnh.b. Chn linh kin: FT232PL Ic chuyn t TTL sang RS 485 in tr hn dng, in tr chng nhiu, ko ln, ko xung.c. S mch:

d. Nguyn l lm vic: Nhn d liu t cng USB my tnh FT232PL chuyn d liu sang chun TTL D liu chun TTL vo MAX485 chuyn thnh chun 485 D liu chun 485 c a vo module hin th.2.2. Module hin th led matrix: (nhm 3,4 thc hin)2.3. Module hin th led 7 on:S khi:2.2. Module hin th led matrix: (Nhm 3,4)

2.3. Module hin th led 7 on: Khi ngun chungKhi hin th gi vngKhi iu khin trung tmKhi hin th gi ngoi tKhi hin th ngy thng gi pht

2.3.1. Khi ngun chung: (Q.Bnh)Input: 220VacOutput: 12Vdc 5Aa. Nhim v:- Cung cp ngun 12Vdc.- Dng cung cp 5A.b. Chn linh kin:- Bin p 8A- Cu ch, cng tc- Cu diode 10A- T lc gn, t n nh cho LM7812.- in tr hn dng, tr ly p cp BJT, bin tr ly p vo mch so snh.- Transistor nng dng cho ngun, transistor nng dng qua r le- n p LM7812- R le- Opam so snh.- Diode.- Led n

c. S mch:

d. Nguyn l lm vic:- in p xoay chiu 220vac, qua bin p ly ra mc p 18vac.- p xoay chiu 18vac, qua cu diode chnh lu thnh in p 1 chiu.- in p 1 chiu qua t in 10000uF lm bng phng.- p ra a vo mch n p, LM7812 v transistor r dng B688 n nh in p ra 12V, v dng cao 5A.- in p ra qua r le v hi tip v mch bo v qu p.- in p hi tip v so snh vi p chun 12vdc t phn cc ngc diode zener 12v bng LM358.- in p ra c khuych i dng bng c1815, dng Ic a vo role kch role.- Khi p ra mch n p ln hn 12vdc dn n p ra Lm358 kch dn c1815, c dng ln qua role, role ngt mch. Khi p bng 12vdc, c1815 khng dn, role v trng thi ban u.

2.3.2. Khi iu khin trung tm: (Q.Bnh)Input: D liu chun rs485, ngun 12Vdc.Output: D liu ra cc port iu khin s hin led 7 on.a. Nhim v: - Nhn d liu chun RS485 t module giao tip my tnh, bn phm.- X l v iu khin xut ra cc port gi tr iu khin hin th s ra led 7 on.- Truyn d liu v my tnh.b. Chn linh kin:- IC n p.- 89s52- IC thi gian thc DS1307- MAX485- EEPROM- Thch anh 11.0592MHz, 32768Hz- T n nh dao ng, t mch reset, t n nh mch ngun.- Pin 3V cho IC thi gian thc- in tr ko ln, in tr hn dng.c. S mch:

d. Nguyn l lm vic:- in p vo 12Vdc, qua mch n p dng LM7805 to p n nh 5Vdc cung cp cho mch.- D liu chun RS485 t module giao tip my tn qua RS485 chuyn thnh chun TTL a vo VK 89C51.- DS1307 l IC thi gian thc, d liu ngy thng, gi pht c ly t IC ny.- VK 89C51 nhn d liu t MAX485, v DS 1307 x l v xut ra cc port iu khin led, v xut d liu truyn v my tnh.2.3.3. Khi hin th Ngy Thng, Gi Pht: (T.Hin)Input: D liu nhn t port iu khin t vi iu khin 89C51Output: Hin th ngy thng gi pht trn cc LED 7 ona. Nhim v: - Nhn d liu t port iu khin ca vi iu khin 89C51 mch iu khin trung tm x l d liu t IC thi gian thc DS1307 hin th thi gian ngy thng gi phtb. Chn linh kin:- Mch hin th Ngy thng Gi pht s dng phng php dch v cht nn dng:IC dch v cht.IC m o.LED n mu LED 7 onin tr hn dng, tr ly cp cho BJT nng dng.LM7805DiodeTransistor nng dng cho ngun 5V.T n nh cho ic n p, lc nhiu.c. S mch:

d. Nguyn l lm vic:- in p vo 12Vdc, qua mch n p dng LM7805 to p n nh 5Vdc cung cp cho mch. - Gii thch ngha hot ng ca mt s chn quan trng: Input: Chn 14 : u vo d liu ni tip . Ti 1 thi im xung clock ch a vo c 1 bitOutput: Chn 15,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 chiu d liu dch t QA n QHXut d liu khi chn 13 tch cc mc thp v c mt xung tch cc sn m ti chn cht 12(output-enable)Chn 13 : Chn cho php tch cc mc thp (0) .Khi mc cao, tt c cc u ra ca 74595 tr v trng thi cao tr, khng c u ra no c cho php.(SQH)Chn 9: Chn d liu ni tip . Nu dng nhiu 74595 mc ni tip nhau th chn ny a vo u vo ca con tip theo khi dch 8bit.(Shift clock)Chn 11: Chn vo xung clock . Khi c 1 xung clock tch cc sn dng(t 0 ln 1) th 1bit c dch vo ic.(Latch clock)Chn 12 : xung clock cht d liu . Khi c 1 xung clock tch cc sn dng th cho php xut d liu trn cc chn output . lu c th xut d liu bt k lc no bn mun ,v d u vo chn 14 dc 2 bit khi c xung clock chn 12 th d liu s ra chn Qa v Qb (ch chiu dch d liu t Qa=>Qh)(Reset)Chn 10: khi chn ny mc thp(mc 0) th d liu s b xa trn chip- Gii thch hot ng ca mch:Khi d liu nhn c t port iu khin ca 89C51 a vo chn 14 ca IC 74HC595 (chn u vo d liu ni tip) v ng thi c 1 xung clock a vo chn 11 tch cc sn dng th d liu c dch vo IC. Sau khi dch 64 bit d liu hin th ngy thng gi pht th c 1 xung cht d liu t 89C51 a vo chn 12 ca IC 74HC595 th cho php xut d liu trn cc chn output ca IC. D liu c m bi IC ULN2803 v hin th trn LED 7 on thi gian ngy thng, gi pht.2.3.4. Khi hin th Gi vng: (V.)Input: D liu nhn t port iu khin t vi iu khin 89C51Output: Hin th gi vng trn cc LED 7 ona. Nhim v: Xut ra gi vng trn cc led 7 on.b. Chn linh kin:- Led 7 on.- IC dch cht.- IC khuch i khng o.- IC khuch i o.- in tr hn dngc. S mch:

d. Nguyn l lm vic:Ta hin th thng tin trn cc LED bng phng php qut.+ Phng php qut: Da trn lu nh ca mt, mt hnh nh mt ta thy nhng phi mt 40ms mi x l xong (c 24-25 hnh trong 1 giy), do nu cc hnh xut hin trc mt ta m chp tt nhanh hn 25 hnh/ giy th ta khng thy n chp na, c th hiu nh mt ta b tha thng tin. Nh vy nu bng cch no ta cho mt con led n chp tt tht nhanh (trn 25 Hz, nhanh hn na cng tt, vi trm Hz, thm ch vi KHz cng tt min l con led c th chp tn s ) ta s thy con led sng lun, m thc cht l n ang sng_ tt_sng_tt. rt nhanh.+ Nguyn l: Cc LED c cp chung 1 d liu hin th t vi iu khin v ta iu khin cc LED bng cch iu khin ngun ca chng. IC 74HC595 thc hin chc nng ny. Ti 1 thi im ch c duy nht 1 LED sng. Ban u ta cp d liu hin th cho LED 1 v ta iu khin sao cho cc chn ra l 10000000, nh vy lc ny LED 1 sng. Tip tc ta cp d liu cho LED 2 v iu khin cho cc chn u ra l 01000000 lm LED2 sng,c nh vy cho n LED th 8 sng(cc chn u ra 00000001) vic cp d liu hin th l iu khin cc chn u ra phi xy ra ng thi v rt nhanh, lm ta c cm gic l tt c cc LED c sng ng thi. nh vy bng cch ny ta c th hin th thng tin cn thit trn cc LED 2.3.5.Khi hin th Gi ngoi t: (Nhm 2 lm phn ny)

3. S mch tng qut: Mch km theo.4. Nguyn l hot ng module hin th led 7 on:- Khi cm ngun vo VK nhn d liu t my tnh, lu d liu ln Ram.- VK x l d liu lu li trn Ram.- VK xut gi tr ra cc led.- Qu trnh c tip tc cho n khi ngt ngun.

5. Tnh chn linh kin cho mch:5.1. Mch ngun:Yu cu p ra 12VDC, dng 5A- Chn bin p: dng ra 5A, nn dng cung cp ti thiu >5A. p ra 12VDC, p vo ti thiu >12Vdc, do bin p trn th trng khi dng ln th p b st kh nhiu, nn ta chn bin p dng ra 8A v ly mc in p 18Vac.- Chn cu diode, cu diode phi chu c dng ti a 5A, nn chn cu diode 10A, khng chn cu diode 5A v s rt nng.- Chn t 10000uF/63V lm bng phng p ra t cu diode.- Chn IC n p LM7812. T ng vo v ng ra ln lt l 0.33u v 104 (theo datasheet).- LM7812 ch chu dng ti a 1A, nn dng thm transistor r dng cho mch n p. Chn transistor B688, dng max 8A (ch trn l thuyt).- Tnh chn R1: chn R1 sao cho khi dng ln hn Ivao ca LM7812 th B688 s dn.Chn dng qua LM7812 max = 150mA. Suy ra R1=0.7/Iv=0.7/0.15=4.67ohmCng sut ri trn R1: P=UI=0.7x0.15=0.105. an ton chn cng sut R1 2wChn R1 4.7ohm/2w.- Thit k mch bo v qu p: in p chun 12V t zener nn chn zener 12v. Chn opamp lm358 so snh gia p chun v p hi tip. hn dng vo lm358, chn in tr hn dng 100k. Dng qua role khong 100mA, nn chn BJT dn bo ha dng >100mA. Chn 2sc1815. Khi bo ha dng Ic=150mA, Ib=10mA. Tnh Rb=(12-0.7)/0.01=1130. Chn Rb=1k.5.2. Mch iu khin trung tm:- Mch dao ng: Chn thch anh 11.0592 ng tn s truyn nhn d liu port ni tip.- Ta c phng trnh x ca t C t 5Vdc xung cn 2.6V c (lc ny p ri trn R bng 2.2Vdc-2.4Vdc nn RST mc cao): VC3(t)=[VC3(0)-VC3()].^(/)+VC3() 2.6 =[0-5]. ^(/)+5 ^(/) =2.08 / = 0.734 - Gi tmax l thi gian lu nht cn thit bm chn RST.V vy, tmax cng b cng tt.Tuy nhin,tmax phi ph hp vi thc t,nn ta chn tmax=0.1s. =R x C = 0.136s . Chn R=100k. C3= / R=0.136/1000013.6 x 106 Ta chn C=10 5.3. Mch hin th ngy thng, gi pht:5.4. Mch hin th gi vng: led 7 on sng th cng dng in hiu dng qua led phi bng 10 20 mA. Chn 10 mA. ng thi Vled = 1.7 2.5Vdc led sng bnh thng, chn Vled = 2V.IC 74hC595 thc hin dch cp d liu cho led 7 on.Xt 1 thanh led 7 on, c:

Trong : T1 l thi gian 1 led sng, T2 l thi gian 1 led tt. tha tn s p ng ca IC 74hc595 v IC 74hc164 v tha vic qut 56 led ton mch m bo kh nng nhn thy ca mt l 25 hnh/ 1s (f = 0.04s), chn T1 = 500us T2 = 55*500us = 0.0275 s.C: = 0.0275s / 500us = 55. 10 mA = 550 mA R = 2 / 550mA = 5.14 () chn 10 ().

6. V mch in:6.1. Khi ngun:

6.2. Khi iu khin trung tm:

6.3. Khi ngy thng, gi pht:

6.4. Khi hin th gi vng:

7. Kim tra linh kin & o th mch:7.1. Mch ngun:7.1.1. Kim tra R le v mch bo v qu p: Mc mch nh s sau:

- Ngun 24v ly t ng ra mch chnh lu.- Vn bin tr sao cho p im gia 12v, sau vn bin tr tng t t in p im gia, ta thy role nh l mch hot ng toort.- Nu role khng nh, ta o in p trn zener, nu l 12v th zener tt, nu nh hn 12v khong 0,5v th zener hng, thay zener. Tin hnh kim tra li, nu role vn khng nh, o p ra chn 7 ca lm358, nu khong 12v th lm358 cn tt, nu nh hn nhiu th lm358 hng, thay lm358. Tip tc kim tra, nu role vn khng nh, o p trn cc C ca c1815, nu gn bng 0v th c1815 cn tt, nu in p ln th tho c1815, kim tra, c th h, thay c1815. Nu tt c cc trng hp trn lm m role khng nhy, role hng.7.1.2. o t mch ngun:- o t khng ti: Gi tr o ghi trn s mch tng qut.- Kim tra dng: Mc in p bin p l 15Vac. Dng ti l 12 con in tr 33ohm/5w mc song song vi nhau. o p ri trn ti ch khong 10Vdc. St p.o p bin th ch cn 11vac, B688 nng nhiu.Kt lun: Do bin p b st p dn n p cung cp cho mch n p, dng qua B688 ln nn B688 nng.Gii php: Nng mc p ca bin p ln 18vac, v mc thm 1 con B688 song song ( thun li cho p dng cc mch ngun dng cao sau ny, trong mch v li layout c 3 con B688, mch c th chu c dng ti a khong 15A nu bin p cung cp dng v khng st p).o li mch, p ra 11.8V, n nh. Cu diode v LM358 kh nng.Gii php: Bt tn nhit cho cu diode v tng in tr trc LM358 B688 dn khi dng qua LM358 qu 70mA. Thay R t 4.7 ohm thnh 10 ohm/2w.Mch ngun n nh 12Vdc/5A.7.2. Mch iu khin trung tm:7.2.1. Kim tra Max 485:Mc mch nh sau:Kim tra TTL - RS485- Vn bin tr p vo DI thay i 0-5, khi p vo DI mc 5v, o p ra chn A v chn B, nu in p A ln hn B nhiu hn 200mV th Max485 cn tt.- Khi p vo DI 0v, o p ra chn A v chn B, nu in p B ln hn A nhiu hn 200mv th Max485 cn tt.Kim tra RS485 TTL- Vn 2 bin tr p trn A ln hn p trn B khong 300mv, o p ra trn chn RO, nu p trn chn RO khong 5v, th MAX485 cn tt.- Vn 2 bin tr p trn B ln hn p trn A khong 300mv, o p ra trn chn RO, nu p trn chn RO khong 0v, th MAX485 cn tt.Cc trng hp cn li MAX485 hng.7.2.2. o t mch iu khin trung tm:- Cp ngun vo 12vdc, ta o c p cung cp cho VK n nh 5v. Mch ngun tt.- Kim tra dao ng. Thc hin chng trnh nhy led n tn s 1Hz kim tra.Mch hot ng tt.7.3. Mch hin th ngy thng, gi pht:7.3.1. Kim tra 74HC595:S mch to xung dng 555:

Mch dao ng vi f = 0,5Hz. Tnh chn linh kin: Ta c T1= 0,7.R1.CT2= 0,7.R2.CVi f = 0.5Hz nn T1 = T2 = 0,7.R.C (R1=R2) T = T1+ T2 = 2.0,7.R.C Chn C= 100uF tnh in tr R T f= 0,5 Hz tnh c T =1/f = 2s R = T/(2.0,7.C) = 14,285 kiloohmChn linh kin:IC NE555 in tr 15K, 1KLED nT 100uF, 103Diode 1N4007Ta kim tra bng cch cp xung clock vo 2 chn 11 v 12 ca IC 74HC595 v quan st trn LED 7 on. Cp mt xung vo chn d liu ni tip 14 v quan st thy d liu dch trn LED 7 on7.3.2. Kim tra IC ULN2803:Cung cp in p ti chn u vo ca ULN2803 (chn 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) o in p ti chn ra (chn 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18)Ta cp Vin = 5V o c Vout = 0.6 VVin=0V th ng ra th niIC ULN2803 hot ng bnh thng.Kim tra dng mc mch nh hnh v:

7.4. Mch hin th gi vng:7.4.1. Kim tra TD67283:Mc mch nh hnh v:

7.4.2. Kim tra IC dch 74hc595: Nh trn.

8. Lu thut ton:8.1. Chng trnh chnh:MAINX L D LIULU K T VO ANHN DLIU T MY TNH ?XUT D LIU RA LEDLU A VO RAMA= $ ?SS

8.2. Cc chng trnh con:8.2.1. X l d liu:X LNHP A CH D LIU U TIN TRN RAMKIM TRA A CH C PHI C KT THC KHNG ?TNH TH T TRA BNGGI HM TRABANGRETTNG A CH RAMS

8.2.2. Qut gi vng:QUTNHP A CH D LIU GI VNG U TIN TRN RAMKIM TRA A CH C PHI C CUI CNG KHNG ?GI HM XUTTNG A CH LN 1GN A CH L A CH US

8.2.3. Hin th ngy thng, gi pht:

9. Chng trnh:9.1. Giao tip eeprom:GHI_EEPROM:MOVR0,#70HMOVR1,#00HHAM_WRITE:LCALL WRITE_DATA_ININCR0INCR1CJNER0,#0A0H,HAM_WRITERETDOC_EEPROM:MOVR0,#30HMOVR1,#00HHAM_READ:LCALLREAD_DATA_ININCR0INCR1CJNER0,#60H,HAM_READRETWRITE_DATA_IN: MOV DC_BYTE_CAO,R1 MOVDC_BYTE_THAP,R1 MOV BYTE_WRITE,@R0 LCALL WRITE_BYTE LCALL DELAY_100MS RETREAD_DATA_IN: MOVDC_BYTE_CAO,R1 MOV DC_BYTE_THAP,R1 LCALLREAD_BYTE MOVA,BYTE_READ MOV@R0,A RET

;----------------WRITE_BYTE:LCALLSTART_BITMOVA,#10100000BMOVR4,#8;DEM SO BITLCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKNOPNOPMOVA,DC_BYTE_CAOMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKNOPNOPMOVA,DC_BYTE_THAPMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKNOPNOPMOVA,BYTE_WRITEMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKLCALL STOP_BITNOPNOPRET;--------------------READ_BYTE:LCALLSTART_BITMOVA,#10100000BMOVR4,#8;DEM SO BITLCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKMOVA,DC_BYTE_CAOMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKMOVA,DC_BYTE_THAPMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKLCALLSTART_BITMOVA,#10100001BMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAYLCALLSLAVE_ACKMOVR4,#8READ_DATA:SETBSCLNOPMOVC,SDACLRSCLMOVA,BYTE_READRLCAMOVBYTE_READ,ADJNZR4,READ_DATALCALLNO_ACKLCALLSTOP_BITRET;---------------------START_BIT:SETBSCL NOP NOP SETBSDA NOP CLRSDA NOP NOP CLRSCL NOP RET;---------------------STOP_BIT:NOP CLRSDA NOP NOP SETBSCL NOP SETBSDA NOP NOP RET;--------------------XOAY:CLRSCLNOPNOPRLCAMOVSDA,CNOPNOPSETBSCLNOPNOPDJNZR4,XOAYRET;----------------------SLAVE_ACK:CLRSCL NOP SETBSDA NOP NOP SETBSCL MOVC,SDA NOP CLRSCL RET;----------------------NO_ACK:SETBSDANOPNOPSETBSCLNOPNOPCLRSCLRET;-----------------------;-------------------------DELAY_MS:MOVR7,#4DELAY_MS_LOOP1:MOVR6,#250DJNZR6,$DJNZR7,DELAY_MS_LOOP1RET;-------------------------DELAY_100MS:MOVR5,#100DELAY_100MS_LOOP1:CALL DELAY_MSDJNZR5,DELAY_100MS_LOOP1RET;------------------------DS1307_INIT:MOVR3,#10DS1307_INIT1:CALLDELAY_100MSDJNZR3,DS1307_INIT1RET9.2. Hm x l d liu (Q.Bnh):Chuyn t m ASCII nhn t my tnh sang m xut ra led.D liu c ra t eeprom c lu bt u t a ch 30h n 5Fh

HAM_XULY:MOVR1,#30H;-----------------------------------------HAM_XULY_LOOP1:MOVA,@R1CLRCSUBBA,#48CALL TRABANG1MOV@R1,AINCR1CJNER1,#40H,HAM_XULY_LOOP1;--------------HAM_XULY_LOOP2:MOVA,@R1CLRCSUBBA,#48CALL TRABANG2MOV@R1,AINCR1CJNER1,#48H,HAM_XULY_LOOP2;---------------HAM_XULY_LOOP3:MOVA,@R1CLRCSUBBA,#48CALL TRABANG1MOV@R1,AINCR1CJNER1,#58H,HAM_XULY_LOOP3;---------------HAM_XULY_LOOP4:MOVA,@R1CLRCSUBBA,#48CALL TRABANG2MOV@R1,AINCR1CJNER1,#60H,HAM_XULY_LOOP4LCALL DELAY100MSRETTRABANG1:INC AMOVC A,@A+PCRETBANGMA1: DB 3Fh, 06h, 5Bh, 4Fh, 66h, 6Dh, 7Dh, 07h, 7Fh, 6FhTRABANG2:INC AMOVC A,@A+PCRETBANGMA2: DB 40h,79h,24h,30h,19h,12h,02h,78h,00h,10h

;----------------------DELAY100MS: MOVR2,#2LOOPDELAY100_1: MOVR3,#200LOOPDELAY100: MOVR1,#250 DJNZR1,$ DJNZR3,LOOPDELAY100 DJNZR2,LOOPDELAY100_1 RET;--------DELAY1000MS: MOVR2,#20LOOPDELAY1000_1: MOVR3,#200LOOPDELAY1000: MOVR1,#250 DJNZR1,$ DJNZR3,LOOPDELAY1000 DJNZR2,LOOPDELAY1000_1 RET

9.3. Hm xut ngy thng, gi pht (T.Hin):

SET_TIME_DS:MOVR1,#00HMOVR0,#00LCALLWRITE_DATA_IN_DSINCR1MOVR0,#21LCALLWRITE_DATA_IN_DSINCR1MOVR0,#25LCALLWRITE_DATA_IN_DSINCR1INCR1MOVR0,#16LCALLWRITE_DATA_IN_DSINCR1MOVR0,#05LCALLWRITE_DATA_IN_DSRET;------------------------------DS1307:MOVR1,#00HDS1307_LOOP1:LCALLREAD_DATA_IN_DSMOVA,BYTE_READ_DSMOV60H,AINCR1LCALLREAD_DATA_IN_DSMOVA,BYTE_READ_DSMOV61H,AINCR1LCALLREAD_DATA_IN_DSMOVA,BYTE_READ_DSMOV62H,AINCR1INCR1LCALLREAD_DATA_IN_DSMOVA,BYTE_READ_DSMOV64H,AINCR1LCALLREAD_DATA_IN_DSMOVA,BYTE_READ_DSMOV65H,ALCALLDISPLAYMOVR1,#00HRET

WRITE_DATA_IN_DS: MOV DC_BYTE_DS,R1 MOV BYTE_WRITE_DS,R0 LCALL WRITE_BYTE_DS; BYTE WRITE RETREAD_DATA_IN_DS: MOVDC_BYTE_DS,R1 LCALLREAD_BYTE_DS;BYTE READ MOVA,BYTE_READ_DS ;MOV@R0,A RET

;----------------WRITE_BYTE_DS:LCALLSTART_BIT_DSMOVA,#11010000BMOVR4,#8;DEM SO BITLCALLXOAY_DSLCALLSLAVE_ACK_DS;NOP;NOPMOVA,DC_BYTE_DSMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAY_DSLCALLSLAVE_ACK_DS;NOP;NOPMOVA,BYTE_WRITE_DSMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAY_DSLCALLSLAVE_ACK_DSLCALL STOP_BIT_DS;NOP;NOPRET;--------------------READ_BYTE_DS:LCALLSTART_BIT_DSMOVA,#11010000BMOVR4,#8;DEM SO BITLCALLXOAY_DSLCALLSLAVE_ACK_DSMOVA,DC_BYTE_DSMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAY_DSLCALLSLAVE_ACK_DSLCALLSTART_BIT_DSMOVA,#11010001BMOVR4,#8LCALLXOAY_DSLCALLSLAVE_ACK_DSMOVR4,#8READ_DATA_DS:SETBSCL_DSNOPMOVC,SDA_DSCLRSCL_DSMOVA,BYTE_READ_DSRLCAMOVBYTE_READ_DS,ADJNZR4,READ_DATA_DSLCALLNO_ACK_DSLCALLSTOP_BIT_DSRET;---------------------START_BIT_DS:SETBSCL_DS ;NOP ;NOP SETBSDA_DS NOP CLRSDA_DS NOP ;NOP CLRSCL_DS ;NOP RET;---------------------STOP_BIT_DS:;NOP CLRSDA_DS ;NOP ;NOP SETBSCL_DS NOP SETBSDA_DS ;NOP ;NOP RET;--------------------XOAY_DS:CLRSCL_DS;NOP;NOPRLCAMOVSDA_DS,CNOP;NOPSETBSCL_DSNOP;NOPDJNZR4,XOAY_DSRET;----------------------SLAVE_ACK_DS:CLRSCL_DS NOP SETBSDA_DS NOP ;NOP SETBSCL_DS MOVC,SDA_DS ;NOP CLRSCL_DS RET;----------------------NO_ACK_DS:SETBSDA_DS;NOP;NOPSETBSCL_DSNOP;NOPCLRSCL_DSRET;-----------------------

;------------------------DISPLAY:ngay:movDPTR, #TABLEMOV A, 64HSWAP AANLA, #0FHmovc A, @A + DPTR CALL SEND_595movA, 64H ANLa, #0FH movc A, @A + DPTRCALL SEND_595;thang:;movDPTR, #TABLE;MOV A, 65H;SWAP A;ANLA, #0FH;movcA, @A + DPTR ;CALL SEND_595;movA, 65H ;ANLa, #0FH ;movcA, @A + DPTR;CALL SEND_595

gio:movDPTR, #TABLEMOV A, 62HSWAP AANLA, #0FHmovc A, @A + DPTR CALL SEND_595movA, 62H ANLa, #0FH movc A, @A + DPTRCALL SEND_595

phut:movDPTR, #TABLEMOV A, 61HSWAP AANLA, #0FHmovc A, @A + DPTR CALL SEND_595movA, 61H ANLa, #0FH movc A, @A + DPTRCALL SEND_595sec:movDPTR, #TABLEMOV A, 60HSWAP AANLA, #0FHmovc A, @A + DPTR CALL SEND_595movA, 60H ANLa, #0FH movc A, @A + DPTRCALL SEND_595

CLR P1.3 ; xung latchNOP SETB P1.3

RET;---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE: DB 0FCH,60H,0DAH,0F2H,66H,0B6H,0BEH,0E0H,0FEH, 0F6H;-------------------------SEND_595:MOV R0, #8CLR Cloop2:RRC AMOV P1.2, C ; dataCLR P1.4 ; xung clock NOPSETB P1.4DJNZ R0, loop2RET 9.4. Hm qut led hin th gi vng (V.):

HAM_DA:MOVR1,#30HMOVR7,#32HAM_DA_LOOP1:LCALLGOIBIT0DJNZR7,HAM_DA_LOOP1QUET:CLRSTLCALLGOIBIT1NOPMOVP0,@R1SETBSTLCALLDELAYMOVR4,#31QUET_LOOP1:INCR1CLRSTLCALLGOIBIT0NOPCJNER1,#40H,QUET_LOOP2MOVR1,#48HQUET_LOOP2:MOVP0,@R1SETBSTLCALLDELAYDJNZR4,QUET_LOOP1MOVR1,#30HRET;---------------------------------GOIBIT1:CLRSHNOPNOPSETBCMOVDS1,CNOPNOPSETBSHRETGOIBIT0:CLRSHNOPNOPCLRCMOVDS1,CNOPNOPSETBSHRET10. Nhn xt chung sn phm:Sn phm chy khng n nh, IC thi gian thc DS1307 lc dao ng lc khng.Mt s tnh nng cha th hon thin, mch cn nhiu sai xt.11. Gii thiu cc linh kin chnh s dng trong mch:11.1. VK 89c51:

89C51 l mt vi iu khin 8 Bit, ch to theo cng ngh CMOS cht lng cao, vi 4 KB EEPROM (Flash Programmable and erasable read only memory). Thit b ny c ch to bng cch s dng b nh khng bc hi mt cao ca ATMEL v tng thch vi chun cng nghip MCS 51 v tp lnh v cc chn ra. ATMEL AT89C51 l mt vi iu khin mnh (c cng sut ln) m n cung cp mt s linh ng cao v gii php v gi c i vi nhiu ng dng v iu khin. Cc c im ca 89C51 c tm tt nh sau: * 4 KB b nh c th lp trnh li nhanh. * Tn s hot ng t: 0Hz n 24 MHz. * 2 b Timer/counter 16 Bit * 128 Byte RAM ni * 4 Port xut/ nhp I/O 8 bt * Giao tip ni tip * 64 KB vng nh m ngoi * 64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi * X l Boolean (hot ng trn bit n) * 210 v tr nh c th nh v bit.

S khi MSC-51

T chc b nh- B nh trong 89C51 bao gm ROM v RAM. RAM trong 89C51 bao gm nhiu thnh phn: phn lu tr a dng, phn lu tr a ch ha tng bit, cc bank thanh ghi v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit. - 89C51 c b nh theo cu trc Harvard: c nhng vng b nh ring bit cho chng trnh v d liu. Chng trnh v d liu c th cha bn trong 89C51 nhng 89C51 vn c th kt ni vi 64K byte b nh chng trnh v 64K byte d liu.

a. RAM a dng: Mc d trn hnh v cho thy 80 byte a dng chim cc a ch t 30H n 7FH, 32 byte di t 00H n 1FH cng c th dng vi mc ch tng t (mc d cc a ch ny c mc ch khc). - Mi a ch trong vng RAM a dng u c th truy xut t do dng kiu a ch trc tip hoc gin tip. b. RAM c th truy xut tng bit: - 89C51 cha 210 bit c a ch ha, trong c 128 bit c cha cc byte c cha cc a ch t 20F n 2FH v cc bit cn li cha trong nhm thanh ghi c chc nng c bit. - tng truy xut tng bit bng phn mm l cc c tnh mnh ca microcontroller x l chung. Cc bit c th c t, xa, AND, OR, ..., vi 1 lnh n. a s cc microcontroller x l i hi mt chui lnh c sa ghi t c mc ch tng t. Ngoi ra cc port cng c th truy xut c tng bit. + 128 bit truy xut tng bit ny cng c th truy xut nh cc byte hoc nh cc bit ph thuc vo lnh c dng. c. Cc bank thanh ghi: - 32 byte thp ca b nh ni c dnh cho cc bank thanh ghi. B lnh 89C51 h tr 8 thanh ghi c tn l R0 n R7 v theo mc nh sau khi reset h thng, cc thanh ghi ny c cc a ch t 00H n 07H. - Cc lnh dng cc thanh ghi R0 n R7 s ngn hn v nhanh hn so vi cc lnh c chc nng tng ng dng kiu a ch trc tip. Cc d liu c dng thng xuyn nn dng mt trong cc thanh ghi ny. - Do c 4 bank thanh ghi nn ti mt thi im ch c mt bank thanh ghi c truy xut bi cc thanh ghi R0 n R7 chuyn i vic truy xut cc bank thanh ghi ta phi thay i cc bit chn bank trong thanh ghi trng thi.11.2. MAX 485:

- Chn 8: chn cp ngun Vcc = 5v. - Chn 5: GND. - Chn 6 (A) v 7 (B): l 2 ng in p Va v Vb ca chun RS485. - Chn 1 (RO): ng ra in p TTL. - Chn 2 (RE\): cho php chuyn i t RS485 sang TTL. - Chn 3 (DE): cho php chuyn i t TTL sang RS485. - Chn 4: ng vo in p TTL. Hot ng: Nu p ti A ln hn B 0.2V th b nhn s hiu y l mc logic 1, ngc li s hiu l mc logic 0. Nu chnh lch gia A v B nh hn 0.2V, mc logic s khng c xc nh. S khc nhau v yu cu in p ti b truyn v b nhn to ra gii hn nhiu khong 1.3V, tn hiu vi sai c th mo dng hoc c xung nhiu bng 1.3V v to b nhn vn nhn c ng mc logic. 11.3. DS1307:DS1307 l chip ng h thi gian thc (RTC : Real-time clock), khi nim thi gian thc y c dng vi ngha thi gian tuyt i m con ngi ang s dng, tnh bng giy, pht, giDS1307 l mt sn phm ca Dallas Semiconductor (mt cng ty thuc Maxim Integrated Products). Chip ny c 7 thanh ghi 8-bit cha thi gian l: giy, pht, gi, th (trong tun), ngy, thng, nm. Ngoi ra DS1307 cn c 1 thanh ghi iu khin ng ra ph v 56 thanh ghi trng c th dng nh RAM. DS1307 c c v ghi thng qua giao din ni tip I2C (TWI ca AVR) nn cu to bn ngoi rt n gin. DS1307 xut hin 2 gi SOIC v DIP c 8 chn nh trong hnh 1.

Hnh 1. Hai gi cu to chip DS1307. Cc chn ca DS1307 c m t nh sau:-X1vX2: l 2 ng kt ni vi 1 thch anh 32.768KHz lm ngun to dao ng cho chip. -VBAT: cc dng ca mt ngun pin 3V nui chip. -GND: chn mass chung cho c pin 3V v Vcc. -Vcc: ngun cho giao din I2C, thng l 5V v dng chung vi vi iu khin. Ch l nu Vcc khng c cp ngun nhng VBAT c cp th DS1307 vn ang hot ng (nhng khng ghi v c c). -SQW/OUT: mt ng ph to xung vung (Square Wave / Output Driver), tn s ca xung c to c th c lp trnh. Nh vy chn ny hu nh khng lin quan n chc nng ca DS1307 l ng h thi gian thc, chng ta s b trng chn ny khi ni mch.-SCL v SDAl 2 ng giao xung nhp v d liu ca giao din I2C m chng ta tm hiu trong bi TWI ca AVR.

T chc b nh ca DS1307.

T chc cc thanh ghi thi gian.Thanh ghi giy (SECONDS): thanh ghi ny l thanh ghi u tin trong b nh ca DS1307, a ch ca n l 0x00. Bn bit thp ca thanh ghi ny cha m BCD 4-bit ca ch s hng n v ca gi tr giy. Do gi tr cao nht ca ch s hng chc l 5 (khng c giy 60 !) nn ch cn 3 bit (cc bit SECONDS6:4) l c th m ha c (s 5 =101, 3 bit). Bit cao nht, bit 7, trong thanh ghi ny l 1 iu khin c tn CH (Clock halt treo ng h), nu bit ny c set bng 1 b dao ng trong chip b v hiu ha, ng h khng hot ng. V vy, nht thit phi reset bit ny xung 0 ngay t u.Thanh ghi pht (MINUTES): c a ch 0x01, cha gi tr pht ca ng h. Tng t thanh ghi SECONDS, ch c 7 bit ca thanh ghi ny c dng lu m BCD ca pht, bit 7 lun lun bng 0.Thanh ghi gi (HOURS): c th ni y l thanh ghi phc tp nht trong DS1307. Thanh ghi ny c a ch 0x02. Trc ht 4-bits thp ca thanh ghi ny c dng cho ch s hng n v ca gi. Do DS1307 h tr 2 loi h thng hin th gi (gi l mode) l 12h (1h n 12h) v 24h (1h n 24h) gi, bit6 (mugreentrong hnh 4) xc lp h thng gi. Nu bit6=0 th h thng 24h c chn, khi 2 bit cao 5 v 4 dng m ha ch s hng chc ca gi tr gi. Do gi tr ln nht ca ch s hng chc trong trng hp ny l 2 (=10, nh phn) nn 2 bit 5 v 4 l m ha. Nu bit6=1 th h thng 12h c chn, vi trng hp ny ch c bit 4 dng m ha ch s hng chc ca gi, bit 5 (muorangetrong hnh 4) ch bui trong ngy, AM hoc PM. Bit5 =0 l AM v bit5=1 l PM. Bit 7 lun bng 0. (thit k ny hi d, nu di hn 2 bit mode v A-P sang 2 bit 7 v 6 th s n gin hn).Thanh ghi th (DAY ngy trong tun): nm a ch 0x03. Thanh ghi DAY ch mang gi tr t 1 n 7 tng ng t Ch nht n th 7 trong 1 tun. V th, ch c 3 bit thp trong thanh ghi ny c ngha.Cc thanh ghi cn li c cu trc tng t,DATEcha ngy trong thng (1 n 31),MONTHcha thng (1 n 12) vYEARcha nm (00 n 99). Ch , DS1307 ch dng cho 100 nm, nn gi tr nm ch c 2 ch s, phn u ca nm do ngi dng t thm vo (v d 20xx).11.4. Eeprom 24c64:Loi chip ny c b nh 8K x 8 (64 Kbit), giao tip chun I2C, kh nng ghi xa 100000 ln .S ghp ni :

Trong cc chn A0 -> A2 chn chip, nu c 1 chip th ni gnd .Chn 7 WR cho php ghi c tch cc mc thp -> ni gnd.a ch chip trn bus I2C mc nh l l 0xa0.a ch d liu l thanh ghi 16 bit bt u t a ch 00000 n 0xffff. Vic ghi c phi tch ra thc hin thnh 2 gi tr 8 bit. Ghi phn gi tr cao trc, thp sau.

11.5. IC dch 74HC595:S chn:

Gii thch ngha hot ng ca mt s chn quan trng:InputChn 14 : u vo d liu ni tip . Ti 1 thi im xung clock ch a vo c 1 bitOutputQA=>QH : trn cc chn (15,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)Xut d liu khi chn chn 13 tch cc mc thp v c mt xung tch cc sn m ti chn cht 12Output-enableChn 13 : Chn cho php tch cc mc thp (0) .Khi mc cao, tt c cc u ra ca 74595 tr v trng thi cao tr, khng c u ra no c cho php.SQHChn 9: Chn d liu ni tip . Nu dng nhiu 74595 mc ni tip nhau th chn ny a vo u vo ca con tip theo khi dch 8bit.Shift clockChn 11: Chn vo xung clock . Khi c 1 xung clock tch cc sn dng(t 0 ln 1) th 1bit c dch vo ic.Latch clockChn 12 : xung clock cht d liu . Khi c 1 xung clock tch cc sn dng th cho php xut d liu trn cc chn output . lu c th xut d liu bt k lc no bn mun ,v d u vo chn 14 dc 2 bit khi c xung clock chn 12 th d liu s ra chn Qa v Qb (ch chiu dch d liu t Qa=>Qh)ResetChn 10: khi chn ny mc thp(mc 0) th d liu s b xa trn chip)S hot ng ca chp :

Bng thng s chip:

y l ic u ra hot ng 2 mc 0 &1 dng ra tm 35mA . in p hot ng