Trypanosoma cruzi, Cancer, and the Cold War 1. 2.
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Transcript of Trypanosoma cruzi, Cancer, and the Cold War 1. 2.
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Trypanosoma cruzi, Cancer,
and the Cold War 1
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Grigorii Roskin, c1930
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The discoverers of “KR” preparation: Nina Kliueva and Grigorii Roskin, 19464
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New York Times headlines, 1946
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Parin and Soviet oncologists in the US Surgeon General Office6
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N. Kliueva and G. Roskin
Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors
1946
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New York Times, 1947, 18 January, p. 2.
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Murray J. Shear Theodore S. Hauschka
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Kliueva and Roskin’s new institute for studies on KR, c19509
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June 25, 1948: Experiment IV (left); Controls IV (right)10
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Lankenau hospital, Philadelphia
National Cancer Institute (NCI)Bethesda, MD
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Murray J. Shear Theodore S. Hauschka
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“Cruzin” and “Trypanoza”
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H. R. A. Cabral Institute de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
The tumoricidal effect of Trypanosoma cruzi: its intracellular cycle and the immune response of the host
Medical Hypotheses (2000) 54(1), 1–6
V. D. Kallinikova † , Z. Batmonch, E. G. Kravtsov, L. P. Karpenko, L. V. Pachorukova, and T. A. OgloblinaDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, Moscow State UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia;
Antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi Accompanying the Antitumoral Action of Lysed Epimastigotes in vivo
Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, 2008, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 72–76.
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1. Trypanosomes might disorganize the metabolism of the infected organism and, thus, inhibit the development of tumors, which, according to a belief common at that time, required a large and possibly specific supply of materials from the host-organism.
2. Like malariotherapy, trypanosome infection might stimulate a non-specific immunological reaction that, in turn, could affect implanted tumors.
3. Trypanosomes might intrude into tumorous cells and directly destroy them.
4. Either trypanosomes excreted certain toxins that had a directly destructive effect on tumorous cells, or the host-organism produced antibodies against trypanosomes (or their toxins), which, at the same time, appear co-active against tumorous cells.
Each one or any combination of the four hypothetical factors might play a role in the inhibition of tumor transplants by trypanosome infection.
TRYPANOSOMES AND THE BIOTHERAPY OF TUMORS