TRC LI BO HIM TRONG VN TI NG BIN

KHOA KINH T - LUT

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

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TRC LI BO HIM TRONG VN TI NG BIN

GVHD: Thc s Hong Lm CngNhm thc hin: Nhm Hamburg1. inh Ngc Hiu K07 402 0304

2. Trn Khng Khnh K07 402 0309

3. Dng Th Bch Ngc K07 402 0335

4. Nguyn Hong M Nguyn K07 402 0339

5. Bi Th Hi Nhn K07 402 0340

6. Th Ngc Thnh K07 402 0367

7. Nguyn Bnh Phng Uyn K07 402 0384

8. Nguyn Xun K07 402 0388

TP H CH MINH, THNG 5 NM 2010

Chng 1

KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM V TRC LI BO HIM

I. CC KHI NIM C BN TRONG BO HIM

1. Bo him (Insurance)

C nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v bo him nhng nh ngha sau c tha nhn mt cch rng ri:

Bo him l s cam kt bi thng ca ngi bo him i vi ngi c bo him v nhng tn tht ca i tng bo him do nhng ri ro c tha thun gy ra vi iu kin ngi c bo him thu bo him cho i tng v np mt khon tin gi l ph bo him.

Nh vy, bn cht ca bo him l s phn chia ri ro, tn tht ca mt hay ca mt s ngi cho c cng ng tham gia bo him cng gnh chu.

2. Ngi bo him (Insurer)

L ngi k kt hp ng vi ngi c bo him, nhn ri ro tn tht v pha mnh v c hng mt khon ph bo him.

3. Ngi c bo him (Insured)

L ngi c quyn li bo him c mt cng ty bo him m bo. Ngi c quyn li bo him l ngi m khi c s c bo him xy ra th dn h n mt tn tht, mt trch nhim php l hay lm mt i ca h nhng quyn li c php lut tha nhn.4. i tng bo him (Subject matter insured)

L i tng m v n ngi ta phi k kt hp ng bo him. i tng bo him gm ba nhm chnh: ti sn, con ngi v trch nhim dn s.

Trong ti ny, chng ta ch nghin cu v bo him ti sn.

5. Tr gi bo him (Insurance value)

L gi tr ca ti sn v cc chi ph hp l khc c lin quan nh ph bo him, cc ph vn ti, li d tnh.

6. S tin bo him (Insurance amount)

L s tin m ngi c bo him k khai v c ngi bo him chp nhn.

S tin bo him c th nh hn, bng hoc ln hn gi tr bo him. Nu s tin bo him nh hn tr gi bo him th gi l bo him di gi tr, bng tr gi bo him th gi l bo him trn gi tr. Khi bo him ln hn gi tr th phn ln hn vn c th phi np ph bo him nhng khng c bi thng khi tn tht xy ra.

7. Ph bo him (Insurance Premium)

L mt t l phn trm nht nh ca tr gi bo him hay s tin bo him. Ph bo him chnh l khon tin m ngi c bo him phi tr cho ngi bo him i tng bo him ca mnh c bo him.

8. T l ph bo him (Insurance rate)

L mt t l phn trm nht nh thng do cc cng ty bo him cng b. T l ph bo him c tnh da vo thng k ri ro tn tht trong nhiu nm. Xc sut xy ra ri ro cng ln th t l ph bo him cng cao.

Cc cng ty bo him thng cng b bng t l ph bo him cho tng nghip v bo him.

9. Ri ro (Risk)

L nhng e da nguy him m con ngi khng lng trc c, l nguyn nhn gy nn tn tht cho i tng bo him. V d nh: Tu mc cn, m, chy, m va, chin tranh, nh cng

10. Tn tht (Loss, Average, Damage)

L s mt mt, h hi do ri ro gy nn. V d : Tu b m, hng b t, tu m phi ngm, hng b v

II. KINH DOANH BO HIM1. Kinh doanh bo him

Kinh doanh bo him l hot ng ca doanh nghip bo him nhm mc ch sinh li, theo doanh nghip bo him chp nhn ri ro ca ngi c bo him, trn c s bn mua bo him ng ph bo him doanh nghip bo him tr tin bo him cho ngi th hng hoc bi thng cho ngi c bo him khi xy ra s kin bo him.2. Bo him ti sn

Bo him ti sn l loi hnh bo him, theo , doanh nghip bo him tin hnh thu ph bo him ca bn mua bo him v cam kt bi thng cho bn c bo him khi ti sn mua bo him gp nhng ri ro trong phm vi bo him dn n tn tht.III. TRC LI BO HIM

1. Khi nim

Vi nhng khi nim trn, hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip bo him c thc hin trn c s doanh nghip bo him chp nhn ri ro ca ngi c bo him i li h c quyn thu nhng khon ph nht nh t ngi mua bo him. Khi doanh nghip bo him thu ph ca bn mua bo him cng ng ngha vi vic doanh nghip bo him s phi gnh chu mt mc trch nhim i vi ngi c bo him tng ng mc ph bo him thu. y l yu t chng minh rng, quan h kinh doanh bo him l quan h x hi mang tnh cht song v, quyn li bn ny cng chnh l ngha v ca bn kia v ngc li. Tham gia vo quan h bo him, cc bn nhm mc ch hp tc vi nhau t c nhng li ch nht nh. thit lp nn quan h mang tnh hp tc, tng tr ny, bn mua bo him v doanh nghip bo him phi tun th cam kt: khng c c thc hin nhng hnh vi c th gy thit hi cho pha i tc. Nh vy, nhng hnh vi la di nhm gy thit hi cho pha bn kia t c nhng quyn li ti chnh nht nh trong quan h bo him, chng ta c th coi l vic kim li bt hp php.

Theo quy nh ti Thng t 31/2004/TT-BTC ca B Ti chnh hng dn thc hin Ngh nh 118 v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc kinh doanh bo him th: Trc li bo him l hnh vi c la di ca t chc, c nhn nhm thu li bt chnh khi tham gia bo him, bi thng bo him, tr tin bo him v gii quyt khiu ni bo him.Nh vy, ni n trc li bo him l phi ni n hnh vi ca t chc, c nhn c thc hin mt cch c nhm thu li bt chnh. Nhn dng hnh vi trc li bo him phi ch trng n vic t chc, c nhn tham gia vo quan h bo him (bao gm bi thng bo him, tr tin bo him, gii quyt khiu ni bo him) nhm thu li bt chnh cho mnh. T chc, c nhn c cp trong khi nim trc li bo him trn y c th l bn mua bo him, bn c bo him hoc doanh nghip bo him, thm ch c th l hnh vi gian ln trong bo him ca i l bo him v doanh nghip mi gii bo him. Cho d l t chc, c nhn no i chng na, nhng nu mun thc hin c hnh vi trc li bo him, th cc ch th ny cng phi tham gia vo quan h kinh doanh bo him.

Tm li, chng ta c th khng nh: Trc li bo him l hnh vi kim li bt hp php ca cc ch th tham gia vo quan h kinh doanh bo him.

Tng t nh vy, trc li bo him ti sn l vic cc bn tham gia vo quan h bo him ti sn nhm thc hin cc hnh vi la di c hng quyn li ti chnh m l ra mnh khng c hng hoc hng li ln hn quyn li ti chnh m mnh c hng.

2. Cc dng trc li bo hima. Khai tng gi tr gi tn tht

Hnh vi ny thng c thc hin bng cch li dng tn tht xy ra lm h hng thm ti sn c bo him nhm c tr tin bi thng cao hn, hoc lm h hng ton b ti sn c bo him c bi thng ti sn c tr gi ln hn. Mt cch khc l tn tht t, l ra khng c bi thng, nhng lm cho tn tht vt qu mc min thng c bi thng.

V d: Hp ng bo him hng ha bng ng bin quy nh: Mc min thng l 0,35% trch nhim qua cn ti cng. Trn thc t, trng lng hng ha b thiu l 0,34% nn khng c bi thng. Bn mua bo him c th trc li bo him qua vic tm cch nng con s ny ln trn 0,35% c bi thng.

b. xy ra tn tht mi i mua bo him

Hnh thc trc li bo him ny khng phi l him. i tng bo him (my mc, phng tin vn chuyn) b tn tht tc l s kin bo him xy ra, bn mua bo him mi i giao kt hp ng bo him c bi thng hoc c tr tin bo him.

V d: Tu bin b m, ton b hng ha b tn tht, ch hng mi i mua bo him. Thc t cho thy, c khi ngi bn bo him khng bit l tu b m, nhng phn ln l c s bt tay bn vi nhau ghi ngy giao kt hp ng bo him trc ngy xy ra m tu, lm cho hp ng bo him c gi tr php l. ng ra l hp ng ny v hiu v s kin bo him xy ra, i tng bo him ( y l hng ha) khng cn tn ti (iu 22, Lut Kinh doanh bo him).

c. Bo him trng Bo him trng l vic bn mua bo him giao kt hp ng bo him vi hai doanh nghip bo him tr ln bo him cho cng mt i tng, vi cng iu kin v s kin bo him. Trong trng hp ny (bo him trng), theo Lut Kinh doanh bo him th khi xy ra s kin bo him mi doanh nghip bo him ch chu trch nhim bi thng theo t l gia s tin bo him tha thun trn tng s tin bo him ca tt c cc hp ng m bn mua bo him giao kt. Tng s tin bi thng ca cc doanh nghip bo him khng vt qu gi tr thit hi thc t ca ti sn. Khi xy ra tn tht cho ti sn m ri ro gy ra tn tht thuc phm vi bo him v trong thi gian c hiu lc ca hp ng bo him, do cc doanh nghip bo him khng bit bn tham gia bo him bt c nhiu tay nn cng tr tin bo him m kt qu l bn mua bo him c bi thng gp nhiu ln tr gi ti sn.

V d: Mt ti sn tr gi 10 t ng c mua bo him 3 doanh nghip bo him vi s tin bo him mi doanh nghip l 10 t ng. Khi c tn tht ton b, 3 cng ty phi tr 30 t ng, trong khi l ra ch phi cng nhau chi tr tng cng l 10 t ng.d. C gy tn tht cho i tng bo him

y l hnh thc trc li bo him rt tinh vi, c kin thc nghip v cao v bo him, c chun b k lng, s tin trc li thng ln, rt kh iu tra hoc tm ra c s tht th tn nhiu cng sc, tin ca. Mt cch kh ph bin l tm cch hy hoi ti sn trong mt hon cnh c dn dng nh tht. V d nh c nh m tu bin trong mt tnh hung c to ra rt hp l (thi tit xu, hng my, c m va). Tt nhin l k trc li nm vng mi iu khon ca hp ng bo him chc chn ri ro khng nm trong trng hp loi tr trch nhim bo him theo tha thun trong hp ng khng b t chi bi thng. Kiu trc li ny rt nguy him, vi hu qu nghim trng v mt ti chnh cho doanh nghip bo him khi c thng ng gia bn mua bo him v nhng con su trong doanh nghip bo him nng gi tr ti sn c bo him trc khi tham gia bo him.

V d: Mt tu bin tr gi 30 triu -la, c bt tay nng ln 32 triu -la; sau tu b m rt hp l v ngu nhin, s tin bo him phi tr l 32 triu -la (gian ln 2 triu -la!). Mt cch lm khc l thay th nhng thit b t tin ca ti sn c bo him bng nhng rm sau hy hoi ti sn . D nhin l s tin bi thng s c tnh cho xn nh khi tham gia bo him. Cch trc li ny thng xy ra vi cc ti sn c gi tr cao, c lp t thit b t tin nh tu thy, xe chuyn dng

e. Khai ngy xy ra s kin bo him trc thi hn hp ng

Hp ng bo him phi c thi hn bo him, tc l nu trong khong thi gian c s kin bo him xy ra th doanh nghip bo him phi tr tin bo him cho ngi th hng hoc bi thng cho ngi c bo him.

V d: Mt Giy chng nhn bo him mt-xe my c ghi thi hn bo him: 24 thng, t 8 gi 50 pht ngy 28-9-2005 n 8 gi 50 pht ngy 28-9-2007. Nu tai nn cho ngi i xe my xy ra ngy 29-9-2007 th k trc li bo him s o din sao cho tai nn xy ra trc 8 gi 50 pht ngy 28-9-2007.

f. Lp h s giCch trc li ny thng phi c tay trong cc doanh nghip bo him v bt tay vi ng dy sa cha i tng bo him l ti sn nh phng tin vn ti, my mc, thit b Tuy khng c tn tht thc t i vi i tng bo him nhng vn c y chng t hp l (ha n sa cha, mua vt t, ph tng) vi y ch k tht, du tht, chng t tht hon ton nhng ch c s tht l gi.

g. To dng hin trng gi

Trc li bo him theo cch ny thng biu hin vic to ra mt hin trng nh tht.

V d: Gi v b mt cp hng ha th kha ca kho b ph, nim phong hm hng b m, mi kho b d ra

C trng hp cn ng kch l b cp ti sn, b tri, nht gi vo ming; t t nh kho sau khi tu tn ti sn, thay hng ha, phng tin vn chuyn b h hng nhng khng tham gia bo him bng hng ha, phng tin vn chuyn c tham gia bo him lp s , bn nh, bn v nhm hp l ha h s.

V d: nh tro bin s ca xe t khng tham gia bo him nhng b tai nn bng bin s ca xe c tham gia bo him nhng khng b tai nn Trong bo him nhn th, xy ra vic t gy thng tch nh gy chn, tay, v u sau khi tham gia bo him vi s tin bo him rt ln, nhng khi doanh nghip bo him nghi ng, phi hp vi cnh st giao thng dng li hin trng tai nn th thy khng th gy chn, tay, v u c v khai l do ng xe my m xe v mt ng khng c mt vt xy st no v khai thi gian ng vo gi tan tm m li khng c ai trng thy lm chng.

Chng 2QUY NH CA PHP LUT V CHNG TRC LI BO HIM

I. QUY NH PHP LUT V NGHA V CUNG CP THNG TIN CA BN MUA BO HIM V DOANH NGHIP BO HIM TRONG QUAN H PHP LUT BO HIMC s hnh thnh nn quy nh php lut v ngha v cung cp thng tin trong quan h thng mi ni chung, l tt c cc giao dch kinh doanh cn thc hin trn c s tin cy ln nhau. Trong thc t, iu c ngha l cc bn khi tham gia vo cc hot ng kinh doanh khng c php c bt k hnh vi gian ln hay mu toan la o no. iu ny khng c ngha rng, ngi bn phi c ngha v ch ra cc khim khuyt i vi sn phm m h bn ra. Tuy nhin, khi gii thiu, thng bo hoc tr li cu hi, ngi bn hng phi a ra nhng cu tr li trung thc.

Trong quan h bo him ti sn, t c li ch ca mnh, cc bn tham gia cn phi tun th trit nguyn tc ny. S d chng ta khng nh nh vy, bi v, sn phm ca hot ng kinh doanh bo him mang tnh kh c th, l sn phm mang tnh tru tng th hin vic ti thi im giao kt hp ng, cc bn u hon ton khng th bit trc c sn phm m hai bn tha thun mua bn c hnh thnh trong tng lai hay khng. Tc l, doanh nghip bo him th khng th bit c trch nhim ca mnh i vi sn phm mnh bn ra c pht sinh hay khng, ngc li, bn c bo him cng khng th bit c ti sn mnh mua bo him c th b tn tht hay khng. Nh vy, khc vi cc giao dch mua bn thng thng c i tng mua bn l hng ha, cc bn c th nhn thy c hng ha m mnh tham gia mua bn, trong bo him ti sn, yu t ny s c hnh thnh trong tng lai, tuy nhin c th hnh thnh hoc khng, ph thuc vo vic ri ro c xy ra hay khng v c trong phm vi bo him m hai bn cam kt hay khng.

Ngoi ra, cn phi k n mt c th: hot ng kinh doanh bo him l hot ng mang tnh nghip v cao, k thut bo him ti sn mang tnh tru tng v kh hiu. Cc quy tc, iu khon bo him cha ng nhng thut ng chuyn ngnh thng kh hiu, nn dn n vic mt s khch hng d c gng n my vn khng th hiu r ni dung ca n. Nh vy, nu thiu s cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n hp ng bo him, bn mua bo him kh c th i n quyt nh giao kt hp ng.Ti im a, Khon 2 iu 17 Lut Kinh doanh bo him (Lut KDBH) quy nh: Doanh nghip bo him c ngha v gii thch cho bn mua bo him v cc iu kin, iu khon bo him, quyn v ngha v ca bn mua bo him. Khon 1 iu 19 Lut KDBH cng quy nh: Khi giao kt hp ng bo him, doanh nghip bo him c trch nhim cung cp y thng tin lin quan n hp ng bo him, gii thch cc iu kin, iu khon bo him cho bn mua bo him, doanh nghip bo him phi chu trch nhim v tnh chnh xc, trung thc ca thng tin . Ngc li, bn mua bo him khi tham gia quan h bo him cng phi cng b cc thng tin lin quan n ti sn m mnh mua bo him. Theo quy nh ti im b, Khon 2 iu 18, Lut KDBH th: Bn mua bo him c ngha v k khai y , trung thc mi chi tit c lin quan n hp ng bo him theo yu cu ca doanh nghip bo him. V m bo nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i ca hot ng kinh doanh bo him, bn mua bo him cng phi chu trch nhim v tnh chnh xc, trung thc ca nhng thng tin m h a ra. Tuy nhin, nh trnh by, ch c doanh nghip bo him l ngi bit r nht sn phm bo him m mnh thit k, bao gm nhng thng tin no l cn thit cho vic hnh thnh nn quan h hp ng bo him, do vy, php lut cho php bn mua bo him ch phi cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n hp ng bo him theo yu cu ca doanh nghip bo him m thi. Nh vy, nu vic khng cung cp thng tin t pha bn mua bo him l do doanh nghip bo him khng yu cu, th doanh nghip bo him cng khng c p dng trng hp ny n phng nh ch thc hin hp ng theo quy nh ti Khon 2 iu 19, Lut KDBH v trch nhim cung cp thng tin.

trnh nhng tranh chp xy ra trong vic thc hin quy nh ca php lut v ngha v cung cp trong quan h bo him ti sn, theo chng ti, trc khi giao kt hp ng, cc bn cn thit phi lp bin bn ghi r nhng ni dung m doanh nghip bo him yu cu cng nh nhng thng tin m bn mua bo him cung cp cho doanh nghip bo him. Bi l, tham gia vo quan h kinh doanh bo him cn c cc ch th trung gian l cc i l bo him v doanh nghip mi gii bo him, nu cc ch th ny - v quyn li ca mnh m khng ch trng n vic thc hin quy nh ca php lut v ngha v cung cp thng tin - c th gy bt li cho doanh nghip bo him v bn mua bo him. Theo quy nh ca php lut th i l bo him l ch th thay mt doanh nghip bo him trong vic thu xp giao kt hp ng bo him cn doanh nghip mi gii bo him l ch th thc hin cc cng vic lin quan n quan h bo him theo yu cu ca bn mua bo him.

II. QUY NH V GII HN BI THNGMc ch ca bo him ti sn l khi phc li tnh trng ti chnh ban u cho ngi c bo him ngay sau khi tn tht xy ra. S khi phc ny c gi l bi thng. Trong quan h bo him ti sn, thut ng bi thng ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, n xc nh phm vi trch nhim ti chnh ca doanh nghip bo him. Bi thng l c ch m cng ty bo him s dng cung cp khon ti chnh vi mc ch hon tr cho ngi c bo him nhng g mt do vic ti sn bo him gp tn tht trong phm vi ri ro c bo him. Nh vy, c th khng nh, bi thng c coi l s n b chnh xc v ti chnh, khi phc tnh trng ti chnh ban u ca ngi c bo him nh trc khi xy ra tn tht.

Trong hp ng bo him ti sn, mt trong nhng ni dung m cc bn khng th b qua, l, phi xc nh mi lin h gia bi thng v quyn li c bo him. Mi lin h ny th hin quyn li ti chnh ca ngi c bo him i vi ti sn bo him. Khi s kin bo him xy ra, s tin m doanh nghip bo him tr cho ngi c bo him khng c vt qu mc quyn li ti chnh ca ngi i vi ti sn bo him. iu ny cng c ngha rng, ngi tham gia bo him ti sn khng c kim li qua con ng bo him, nhiu nht ngi bo him cng ch c bi thng nhng g mnh mt ch khng th nhiu hn nhng g mt.

Qun trit nguyn tc bi thng trong bo him ti sn, Lut KDBH quy nh v cn c bi thng ti iu 46 nh sau: S tin bi thng m doanh nghip bo him phi tr cho ngi c bo him c xc nh trn c s gi th trng ca ti sn ti thi im, ni xy ra tn tht v mc thit hi thc t v s tin bi thng m doanh nghip bo him tr cho ngi c bo him khng vt qu s tin bo him.Vi quy nh v gii hn bi thng trn y, chng ti xin c mt s nhn xt nh sau:Th nht, php lut quy nh, cn c xem xt bi thng trong quan h bo him ti sn l gi th trng ca ti sn c bo him ti thi im, ni xy ra tn tht v mc thit hi thc t. Tuy nhin, vn xc nh gi th trng l mt vic kh kh khn. S d chng ti a ra nhn xt trn y v gi th trng thng tnh c i vi nhng ti sn cn mi, trong khi , ti sn ri vo trng hp bo him phi l ti sn qua s dng. V vy, vic xc nh thit hi thc t xy ra i vi ti sn bo him ch mang tnh c on. thc hin c iu khon v cn c bi thng, doanh nghip bo him v bn mua bo him phi thng nht v cch thc v bin php xc nh gi tr ca ti sn bo him ti thi im v ni xy ra tn tht.Th hai, mc ch ca iu 46 l nhm chng trc li bo him trong khi li cho php cc bn tha thun v s tin bi thng m khng da vo cn c bi thng. Quy nh ny v hnh trung lm gim tnh nghim minh ca php lut. V vy, ti Khon 1 v 2 iu 46 nn b cm t tr trng hp c tha thun khc trong hp ng bo him m bo mc ch chng trc li cng nh m bo tnh thng nht v nghim minh ca php lut.

III. Quy nh ca php lut v bo him trng

Bo him trng l trng hp bn mua bo him giao kt hp ng bo him vi hai doanh nghip bo him tr ln bo him cho cng mt i tng vi cng iu kin v s kin bo him. Php lut khng cm bn mua bo him mua bo him trng cho ti sn bi v y l quyn nh ot ca ch s hu i vi ti sn. Tc l, ch ti sn c quyn mua bo him cho ti sn ti nhiu doanh nghip bo him khc nhau vi cng iu kin v s kin bo him nhm bo v quyn li hp php ca mnh i vi ti sn. Tuy nhin, trong quan h ny, bn c bo him khng c php li dng yu t: ph bo him phi tr cho mt ti sn l rt nh so vi gi tr ti sn yu cu bo him nhiu ln cho ti sn ti nhiu doanh nghip bo him khc nhau nhm mc ch nhn c khon tin bo him ln hn nhiu ln so vi gi tr ca ti sn bo him. ngn chn mc ch trc li trong trng hp ny, khon 2 iu 44 Lut KDBH quy nh: Trong trng hp cc bn giao kt hp ng bo him trng, khi xy ra s kin bo him, mi doanh nghip bo him ch chu trch nhim bi thng theo t l gia s tin bo him tha thun trn tng s tin ca tt c cc hp ng m bn mua bo him giao kt. Tng s tin bi thng ca cc doanh nghip bo him khng vt qu gi tr thit hi thc t ca ti sn. Quy nh trn c th c hiu l, php lut khng cm bn mua bo him mua bo him nhiu ln cho mt ti sn ti nhiu doanh nghip bo him vi cng iu khon v s kin bo him, nhng khi mua th phi c ngha v thng bo cho cc doanh nghip bo him khc bit v iu ny. Trn c s cc hp ng bo him giao kt, cc doanh nghip bo him s cng chu trch nhim trong phm vi cam kt ca mnh trn tng gi tr thit hi.

V d: ng A c mt chic xe t hiu M. Ngy 2/3/2005 ng A mua bo him vt cht xe (bo him ti sn) ti doanh nghip bo him B vi s tin bo him l 1,1 t ng. Ngy 3/4/2005 ng A li mua bo him cho chic xe ti doanh nghip bo him C vi s tin bo him l 900 triu ng. C hai hp ng bo him trn u cng iu kin v s kin bo him. Ngy 5/8/2005, chic xe b tai nn (ri ro xy ra trong phm vi bo him), tn tht ton b. Gi tr ca chic xe c nh gi ti thi im tn tht l 800 triu ng.

Trong trng hp trn, trch nhim ca hai doanh nghip bo him c xc nh nh sau:- Doanh nghip bo him B phi chu trch nhim bi thng l: 1,1 t (s tin bo him tha thun gia doanh nghip B v ng A) chia cho 2 t (l tng s tin bo him ca hai hp ng giao kt vi doanh nghip bo him B v C tc 1,1 t cng vi 900 triu) c t l l 55% nhn vi gi tr thit hi thc t l 800 triu. Vy, s tin m doanh nghip bo him B phi bi thng l 440 triu ng.

- Doanh nghip bo him C phi chu trch nhim bi thng l: 900 triu chia cho 2 t c t l l 45% nhn vi gi tr thit hi thc t l 800 triu s ra s tin bi thng l 360 triu.

Nh vy, t v d trn y cho thy, theo quy nh ca php lut, ng A s khng c nhn khon tin bi thng t cc doanh nghip bo him ln hn thit hi thc t xy ra l 800 triu (c th, cng c hai khon tin bi thng t hai doanh nghip bo him l 440 triu + 360 triu = 800 triu).

Vi quy nh trn y, c quan im cho rng, quy nh ti iu 44, Lut KDBH c th dn n cch hiu rng, php lut khng cho php bn mua bo him c giao kt hp ng bo him trng trong bo him ti sn. Nhng ngi theo quan im ny lp lun rng, Khon 2, iu 44 quy nh Trong trng hp cc bn giao kt hp ng bo him trng doanh nghip bo him ch chu trch nhim bi thng theo t l gia s tin bo him tha thun trn tng s tin bo him ca tt c cc hp ng bo him m bn mua bo him giao kt thc cht ch l gii quyt hu qu xy ra, ch khng phi l s tha nhn ca php lut trong vic cho php giao kt hp ng bo him trng trong bo him ti sn. Tuy nhin, chng ti li khng nht tr vi quan im trn, bi l, php lut khng cm giao kt hp ng bo him trng trong bo him ti sn v mc ch ca bn mua bo him khi tham gia vo quan h bo him ti sn l nhm chuyn giao ri ro v gim bt ri ro, bn mua bo him c th mua bo him cho ti sn ca mnh ti nhiu doanh nghip bo him khc nhau vi cng mt iu kin v s kin bo him. S d h chn cch thc ny v bn thn hot ng ca cc doanh nghip bo him cng hm cha cc ri ro, nu mt trong cc doanh nghip bo him ny ph sn th bn mua bo him c th i bi thng cc doanh nghip bo him cn li. Yu t m php lut cm y l khi s kin bo him xy ra, bn mua bo him khng c i cc doanh nghip bo him bi thng theo tha thun trong hp ng, tc sau khi nhn tin bi thng th s tin ny ln hn nhiu ln thit hi ca ti sn bo him. Nu bn mua bo him giao kt hp ng bo him trng ri lp h s i tng doanh nghip bo him tr tin bi thng theo tng cam kt nhn c s tin ln hn gi tr ti sn, th hnh vi ny c xem l la o v s b x l theo quy nh ca B lut Hnh s.

IV. Quy nh v bo him trn gi tr bo v quyn li cho doanh nghip bo him ni ring v cng ng nhng ngi tham gia bo him ni chung, mt yu cu c t ra i vi bn mua bo him khi tham gia vo quan h bo him ti sn l h phi c quyn li i vi ti sn bo him v ch c mua bo him cho ti sn trong phm vi quyn li ti chnh m h c c t ti sn. y, chng ta phi hiu rng, trong bo him ti sn, khng ai ngoi bn mua bo him l ngi bit r nht v gi tr ca ti sn m mnh ang s hu, do vy, khi tin hnh bo him cho ti sn, bn mua bo him phi trung thc trong vic a ra s tin bo him. Php lut quy nh, s tin bo him l s tin m bn mua bo him yu cu bo him cho ti sn . Quy nh ny cng c th c hiu l, khi bn mua bo him yu cu doanh nghip bo him gnh chu mt tn tht tng ng vi s tin bo him th cng c ngha rng, bn mua bo him c quyn li ti chnh t ti sn bo him tng ng vi s tin bo him.

Nh vy, trong bo him ti sn, s khng th hnh thnh nn mt giao dch m s tin bo him cao hn gi th trng ca ti sn ti thi im giao kt hp ng. L do, bn mua bo him khng th yu cu doanh nghip bo him gnh chu thay mnh mt tn tht m h khng th c c, bi v, quyn li ti chnh m bn mua bo him thc c ch c tnh ng bng gi th trng ca ti sn. Nu trng hp do v , bn mua bo him nhm tng v gi tr ca ti sn m gi tr ny cao hn gi th trng ca ti sn ti thi im giao kt, th s tin m bn mua bo him nhn c cng khng vt qu gi th trng ca ti sn c bo him. Tc l, trong trng hp ny, php lut ch tha nhn tnh hp php ca giao dch trong phm vi gi th trng ca ti sn, cn phn vt qu s v hiu. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, vic nhm tng ny s rt kh xy ra, bi l khi mt ngi s hu mt ti sn c gi tr, h s phi thng xuyn quan tm n cc thng tin lin quan n quyn li ti chnh ca mnh i vi ti sn. ng thi trc khi tham gia vo mt giao dch vi mc ch bo v quyn li ti chnh i vi ti sn, h phi l ngi bit r nht gi tr ti sn cn bo v l bao nhiu. V th trn thc t, hp ng bo him ti sn c giao kt trn gi tr thng l do bn mua bo him c c hng quyn li ti chnh nhiu hn mnh c. Khi xy ra trng hp trn, chng ta c th coi y l hnh vi trc li. Nu bn mua bo him thc hin hnh vi trc li thng qua vic c tnh yu cu mt s tin bo him ln hn gi th trng ca ti sn th php lut khng tha nhn giao dch ny.

C th, Khon 1 iu 42 Lut KDBH quy nh Hp ng bo him ti sn trn gi tr l hp ng trong s tin bo him cao hn gi th trng ca ti sn c bo him ti thi im giao kt hp ng. Doanh nghip bo him v bn mua bo him khng c giao kt hp ng bo him ti sn trn gi tr. Vic php lut khng cho php giao kt hp ng bo him trn gi tr nhm ngn chn tnh trng trc li thng qua vic bn mua bo him c khai tng gi tr ca ti sn ti thi im giao kt hp ng, nhm c hng s tin bo him ln hn gi tr ca ti sn.

V quy nh ny, c mt s kin sau:Th nht, phn cui Khon 1, iu 42 Lut KDBH quy nh Doanh nghip bo him v bn mua bo him khng c giao kt hp ng bo him ti sn trn gi tr nhng Khon 2 li quy nh trong trng hp hp ng bo him ti sn trn gi tr c giao kt do li v ca bn mua bo him, doanh nghip bo him phi hon li cho bn mua bo him s ph bo him ng tng ng vi s tin bo him vt qu gi th trng ca ti sn c bo him, sau khi tr cc chi ph hp l c lin quan. Theo mt s nh phn tch, quy nh nh trn l khng thng nht gia khon 1 v khon 2, c th khon 1 quy nh khng cho php th s khng c quy nh ti Khon 2, bi v quy nh ti khon 2 l tha nhn s tn ti ca hp ng bo him trn gi tr.Th hai, ni dung quy nh ti Khon 2 l khng kh thi, bi v tiu ch xc nh th no l v v th no l c trn thc t l khng c c s, trong nhiu trng hp ch l s suy on ch quan. V vy, ngha chng trc li ca quy nh ny trn thc t s rt kh p dng, theo cc mt s nh phn tch, nn b Khon 2 ca iu 42, tc l khng tha nhn s tn ti ca hp ng bo him ti sn trn gi tr d l v hay c , tc l nu trng hp cc bn c giao kt th hp ng s khng pht sinh hiu lc php l. Tuy nhin, bo v quyn li ca bn mua bo him trong trng hp h giao kt hp ng bo him ti sn trn gi tr l hon ton do li v , php lut nn cho php mt bin giao ng gia gi th trng ca ti sn ti thi im giao kt hp ng v s tin bo him m bn mua bo him yu cu bo him i vi ti sn, bin ny c th l (+)(-) 5% chng trc li.

V. Quy nh v ngha v p dng cc bin php phng, hn ch tn tht i vi bn mua bo himBo him l s hon chuyn ri ro t ngi c bo him sang doanh nghip bo him khi c s kin bo him xy ra. Ri ro dn n s kin bo him phi l nhng ri ro m bn mua bo him v doanh nghip bo him khng lng trc c. Tuy nhin, iu cng khng c ngha rng, mt khi c ri ro xy ra, con ngi s hon ton bt lc trc nhng tn tht m n mang li. Ri ro l yu t xy ra ngoi mun ca cc bn tham gia vo quan h bo him, nhng ngc li, khi c ri ro xy ra, con ngi c th thc hin nhng bin php nht nh nhm hn ch ti a nhng tn tht c th xy ra. Con ngi khng th quyt nh c ri ro c xy ra hay khng, nhng c th quyt nh c vic gim bt nhng tn tht do ri ro mang li bng nhng bin php phng, hn ch tn tht.T nhng phn tch trn cho thy, khi ch s hu ti sn mua bo him cho ti sn th h chuyn giao nhng ri ro ca mnh sang cho doanh nghip bo him nu ti sn bo him gp ri ro trong phm vi bo him dn n tn tht. Tuy nhin, khi mua bo him, r rng bn mua bo him cng khng mong mun tn tht s xy ra i vi ti sn, bi v, l nhng ti sn thuc quyn s hu ca h. Nh vy, th hin s khng mong mun ny, trong thi gian mua bo him, h phi thc hin cc bin php phng, hn ch tn tht c th xy ra i vi ti sn bo him.

Trong bo him ti sn, php lut cho php cc bn tham gia giao kt hp ng c n nh mt s tin bo him cho ti sn, s tin ny v nguyn tc phi tng ng vi gi tr ca ti sn. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, s tng xng ny khng th mang tnh tuyt i, bi v, s tin bo him c xc nh cn c vo gi tr ca ti sn ti thi im giao kt hp ng, m c trng ca ti sn th thng hao mn (gim gi tr) thng qua qu trnh s dng. Do vy, khi tn tht xy ra, nu khng cn ti sn xc nh gi tr ti thi im xy ra tn tht, thng thng doanh nghip bo him s cn c vo s tin bo him n nh s tin bi thng v mt chng mc no , s tin bi thng da vo cn c ny s c li cho bn c bo him. Trc thc t ny, rt nhiu trng hp, ngi c bo him ny sinh trc li thng qua vic mc cho tn tht xy ra nhm hng tin bi thng t doanh nghip bo him.

ngn chn trc li ca bn mua bo him (ngi c bo him), iu 50 Lut KDBH quy nh:

- Ngi c bo him phi thc hin cc quy nh v phng chy, cha chy, an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng v nhng quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan nhm bo m an ton cho i tng bo him.

- Doanh nghip bo him c quyn kim tra cc iu kin m bo an ton cho i tng bo him hoc khuyn ngh, yu cu ngi c bo him p dng cc bin php phng, hn ch ri ro.

- Trong trng hp ngi c bo him khng thc hin cc bin php m bo an ton cho i tng bo him th doanh nghip bo him c quyn n nh mt thi hn ngi c bo him thc hin cc bin php ; nu ht thi hn ny m cc bin php bo m an ton vn khng c thc hin th doanh nghip bo him c quyn tng ph bo him hoc n phng nh ch thc hin hp ng bo him.

Nh vy, vic php lut cho php doanh nghip bo him c quyn n phng nh ch thc hin hp ng bo him l bin php ngn chn ngi c bo him thc hin trc li ca mnh. Ngoi ra, lin quan n ngha v phng, hn ch tn tht i vi ti sn bo him ca ngi c bo him, php lut cn ngn chn mc ch trc li trong quan h bo him ti sn thng qua quy nh ngi c bo him khng c t b ti sn c bo him, tr trng hp, ngi c bo him t b ti sn l nhm trnh tn tht chung, v cu ngi hoc trong trng hp khn cp Quy nh khng c php t b ti sn xut pht t yu cu bo v ti sn trnh tn tht xy ra, dn n vic doanh nghip bo him phi chu trch nhim bi thng t hnh vi v trch nhim i vi ti sn bo him ca ngi c bo him. ng thi, quy nh ny cng nhm trnh tnh trng li dng ri ro hy hoi ti sn nhm mc ch trc li ca bn c bo him.

VI. Quy nh v ngha v bi thng kp thi cho ngi c bo him khi xy ra s kin bo him ca doanh nghip bo him

Mc ch ca bn c bo him khi tham gia quan h bo him ti sn l khi phc mt cch nhanh chng tnh trng ti chnh ca mnh khi ti sn bo him b tn tht, y l nh chnh ng c php lut tha nhn. Hn na, khc vi cc hot ng kinh doanh khc, hot ng kinh doanh bo him l hot ng dch v to ra sn phm v hnh. Mc ch ca bo him l em li s an tm, an ton v mt ti chnh cho ngi tham gia bo him trc nhng ri ro c th xy ra. Sn phm bo him l sn phm tru tng nn khng d nhn thy c v khng d nhn bit c li ch c bn, cng dng ca sn phm. Sn phm bo him ni chung v bo him ti sn ni ring l li ha, l s cam kt ca doanh nghip bo him: s bi thng cho khch hng khi tn tht xy ra i vi ti sn bo him.

Hnh vi try trong vic bi thng cho ngi c bo him trong bo him ti sn nhm mang li li ch cho doanh nghip bo him cn c php lut nghim cm. Bi v, hnh vi ny khng nhng gy thit hi cho ngi c bo him m cn nh hng rt ln n uy tn kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip bo him, tc ng xu n qu trnh xy dng v pht trin th trng bo him ni chung v th trng bo him ti sn ni ring. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, trong mt s trng hp, v li ch thin cn trc mt ca chnh doanh nghip bo him hoc li ch c nhn ca mnh m mt s nhn vin bo him c tnh dy da trong vic thc hin bi thng cho ngi c bo him. ngn chn hnh vi trc li ny, php lut quy nh mt trong nhng ngha v bt buc ca doanh nghip bo him l Bi thng kp thi cho ngi c bo him khi xy ra s kin bo him. Ngoi ra, bo v quyn li cho ngi c bo him, iu 29 Lut KDBH quy nh: Khi xy ra s kin bo him, doanh nghip bo him phi bi thng theo thi hn tha thun trong hp ng bo him, trong trng hp khng c tha thun v thi hn th doanh nghip bo him phi tr tin bi thng trong thi hn 15 ngy, k t ngy nhn c y h s hp l v yu cu bi thng. y l thi gian n nh doanh nghip bo him thc hin ngha v bi thng ca mnh. ng thi quy nh ny cng c ngha ngn nga vic doanh nghip bo him c tnh khng a iu khon v thi hn tr tin bi thng trong hp ng nhm ko di thi gian thc hin ngha v bi thng chim dng vn ca ngi c bo him.Chng 3

TC NG V BIN PHP HN CH TRC LI BO HIM

I. TC NG CA TRC LI BO HIM

Trn thc t, trc li bo him v ang din ra hu ht cc nghip v bo him vi nhng th on ngy cng tinh vi v a dng khng nhng c tc ng xu n x hi, lm gim li nhun v uy tn ca doanh nghip bo him m cn nh hng ti s pht trin bn vng ca ngnh bo him.

Vit Nam, tuy cha c nhng thng k c th, nhng tnh trng trc li bo him xut hin t lu v ang c xu hng gia tng. Mt s hnh vi thng gp l: tn tht thit hi xy ra ri mi mua bo him, hay l t gy ra tn tht i bi thng ( c lnh vc bo him hng ha, bo him tu thy, bo him xe c gii). Cng c th nhn vin hoc i l bo him thng ng vi khch hng trc li bo him. H c th nh gi mc tn tht cao hn thc t hoc vch ng i nc bc cho khch hng li dng k h v giy t, th tc gim nh trc li...

Theo l thng thng ri ro, tn tht xy ra th khng c bo him. Bo him thng mi ch nhn bo him cho nhng ri ro tim n v khng lng trc. C ngha l ri ro c bo him ch l gi thuyt xy ra trong tng lai nhng khng bit chnh xc din bin s kin s xy ra u, bao gi v c th l ri ro g, mc tn tht...Hay ni nm na, bo him ging nh trong iu tr bnh ca ngnh y t phng cn hn cha. Trong lnh vc bo him, mua bo him chnh l phng trnh ri ro trc khi n xy ra. Nhng v trc li xy ra trong ngnh bo him thi gian gn y khin cng lun cng lo ngi hn v kh nng cu kt n chia gia khch hng v ngi ca cng ty bo him lp h s khng nhn tin bi thng.

Trc li bo him b xem l hnh vi vi phm v b x pht theo nhng c ch khc nhau t dn s, hnh chnh cho n ch ti. Trc li bo him c th bt u t vic khng trung thc trong hp ng bo him nh khai bo khng ng vi thc t, khai bo tnh trng bnh khng ng ca ngi mua bo him. Mc ch ca trc li bo him l nhm chim ot ti sn ca cc cng ty bo him m ngun ti sn ny do s ng gp ca nhiu ngi.

Th trng bo him cng pht trin th cc hnh thc trc li bo him cng ngy cng a dng hn, th on trc li bo him cng tinh vi hn v s tin gian ln trc li bo him cng ngy cng nhiu hn.

V d v trc li trong vn ti ng bin: ch tu sau khi k kt hp ng bo him cho con tu ca mnh, cu kt bt tay vi ch tu khc tho d trang thit b my mc trn tu chuyn i ni khc, hoc t chc vt my ca tu ra gia bin ri nh chm tu khai bo tu gp nn v/hoc b chm i cng ty bo him bi thng.Theo cc chuyn gia ngnh bo him, hnh vi ny trc mt gy bt li cho cc doanh nghip bo him, v phi b mt s lng tin ln bi thng bo him nhng v lu v di s nh hng n ngi mua bo him v phi chu khon ph cao hn t cc nh kinh doanh bo him.

II. BIN PHP HN CH TRC LI BO HIMVic trc li bo him gy ra nhng hu qu nghim trng, tc ng xu n mi trng kinh doanh. Nguyn nhn c nhiu, trong c quy trnh lm vic ca doanh nghip bo him cha cht ch, mt khc cha tun th nghim ngt quy trnh, cha c cng c kim sot hiu qu vic tun th. Chy theo cnh tranh, c phn bung lng qun l, h thp iu kin, b qua nguyn tc. Cc bin php qun l ri ro, phng nga trc li cha hu hiu, c ch cn ph thuc vo o c ca i ng cn b, nhn vin bo him. i tng trc li thng tm kim phng thc mi tinh vi, gy kh khn cho cng tc ngn chn. Mt s cn b, nhn vin bo him khng gn b vi doanh nghip sn sng ng gi tham gia cc v gian ln, hoc by cch, tip tay cho mu gian ln. Nhng v vic gian di b pht hin thiu s hp tc, gip ca nhn chng, v lo s b tr th. Hnh pht ca php lut i vi hnh vi trc li bo him cha nghim...

Trong nn kinh t th trng hin nay, cnh tranh v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh l khng th trnh khi t bit l trong ngnh kinh doanh dch v nh lnh vc bo him. Vn l ch phi hng cnh tranh vo con ng lnh mnh, v quyn li ca ngi tham gia bo him v sau ht l quyn v li ch chnh ng ca bn thn cc doanh nghip. Mi hnh thc, biu hin cnh tranh khng lnh mnh nh nu u phi b pht hin kp thi, x l nghim minh v thch ng duy tr s pht trin bn vng ca th trng.1. V pha cc c quan chc nngTh nht, cc c quan chc nng cn sm r sot, hon thin hnh lang php l th trng bo him vn hnh theo chun mc quc t, to ra mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh, thc hin kim sot, kim ton ni b nhm phng chng cc biu hin tiu cc trong qu trnh hot ng.

Th hai, cc c quan qun l Nh nc cn thng xuyn theo st din bin th trng, tng cng kim tra, pht hin v x l nghim khc cc hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, trc li, khng tun th cc yu cu ti chnh... lm nh hng n quyn v li ch chnh ng ca ngi tham gia bo him. Th trng bo him l mt th trng rt nhy cm, vic kinh doanh bo him phi da trn uy tn ca nh bo him. V vy, vic x l cc hnh vi ny cng cn m bo nguyn tc thn trng, khch quan, ng ngi, ng vic khng v x l mt c nhn, mt doanh nghip m nh hng khng ng c n cc doanh nghip lm n trung thc khc trn th trng. Trong thi gian va qua, cc ch ti x pht cc hnh vi phi cnh tranh trn th trng cha c p dng nn vic x l cn hn ch. V vy cn phi a cc ch ti x pht mt cch c th r rng v c c s php l. Khi c c s, nhng vi phm s c x l nghim khc hn, v khi , cc hnh vi phi cnh tranh s ngy mt hn ch.

Th ba, cc c quan chc nng cn yu cu cc doanh nghip bo him v doanh nghip mi gii bo him thc hin nghim chnh cc quy nh ca Lut Kinh doanh bo him v cc vn bn php lut c lin quan, gp phn lm lnh mnh ha mi trng bo him trong nc.

Th t, trong thi gian ti, khi c nhiu doanh nghip bo him nc ngoi cng tham gia chia s th trng bo him phi nhn th i vi cc dch v bo him bt buc theo cam kt ca WTO, cc c quan chc nng cn xy dng cc quy tc v qun l ngnh, va m bo theo ng thng l quc t va phi cn i vi vic bo v li ch ca cc doanh nghip bo him trong nc.

2. V pha Hip hi Bo him Vit Nam

Hip hi cn thng xuyn xy dng v ban hnh quy tc hp tc chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh gia cc doanh nghip bo him phi nhn th trn th trng, quy tc ng x gia cc doanh nghip hi vin, nhng vn bn tha thun hp tc v cc nghip v bo him. Hip hi cng cn tuyn truyn cc cng ty bo him mi ra i hay mi trin khai nghip v ny cng thc hin m bo thng nht trong ton h thng cc nh bo him. Mc ch cui cng ca cc hnh ng ny cng ch nhm em li li ch cho cc doanh nghip trn th trng cng nh l s an tm ca khch hng v cht lng sn phm, dch v theo ng nh nhng cam kt m doanh nghip a ra.

Hip hi cn tng cng hn na hot ng ca mnh nng cao cht lng k hoch hp tc v ra chng trnh hnh ng chung thit thc.

Nhng n lc nhm b sung v hon thin mi trng php l trong hot ng kinh doanh bo him, nhng c gng ca Hip hi Bo him Vit Nam v li ch ca tt c cc hi vin s khng th mang li hiu qu thc s nu bn thn mi doanh nghip bo him khng thc hin nghim nhng quy nh ca php lut cng nh nhng tha thun m cc doanh nghip cng nhau thng nht.

3. V pha cc doanh nghip bo himTh nht, cc doanh nghip kinh doanh bo him, cn nng cao nng lc chuyn mn, qun l, u t pht trin h thng cng ngh thng tin, theo di, qun l v gim st cng tc cn b, hot ng ca i l v mi gii bo him, kim tra, gim st v nng cao kh nng nh gi ri ro trc v sau khi nhn bo him.

Th hai, cc doanh nghip cn tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v kinh doanh ni chung, kinh doanh bo him ni ring, cc chnh sch v cnh tranh, chng c quyn. Trong xu th mi, vic tun th php lut, cnh tranh lnh mnh, trc ht cng l mt cch xy dng thng hiu trn th trng.Th ba, khi l thnh vin Hip hi Bo him, cc doanh nghip nn cng nhau a ra nhng cam kt chung ca mi nghip v kinh doanh v nghim chnh chp hnh nhng cam kt . Vic chp hnh nghim tc nhng cam kt ny s to ra mt mi trng kinh doanh thun li v bnh ng m bn thn cc nh bo him l nhng ngi hng li nhiu nht.

Th t, cc doanh nghip nn t xy dng cho mnh mt chin lc cnh tranh chuyn nghip v di hn nh xy dng v qung b thng hiu, xy dng nhng knh phn phi mi, a ra cc sn phm mi, khai thc li th cnh tranh ca ring mnh... Cch lm ny khng nhng s em li doanh thu, th phn cho doanh nghip m trong di hn s ngy cng cng c thng hiu ca doanh nghip trn th trng.Th nm, p dng phng thc thanh ton in t qua ngn hng, gim bt thu chi tin mt, p dng h thng cnh bo ri ro i vi th trng bo him v th trng ti chnh nh h thng cnh bo sm EWS (Early Warning System)..., ng thi duy tr cht ch mi quan h vi khch hng, lm tt cng tc tuyn truyn ngi dn v cc t chc khng tham gia trc li bo him.Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, chng ta cam kt thc hin mt nn thng mi t do cng bng vi nhiu c hi v thch thc an xen, trong thch thc ln nht l sc cnh tranh ca sn phm, ca doanh nghip. Chng ta s kh c th hi nhp thnh cng v c hiu qu nu khng to c cht lng sn phm v uy tn thng hiu. Hn bao gi ht, mi doanh nghip bo him phi bit t thch ng vi mi trng cnh tranh, loi b nhng hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, tm ra nhng li th ring pht trin bn vng.Chng 4TRNG HP TRC LI BO HIM TRONG VN TI NG BIN TI CNG TY BO HIM PJICO

Cc bn lin quan gm: Cng ty TNHH Vit Thi Phong (cn c tn gi khc l Cng ty TNHH Sng Tin): chuyn sn xut v ch bin hng thy sn ng lnh v hp xut khu. Phan Hng Thu (Gim c Cng ty TNHH Vit Thi Phong) b truy t v ti danh: La o chim ot ti sn v a hi l. Cng ty c phn Bo him Petrolimex (PJICO): c thnh lp vo thng 6/1995 vi by c ng sng lp u l cc t chc kinh t ln ca Nh nc, gm Tng cng ty xng du Vit Nam (Petrolimex), Ngn hng ngoi thng Vit Nam (Vietcombank), Cng ty Ti bo him quc gia Vit Nam (Vinare) Trong lng bo him phi nhn th, Pjico xp th 3 sau Bo Vit v Bo Minh. Trn Ngha Vinh (Tng gim c Pjico) b truy t v ti nhn hi l.

H Mnh Qun (Ph tng gim c Pjico) b truy t v ti nhn hi l.

Nguyn Bch Hp (nhn vin phng bo him hng hi Chi nhnh Pjico ti TP.HCM) b truy t v ti c lm tri quy nh Nh nc v qun l kinh t gy hu qu nghim trng.

Ng Hng Khoa (Nguyn trng phng gim nh bi thng Cty Pjico) b truy cu trch nhim hnh s v ti thiu trch nhim gy hu qu nghim trng.

V Dng Qu (Ph phng gim nh bi thng Cty Pjico) b truy cu trch nhim hnh s v ti thiu trch nhim gy hu qu nghim trng.Din bin s vic:

Ngy 7/10/2002, Cng ty TNHH Vit Thi Phong k hp ng bn 16.000kg tm ng lnh cho Cng ty Taifun ca Thy S. Trong bn hp ng dch v chi tit c quy nh v vic vn chuyn hng ti cng Hamburg (c), giao cho cng ty Pizoler (Thy S). Nh vy, vi bn hp ng ny, Vit Thi Phong c y t cch mua bo him cho l hng xut khu trn.

Ngy 11/11/2002 (11 ngy sau khi ri cng Si Gn), tu Hanjin (con tu vn chuyn l hng tm ng lnh ca Vit Thi Phong) gh vo cng Colombo ca Sri Lanka trn hnh trnh ti nc c. Trong thi gian ny, khng may tu b ha hon, l hng 16 tn tm b thit hi. Ngay trong ngy 11/11, pha cng ty Taifun tm cch thng bo v TP.HCM cho b Phan Hng Thu l gim c Vit Thi Phong. B Thu (lc ny ang nc ngoi) vi gi in v nh ngi n Chi nhnh PJICO ti TP.HCM mua bo him cho l hng vi mc ph l 2.323 USD. Nguyn Th Bch Hp l ngi tip nhn h s. C th, l hng b chy vo lc 8h30, n 14h cng ngy th cng ty ca b Thu mua c bo him ca PJICO.Ngy 14/11/2002 n v vn chuyn l hng fax bn thng bo v vic tu b chy cho cng ty Vit Thi Phong.

Ngy 18/11/2002 nhn vin ca Vit Thi Phong n PJICO np ph bo him.

Ngy 26/11/2002 b Thu k cng vn gi chi nhnh PJICO ti TP.HCM ngh c tr s tin bo him l hng b tn tht. Nghi vn v thi im ha hon v thi im Vit Thi Phong n chi nhnh PJICO ti TP.HCM mua bo him u cng trong mt ngy nn chi nhnh PJICO ti TP.HCM bo co v y h s v vic ra H Ni, ngh lnh o cng ty xem xt, quyt nh.Sau , b Phan Hng Thu cng ra H Ni i gii quyt yu cu bo him. Ti y, b Thu tip xc trc tip vi ng Trn Ngha Vinh (Tng gim c PJICO) v ng H Mnh Qun (Ph tng gim c PJICO). Mt tha thun din ra, b Thu s c thanh ton 3,8 t ng tin bo him cho l hng vi iu kin 50% (1,9 t ng) s c li qu cho ng Vinh v ng Qun.Nhng sai phm v kt lun ng sau v trc li bo him ti PJICO:

B Phan Hng Thu nguyn Gim c Cng ty TNHH Vit Thi Phong l ch mu v trc li bo him PJICO. B Thu c tnh k kt hp ng bo him sau khi i tng bo him (l hng xut khu) b tn tht (b chy) c bi thng, vi phm quy nh ca php lut v ngha v cung cp thng tin ca bn mua bo him v doanh nghip bo him.

ng Trn Ngha Vinh nguyn Tng gim c Cng ty PJICO v ng H Mnh Qun Ph tng gim c Cng ty PJICO - li dng chc v quyn hn mu li c nhn. c bit trc , hai ng ny tin hnh mua mt hp ng ti bo him ca mt cng ty bo him Singapore. V vy, 2/3 s tin 3,8 t ng bi thng l do cng ty nc ngoi chi tr, PJICO ch chu 1/3.

Nguyn Th Bch Hp nhn vin Phng bo him hng hi chi nhnh PJICO ti TP.HCM tip nhn h s, lp chng t v thu ph bo him.

Ng Hng Khoa Trng phng gim nh bi thng PJICO, V Dng Qu Ph phng gim nh bi thng PJICO thiu trch nhim gy hu qu nghim trng.

Qua v vic trc li bo him ti PJICO c th thy hnh vi trc li bo him trn thc t rt tinh vi, phc tp. Trong bi cnh nn kinh t nc ta hin nay, khi m h thng php l cn cha c hon chnh, rt nhiu c nhn li dng nhng k h, nhng l hng ca php lut thc hin hnh vi ny. Nhm chng ti nghin cu ti ny vi mong mun gip cc bn c thm mt ci nhn ton din v su sc v trc li bo him trn c phng din l thuyt v thc tin.DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gio trnh vn ti v bo him ngoi thng

2. http://www.vinamaso.net/index.php?option=com_jfusion&Itemid=79&jfile=viewtopic.php&f=143&t=620

3. http://vietbao.vn/An-ninh-Phap-luat/Ha-man-vu-truc-loi-bao-hiem-PJICO/65119301/218/

4. http://www.tand.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/DetailNews.asp?ID=792

5. http://vietbao.vn/An-ninh-Phap-luat/Vu-truc-loi-bao-hiem-PJICO-Cac-bi-cao-do-toi-cho-nhau/65088483/218/

6. http://www.vinamaso.net/index.php?option=com_jfusion&Itemid=79&jfile=viewtopic.php&f=143&t=620&start=107. http://vietmarine.net/forum/truc-loi-bao-hiem/71-kien-thuc-co-ban-ve-truc-loi-bao-hiem.html