1

Tropical Vector Borne Disease:

Dengue Fever

Kerry-Ann NelsonWalden University Graduate Student

February 3rd, 2013

2

Stakeholders

World Health Organization Citizens of affected countries Government health care officials of

affected countries Non Governmental Organizations

(NGO). Non Profit Organizations Environmental Officials of affected

countries

3

Overview

Leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics

100 million infected yearlyInfectious disease Prevalent for over 200 years

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx

4

History of Dengue

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

Origination of dengue Spread to humans between 100 and

800 years ago

Minor, geographically restricted disease

First documentation of dengue hemorrhagic fever Occurrence in Caribbean and Latin

America

5

Causes

Virus based disease caused by mosquitoes Commonly Aedes Aegypti

Four types of viruses: DEN-1 DEN-2 DEN-3 DEN-4

Pubmed Health. (2011). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002350/

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from

http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx

6

Aedes Mosquito

Identification of the Aedes mosquito Cycle of development Incubation period Lifespan

National Environmental Agency. (2005). Dengue. Retrieved from http://www.dengue.gov.sg/subject.asp?id=12

7

Symptoms

Appears 4 to 10 days after infection Fever Headaches Muscle, bone and joint pain Rash Nausea Vomiting Pain

Symptoms can last from 2 to 7 daysMayo Clinic. (2012). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dengue-fever/DS01028/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

8

Transmission

Transmittal via female mosquitoes Can infect individuals during entire life

span Humans identified as main carrier

sources for uninfected mosquitoes Mosquitoes more prevalent in the

daytime Breeding grounds Adaptations Spread of infection

World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

9

Transmission

Population at risk Occurrence Estimated infections

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Adolescent deaths

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

10

Transmission

Transmission during pregnancy Effects of dengue on pregnancy

Effects of dengue on baby

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

11

Diagnosis

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Antibody Titer Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from

http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx

12

Treatment

No treatments currently available for the dengue fever infection. Immunizations

Treatment for dengue fever symptoms Acetaminophen Fluids Rest

Medications to avoid Aspirin, Ibuprofen, naproxen sodium

Mayo Clinic. (2012). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dengue-fever/DS01028/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

13

Incidence

50 to 100 million cases globally 10% case fatality rate 100 to 200 cases in the U.S each

year introduced by travelers 2007: Outbreaks reported in 11

countries 900,782 cases reported in the Americas

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

14

Prevention

Protective clothing Mosquito repellant containing:

DEET Picaridin Oil of Eucalyptus

Window and door screens Reduce mosquito habitat Avoiding outdoor activities during specific

times of the dayNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue

fever. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspxWorld Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved

from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

15

Prevention

Prevention steps for babies Covering Use of repellant Clothing

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

16

Public Health Interventions

Vaccine DevelopmentInsecticide applicationVector control Community participationActive monitoring and

surveillance

World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

17

Public Health Interventions

U.S dengue surveillance

US areas more prevalent to infection

Statistical compilation

Passive Dengue Surveillance System (PDSS)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

18

Public Health Interventions

WHO Interventions Technical support and guidance Training Formulation of evidence based

strategies and policies Development of new tools and products Gathers official records Publishes guidelines and handbooks

World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

19

Questions

20

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

Mayo Clinic. (2012). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/denguefever/DS01028/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

Medline Plus. (2012) Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001374.htm

National Environmental Agency. (2005). Dengue. Retrieved from http://www.dengue.gov.sg/subject.asp?id=12

21

References

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://

www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx

Pubmed Health. (2011). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002350/

World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/