Make your aquarium a success

The right aquarium The right plants The right fish Tropica ABC: This is how you start Layout inspiration Product categories Plants from A to Z Product overview Appendix (planting)

Page Page Page

4 6 8

Page 10 Page 14 Page 18 Page 20 Page 65 Page 66

Make your dreams come true in 3 stepsTROPICAS GUIDE WILL HELP YOU MAKE THE RIGHT CHOICE IN 3 STEPS. THE INFORMATION IS FAR FROM EXHAUSTIVE, SO FOR MORE DETAILS, PLEASE GO TO TROPICA.COM. YOU WILL HAVE A MUCH BETTER CHANCE TO MAKE YOUR AQUARIUM A SUCCESS IF YOU SPEND SOME TIME STUDYING THE 3 STEPS IN THIS GUIDE:1: The right aquarium. Large or small? Who will take care of it and what has to be done every week? Are there any equipment requirements for the aquarium to work? There are many questions! Regardless of whether you are buying a new aquarium or you already have one, it is very important to know what your aquarium can offer your plants and fish. 2: The right plants. The choice of plants depends on the amount of light in your aquarium in relation to its volume and on whether you intend to give your plants CO2 and fertiliser. To help you, Tropica has developed a brand new concept with a symbol for each plant so that you can easily choose the right plants for your aquarium. The symbols and their meanings are detailed on page 7. We give example layouts for aquariums with plants and here the only limit will be your imagination! You can also see the videos and instructions at tropica.com. 3: The right fish. There are many fish to choose from and we cannot feasibly cover all of them in this guide. We have created categories with the most general species based on their characteristics and we offer you examples to help you to choose what is right for your particular aquarium. Common to all planted aquariums is that we always recommend algaeeating fish, shrimps and snails.

3

1: The right aquariumHERE YOU WILL FIND A DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CONDITIONS YOU HAVE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH BEFORE CHOOSING AN AQUARIUM.Aquarium choice is first and foremost a matter of taste. What will it look like and where will it be situated in your living space? Next, you have to decide who is to take care of the aquarium and how much time will be spent on it every week. Also, when it comes to aquariums and equipment, you get what you pay for. Cheap starter layouts include limited equipment whereas the more expensive aquariums have better finish and better light. Regardless of your decision, both solutions can work provided that your plant and fish choice are appropriate. In general, we recommend T5 fluorescent lamps for planted aquariums. Light that is close in spectrum to daylight is best utilised by plants and provides accurate colour rendition. They can also grow very well with LED lighting. As far as operation The function of the filter is to circulate the aquarium water, to clean the aquarium from particles that can make the water appear cloudy and to biologically purify the aquarium water via the nitrogen cycle. is concerned, the LED option is cheapest to run and does not generate heat like other light sources. Its initial price is quite high and only a few types ensure optimal plant growth. Apply fertiliser after 3-4 weeks when the plants have taken Light is the most important energy source for plants. It is important to ensure that the light source is spread evenly over the surface of the aquarium so that the light can reach the plants hold. CO2 is supplied from the beginning in order to speed up the growth of the plants and to enhance their colour. There are many options to choose from when it comes to both fertilisers in all corners. The light is always strongest in the middle of the aquarium and less intensive in the corners. If you do not already have reflectors behind the light source, it is a good idea to install them. They will reflect the light sending it down to the aquarium thus maximising the effect of your light source. An aquarium often needs heating. Most fish and plants require the water temperature to be 22-25 degrees whereas special fish such as Discus need 28-30 degrees. Remember to consult with your dealer. The simplest solution is an internal heater. Some external filter models have a built-in heating element. and CO2 supply, but we recommend our own series Plant Care (information available at tropica.com).

!4

TIP: Please note that it is more difficult to achieve stability when you have a small aquarium of 30 litres compared to a larger aquarium of 100-200 litres.

A specialist takes care of his/her aquariums every day.

The community aquarium is an adventure for the whole family.

The playroom a standard starter layout can work nicely here.5

2: The right plantsWE HAVE MADE IT EASIER FOR YOU TO BECOME AN AQUARIST! WITH TROPICAS UNIQUE SYMBOLS EASY, MEDIUM AND ADVANCED YOU CAN BE CERTAIN THAT YOU CHOOSE THE RIGHT PLANTS SUITABLE FOR YOUR AQUARIUM IN PARTICULAR!The concept in detail To make your aquarium a success you need to choose the right plants. Many discover that their plants do not do well after planting. This is primarily due to purchasing a plant from Medium or Advanced category, however, the aquarium does not offer enough light or CO2 that can help these plants grow! 2. A nano aquarium of 30 litres is equipped with an 18W Power When a plant dies, it breaks down and a large amount of nutrients are released into the water. Nutrients from dead or dying plants accumulate in the aquarium and cause algae to grow, creating major problems in your aquarium. People often give up and lose their interest in this hobby! We would like to fix this! Tropica would like to take co-responsibility for helping you to make your aquarium a success. Follow the directions for choosing plants on the opposite page. Then you will be on the right path6

Examples: 1. The lighting levels supplied in many aquarium kits are often relatively low. A 96-litre aquarium can be equipped with a fluorescent T8 18W lamp, so you should stock plants from the Easy category.

Compact lamp with good reflector. If you choose a CO2 solution from Tropicas Plant Care program, you can choose plants from the Easy and Medium categories. 3. If you are up for a greater challenge, you will find excellent quality aquariums in various sizes. Make sure that the light gives at least 1 Watt per litre and that there is continuous CO2 supply. If you follow these instructions, you can choose freely amongst Easy, Medium and Advanced plants.

!TIP: Remember that the strongest light is in the middle of the aquarium. Therefore you should place the most lightdemanding plants in the middle of the aquarium!

The easy plants These plants can thrive and grow well in low-light aquariums. CO2 supply is recommended because the CO2 supply, despite the low light, ensures the growth of the plants. The time expenditure per week is less than hour because the plants grow slowly. Bottom substrate at the beginning and liquid fertiliser for weekly use.

Plants that require a little extra The plants require at least watt per litre to thrive. CO2 supply is recommended to help plants grow with good colour and density. Weekly maintenance times of -1 hour will be required depending on the growth and development of the plants. Bottom substrate and liquid fertilisers are required. Special fertiliser is recommended.

+ CO2 + extra light + ekstra CO2 + high lighting levels7

The most demanding plants The plants require 1 Watt per litre or more to thrive fully. Continuous CO2 supply of 15-25 mg per litre is required. Maintenance time is 1-2 hours a week. The plant growth can pose challenges. Bottom substrate and liquid fertiliser, including special fertiliser, are required.

Digging and plant-eating fish Territorial fish

3: The right fishASK YOUR DEALER ABOUT WHAT WILL BE SUITABLE FOR YOU AND YOUR AQUARIUM. IN THE MEANTIME WE WILL GIVE YOU SOME GOOD TIPS.Livebearing fish Shoaling fish

The right balance between plants and fish in the aquarium are important for ensuring a healthy environment, which promotes natural fish behaviour. Most fish feel safest if they can hide quickly and easily. People often prefer attractive colours and want to look at their fish in a densely planted aquarium. In general, you should follow the advices below: 1 cm fish per litre of aquarium water! This way you minimise the algae growth! Always use algae-eating shrimps, snails or fish from the start. Shoaling fish such as tetras, rasboras and barbs, seek refuge in large groups known as shoals. Dense plants will give safety to the relatively few individuals (however, no less than 8-10 fish) you have room for. Plants with delicate leaves are often used for laying eggs and therefore offer exciting breeding potential.8

Livebearing fish, such as the guppy and platy are mostly peaceful and brightly coloured. The female give birth to their young, which use dense plants especially close to the surface as a hiding place because the young get eaten. Some males fight over the females and the ones that lose also hide in the vegetation. Most livebearing fish eat algae and can potentially damage soft plants and moss. Territorial fish want to have their own space either all the Digging and herbivorous fish including goldfish and some cichlids, and most algae-eating fish, eat moss as well. With plant-eating fish you can choose thick, tough leaves (such as Anubias) or plants with strong flavour (such as Bacopa). Digging fish tend to get frightened by strong roots which must be mature before the fish are introduced! You can also cover the roots with stones or wood, which should keep the fish away. time or only when they are young. Cichlids belong to this group. You can observe very exciting behaviour patterns when several pairs are put together in a planted aquarium so that the fish can establish their territory.

!

TIP: We can recommend Tropicas Aquadecor range, which includes robust plants with their roots firmly fixed onto a tree root or a lava rock.

Community fish are fish that can share the aquarium with many other kinds of fish. Community fish comprise primarily of livebearers and shoaling fish, but if you rearrange the aquarium afterwards, it will be able to accommodate even more kinds of fish. Cichlids thrive if there are holes and hiding places, and gouramis and angelfish seek security amongst plants.

One out of many examples of fish that need higher temperatures are Discus. People often refrain from plants in Discus aquariums in order to facilitate the cleaning of the aquarium and the changing of water. If you want plants for your Discus, however, choose plants that grow naturally in places with high temperature. Cryptocoryne, Microsorum and Echinodorus are recommended.

Algae-eaters, shrimps and snails are very popular, especially in the smaller nano aquariums. Shrimps in particular do well with mosses. Many shrimp types are delicate, which is why Tropica has developed a plant series called 1-2-Grow! The plants are cultivated in a lab and are free from algae and pesticides. Shrimps are very good at keeping delicate-leaved plants such as Hemianthus, Marselia and Glossostigma free from algae whereas snails are perfect for large leaves, windows, stones and roots.

9

Tropica ABC: This is how you startFROM START TO CARE AND MAINTENANCEPlanning your aquarium is a prerequisite for achieving good results. Gain inspiration at your local dealer or at tropica.com before making your final choice. Spend the necessary time on planning and by all means on drawing the layout with the location of both decoration materials and plants. Hardscape is an aquarium layout with gravel, rocks, tree roots and other decorations but no plants. Creating a hardscape is entirely up to your imagination. Some find it extremely interesting, others do not like it so much. You can compare this activity to standing before an easel and working with the paint brush. Most of us try to do their best, whereas diligent artists understand the colour setting, depth and perspective. Many competitions are arranged around the world to determine the aquascaper who can create the most impressive aquarium design. We can recommend that you start with hardscapes, no matter whether you have the talent of an artist or not! 1. Find the appropriate pieces of wood, rocks, stones and other decorative elements you want to use in your hardscape. If you choose heavy stones, we can recommend adding polystyrene at the bottom in order to protect the glass. 2. Add about 1 cm substrate in the places where plants with strong roots will be planted. We recommend Tropicas Plant Growth Substrate.

3. The bottom layer, which often consists of gravel, is carefully distributed and it can slope upwards towards the rear wall of the aquarium. This way you achieve depth and perspective in your aquarium. 4. Finally, place the rocks, tree roots and any other decoration you like. Move around individual components and change their places, if necessary. It is now that you create room and perspective so that the aquarium layout design is just right for you.

!

TIP! You can find many hardscape examples in step-by-step guides at tropica.com

10

The easiest way to plant in the aquarium is at a water level of just a few centimetres from the bottom. Many aquarists traditionally plant their plants when the aquarium is full, but this way it can be difficult to orient yourself in the water and to plant properly in the gravel. Carefully pour the water down a saucer when refilling in order to avoid stirring up the bottom until the water level is approx. 2 cm above the gravel. Have a spray-mister ready in order to keep the plants damp while you are working. The plants can easily get by when they are kept wet! See the Appendix on page 66-67 for more information on handling specific plant types such as stem and rhizome plants.

When introducing a new aquarium, the first 90 days are critical. To put it simply, the aquarium and the aquatic environment must be in balance with regards plant growth, fish population and filtration. The plants have to adapt to the new conditions at a time where algae can thrive. We advise you to follow the steps below: 1. Set the lighting time to 6 hours a day in the first 2-3 weeks. Then you can increase to 8-10 hours a day. 2. It is a good idea to provide CO2 from day 1. 3. Change the water 25-50% a couple of times a week in the first 3-4 weeks. After that, change approx. 25% of the water once a week. 4. No fertiliser or a limited amount of fertiliser during the first 3-4 weeks. The plants contain plenty of nutrients already from the nursery, which is sufficient to establish a root network. 5. Fast-growing plants such as Egeria and Limnophila, can be planted permanently or removed at a later date once the aquarium is balanced. Fast-growing plants absorb the excess nutrients and therefore minimise the growth of algae. 6. Introduce algae-eating snails and shrimps as soon as possible after start-up. 7. We recommend that the introduction of fish is delayed for 3-4 weeks until the plants have established. In other respects, follow the fish stocking guidelines for new aquariums. 8. Check the equipment does the plug-in-timer operate the lighting effectively, is the CO2 supply sufficient, is the filter running, is the temperature OK? Day 90. The desired result - good plant growth, great colour and transparent water - is achieved. Day 20. The plants have taken hold but the aquarium is not balanced yet. Beware of possible algae growth. Day 1. The aquarium is planted and filled with water. Start with 6 hours of light a day.

!

TIP! Download App with Tropicas 90-day start-up guide at tropica.com.

11

MaintenanceOnce you get going and the aquarium is developing properly, you have to start with more general maintenance: 1. Changing approx. 25% of the water every week prevents the accumulation of hazardous substances in the aquarium and limits the algae growth. 2. Waste products in the form of dead plant matter etc. should be removed as soon as possible. Their breakdown uses oxygen and produces nutrients that destroys the balance and promotes algae growth. 3. Check the aquarium equipment regularly in order to make sure that any faults and defects will be rectified and that a stable environment will be maintained. 4. The plant growth is now in full swing and a liquid fertiliser has to be added. Start carefully and with a dose smaller than the recommended. Increase the dose gradually according to the plants reaction to the fertiliser. A good rule of thumb is that leaves or plants become lighter/transparent when they lack fertiliser. 5. Check for algae on a regular basis. The first sign is unclear water, accumulations on the glass, leaves or decorative materials, or possibly fine threads. If the algae become visible, it will be much more difficult to suppress them! Algae are reduced by changing the water, reducing the amount of fertiliser, introducing more fast-growing plants and algae-eaters. You can find more information at tropica.com.

!

TIP: Overfeeding your fish is the most common cause of algae problems. Follow your dealers instructions.

12

TrimmingThe growth rate of the plants is very different and so is their trimming. Extensive trimming can disturb the balance in the aquarium, which is why little and often trimming is preferable. This way the aquarium will look presentable all the time. Trim stem plants (1) by regularly clipping the longest shoots leaving one of the bottom leaves and cutting the rest, then replant the shoots in the group. New shoots will emerge from the trimmed stem. The bottom layer and moss (2) are trimmed like a lawn, in backward direction, in order to achieve fast new growth. Echinodorus, bulbs and tubers (3) are trimmed by removing the outer leaves of the rosette and/or leaves that cast shadows over the surface. For Cryptocoryne (4), remove the yellow or damaged leaves. When the group becomes too dense, remove whole plants. Stolons (5) are trimmed if they invade the surrounding plants. The oldest plants can be replaced with stolons from time to time. Rhizome plants (6) are slow-growing plants. The rhizome stem itself is trimmed between a bunch of leaves when the plant becomes too big. New shoots will form from the leaf base. 1. 2.

!

TIP! You can find many examples of how to trim your aquarium in step-by-step guides at tropica.com

3.

4.

5.

6.

13

Layout inspirationLET YOUR AQUARIUM DREAM COME TRUE. HERE WE OFFER YOUR FOUR INSPIRATIONAL LAYOUTS TO HELP INSPIRE YOU.

Scan the QR code with your smart-phone or click on the play icon (when you are online) to view a step-by-step guide from start-up to the final result. Each layout is presented with a brief description (more details are available at tropica.com), a list of plants and the associated layout drawing. The symbols on each aquarium refer to the description on page 7 and specify the plants we recommend in relation to how much light the aquarium offers - how much light does your aquarium offer?

!

TIP: The symbols Easy, Medium and Advanced indicate the plant selection we recommend for your specific aquarium.

A.Taxiphyllum barbieri (x2) B.Cryptocoryne wendtii Tropica (x2) C.Staurogyne repens (x2) D.Echinodorus Reni (x1) E.Echinodorus bleheri (x1) F. Vallisneria nana (x1) G.Anubias barteri var. nana (x2)

LAYOUT 43 BY TONY SWINNEY (30L)Cubens 30 x 30 cm is perfect for a simple hardscape with only one root placed in the middle of the aquarium. The root will look more natural over time because it will be covered with moss. The shape of the root is suitable for Anubias. Cryptocoryne wendtii Tropica and Echinodorus Reni contribute to the red shades of the root which emphasise the fresh green Staurogyne in the foreground.

14

LAYOUT 44 BY MARK EVANS (200L)Mark has designed a dramatic rock landscape where the eye is caught in the light green, luxuriant foreground and guided towards the centre of the aquarium. Here we meet an abundance of colours and shapes. Dark green moss and a dense tenellus forest frame the V-shaped edge. The colourful stem plants are challenging but if you succeed, they will be a nice contrast to the peaceful green foreground.A.Alternanthera reineckii Purple (x1) B.Aponogeton crispus Red (x2) C.Echinodorus tenellus (x6) D.Hemianthus callitrichoides Cuba (x8) E.Hemianthus micranthemoides (x1) F. Ludwigia arcuata (x2) G.Pogostemon helferi (x2) H.Rotala rotundifolia (x1) I. Pogostemon stellata (x2) J. Vesicularia ferriei Weeping (x2)

15

LAYOUT 45 BY EDUARD GERCOG (180L)A natural layout with a focus on different shapes and colours. Even though the aquarium is full of colours, the plants used are relatively easy to care for. The aquarium is maintenance-friendly and will reach balance fast owing to many plants and a good composition of fast-growing plants at the back and front, and stable, easy plants in the middle of the aquarium.A.Anubias sp. Petite (x4) B.Bolbitis heudelotii (x2) C.Cryptocoryne wendtii Green (x3) D.Cryptocoryne willisii (x3) E.Echinodorus quadricostatus (x5) F. Eleocharis parvula (x10) G.Hydrocotyle tripartita (x3) H.Ludwigia repens Rubin (x3) I. Microsorum pteropus Narrow (x2) J. Monosoleum tenerrum (x1) K.Myriophyllum mattogrossense (x4) L. Nymphaea lotus (x2) M.Vesicularia ferriei Weeping moss (x5)

16

LAYOUT 46 BY DAN CRAWFORD (200L)The plants from the Easy category are not only for starter aquariums they are also used in large, luxuriant and lavish aquariums with minimum maintenance. Most plants have to be trimmed a few times a year and the aquarium will look luxuriant and healthy for a long time when you supply liquid fertilisers and CO2. It requires less than hour of maintenance a week!A.Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia (YLX, x3) B.Echinodorus osiris (x3) C.Echinodorus quadricostatus (x3) D.Echinodorus tenellus (x5) E.Microsorum pteropus (YLS, x2) F. Cryptocoryne becketii Petchii (YLS, x5) G.Microsorum pteropus Windelv (ZWS, x2) H.Pogostemon helferi (YLS, x5)

17

Our world of beautiful aquarium plants:EACH PRODUCT FROM TROPICA HAS BEEN TESTED AND ADAPTED SO THAT WE GIVE EACH PLANT THE BEST POSSIBLE START WHEN IT LEAVES THE NURSERY. OUR PRODUCT RANGE IS WIDE AND CAN COVER ALL YOUR NEEDS IN A PLANT AQUARIUM. BELOW IS AN OVERVIEW OF THE GROUPS OF PLANTS WE OFFER:

Pots are brimming with plants and have lots of mass and healthy, well-developed roots. Most pots can be divided into several portions or individual plants which are planted separately. Code: POT Tuberous plants are Nymphaea or Aponogeton. Each tuber with an incipient shoot. The plants grow fast after being planted and become relatively big. A sticker with the level of difficulty and information about the plant is included with each tuber. Code: KN

AquaDecor are products where the plants grow on tree roots or lava stones. The products are very lifelike from the beginning and create depth as soon as they are introduced in the aquarium. Often they can be used for fish that eat or dig up the plants such as goldfish and cichlids. Code W (wood) - M (mini) are 7-10 cm, S (small) are 1225 cm and X (large) are 30-40 cm. Code L (lava stone) S (small) are 7-15 cm and X (large) are 20-30 cm, Code Z suction disc at one end of the root.

18

Moss is sold in portions in sealed plastic containers. There is a big difference between mosses, but all of them make the aquarium more luxuriant and give it greater depth. Can be tied to stones or tree roots where they will form hanging gardens. Perfect for laying eggs for different fish. Code: POR

Floating plants are sold in portions in a sealed plastic container. The plants give the aquarium another dimension thanks to their hanging roots and their fast growth limits the growth of algae. Ideal as plants that indicate the fertiliser level in the aquarium and perfect as a hiding place for young fish. Code: POR XL pots are extra large plants which are more robust and give immediate luxuriance. Can be used together with AquaDecor products in Cichlid aquariums. Code XL

Bunches are groups of young plants or stems brought together with the help of a small anchor. They have a few or no roots. Roots are formed very soon after planting. They are relatively easy, fast-growing plants which are excellent for the start-up phase. Code: BDT

NEW! 1-2-Grow! Consists of small plants straight from the lab in sealed containers. The plants are free from snails, algae and pesticides. Nutrient-jelly remnants are rinsed thoroughly before planting and the small plants have to be fertilised from the very beginning. Recommended for nano aquariums and tanks with shrimps. Code: TC19

Hemianthus callitrichoides Cuba

Plants from A-ZTO HELP YOU GET STARTED WITH THE PLANTS, WE WOULD LIKE TO BRIEFLY SHOW YOU HOW TO READ OUR PLANT DATA.

The Latin name of the plant.

An Easy, Medium or Advanced symbol indicates the level of difficulty of the plant and its requirements concerning light, CO2 and fertiliser, as well as care requirements see page 7.

Each product sheet contains information about the plant, its requirements as far as physical and water chemistry are concerned, as well as tips on how to handle the plant when you introduce it to the aquarium and daily care. In short, all the information you must use to make your aquarium a success. All products are supplied with information about their degree of difficulty and plant data on a sticker or on the package. At tropica.com you will find more facts about plants, in-depth information about lighting intervals and growth rate, as well as general descriptions of the importance of pH, temperature and water chemistry. Furthermore, there are also layout pictures and references on how plants are used in layouts. The plants are presented in alphabetic order by name and on page 65 you can see the variants we offer in the respective product groups.

The layout pictures of the plant in the aquarium once it has adapted to the conditions in the aquarium.

A description of the plant, including origin, type (stem, rosette), height and width in the aquarium, features, use in the aquarium, as well as specific care requirements. Hand-painted watercolour that shows the form and colour of the plant in the aquarium. Pictures of the product as received from Tropica.

Hemianthus callitrichoides is one of the smallest aquarium plants in the world, and creeps over the bottom with millimetre-sized round leaves. If planted in small clumps a few centimetres apart, it will spread rapidly and cover the bottom like a carpet. Hemianthus callitrichoides is an attractive foreground plant for small aquariums. Found on Cuba west of Havana.

Size of root or lava stone. Tropicas order number. The price group of the product. The bar code of the product.LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

048B POT

PG7

048B TC

PG7

048B YLS

PG10

20

Alternanthera reineckii Mini

Alternanthera reineckii Pink (roseafolia)

Alternanthera reineckii Purple (lilacina)

This miniture version of the well-known Alternanthera is characterized by compact growth and a slower growth rate. It is particularly suitable for small aquariums or as a foreground plant in larger aquascapes. By careful trimming can you create a dense, red-violet carpet approximately 5 to 10 cm high. High light intensity and addition of CO2 improves the plants growth and overall apperance.

The purple colour underneath leaves of Alternanthera reineckii Pink from South America provides an effective contrast to the many green plants in an aquarium - particularly when planted in groups. Stems becomes 25-50 cm tall. Good light encourages the leaves to turn red. Easy to propagate by nipping off the terminal bud and planting it in the substrate. This also makes the mother plant more bushy, because more side shoots are formed.

Alternanthera reineckii Purple from South America needs plenty of light to grow and form dark-red leaves. Stems grow to 15-40 cm. In open aquariums it grows easily to the the water surface, and like other difficult plants growth improves considerably if CO2 is added. Shortage of micronutrients results in pale leaves. Like other stem plants Alternanthera reineckii Purple looks best in groups.

023C TC

PG7

023 POT

PG5

023 BDT

PG3

023 XL

PG10

023B POT

PG6

21

Ammania sp. Bonsai

Anubias barteri var. angustifolia

Anubias barteri var. barteri

Ammania sp. Bonsai is best described as a compact, moderate growing version of Bacopa caroliniana. Plant in small groups and trim often. Cuttings may be re-planted in the group to achieve a more dense group or carpet. At high light may the tip of the stems become reddish, at lower light will the leaves become larger and the plant less compact. Ammania sp. Bonsai are particularly suitable for nano-aquariums.

Anubias barteri var. angustifolia from West Africa is a beautiful plant with long, narrow leaves. 10-20 cm tall with the rhizome forming 10-15 cm or larger. Anubias barteri var. angustifolia used to be sold as Anubias afzelii, but the latter is actually a much larger species. It is grown in the same conditions as Anubias barteri var. nana. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

Anubias barteri var. barteri from West Africa is an undemanding plant. It grows somewhat larger than Anubias barteri var. nana but is grown in the same conditions. From 25-45 cm tall, varies considerably in terms of size and leaf shape. Like other Anubias-species, it is best planted in a shady spot to restrict algae growth on the leaves. Herbivorous fish do not eat the very tough and robust leaves.

033E TC

PG7

101C POT

PG8

101A POT

PG8

22

Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia

Anubias barteri var. coffeefolia

Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia originates from an Australian tissue propagation laboratory. It is a very beautiful variety with heart-shaped leaves. The leaves live for several years, so Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia can easily form large groups despite its slow growth. A group of Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia growing more than 50 cm wide in a few years is not unusual.

Anubias barteri var. coffeefolia is a very beautiful, low cultivar of Anubias barteri. 15-25 cm tall and a creeping rhizome from 10-15 cm or more. It is characteristic that the leaves arch considerably between the leaf ribs, and the new leaves are red-brown. The colour combination and leaf shape make it an attractive variety. It flowers frequently under water but does not produce seeds there. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

LAVA ROCK 20-30 CM

WOOD 30-40 CM

101U POT

PG8

101 YLX

PG13

101 YWX

PG13

101U XL

PG12

101G POT

PG9

23

Anubias barteri var. nana

Anubias sp. Petite

Anubias barteri var. nana is a small, attractive plant which thrives in all conditions. It originates from Cameroon and will reach 5-10 cm height. The best result is achieved by planting on a stone or tree root. Fishing line can be used to attach the plant until it gains a hold. If planted on the bottom the rhizome must not be covered because it tends to rot. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

Anubias sp. Petite is a mutation which appeared in cultivation at the Oriental aquarium plant nursery in Singapore. Stays less than 5 cm tall. It is most decorative when attached to stones or roots, and like other Anubias should be attached with fishing line until it gains a hold. A specialty plant which is ideal for miniature landscapes in small aquariums.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

WOOD 12-25 CM

WOOD WITH SUCTION, 12-25 CM

101 POT

PG7

101 YLS

PG11

101 YWS

PG11

101 ZWS

PG12

101H POT

PG8

24

Aponogeton boivinianus

Aponogeton crispus

Aponogeton crispus Red

Aponogeton boivinianus is a large, strong plant which is only suitable for large aquariums. A bulb plant from Madagascar. In favourable conditions it can form very large leaves (up to 80 cm long and 8 cm wide, and from 30-50 cm wide). The oldest leaves are deep dark-green, while younger leaves are light-green and sometimes brownish until they are fully developed.

Aponogeton crispus from Sri Lanka look good in any aquarium with its light-green, transparent leaves. Leaves from 25-50 cm and the plant grows to 15-25 cm wide. It makes few demands, although growth is always best in soft, slightly acidic water with a nutritious bottom. In such conditions the plant produces a mass of leaves, and it flowers very frequently in optimum conditions.

Aponogeton crispus Red is an interesting, red bulb plant. A cultivar with red-violet, curly leaves which reaches 15-40 cm. With its moderate size, this graceful Aponogeton variety looks spectacular as focal point contrasting against a light green background. The plant is moderate to slow growing and develops few or none floating leaves. Good light and nutrient-rich conditions improves the plant characteristics.

088 KN

PG7

083 POT

PG8

083B POT

PG9

25

Aponogeton longiplumulosus

Aponogeton madagascariensis

Aponogeton ulvaceus

Aponogeton longiplumulosus from Madagascar has large, fluted leaves (35-60 cm long), making it a wonderful plant which can be recommended for large aquariums (the whole plant becomes 25-40 cm wide). It is relatively undemanding, and makes no special demands on water quality.

Aponogeton madagascariensis is a bulb plant from Madagascar and is a speciality in botanical gardens all over the world. Aponogeton madagascariensis makes such high demands on water quality and the bottom that it can only be recommended as a solitary plant in large, specialised aquariums in which the water is replaced frequently.

Aponogeton ulvaceus is one of the most beautiful bulb species in the Aponogeton-family and originates from Madagascar. The leaves are delicate light-green and transparent with fluted margin. A single root can produce more than 40 leaves, 30-60 cm long. This means that the plant is best as a solitary plant in large aquariums (the plant becomes up to 50 cm wide).

089D KN

PG7

089 KN

PG7

086 KN

PG7

26

Azolla caroliniana

Bacopa australis

Bacopa caroliniana

Azolla caroliniana from North America is a small (1-2 cm tall), floating fern housing blue-green algae in its leaves. These algae are capable of absorbing nitrogen from the air, which can then be used by the plant. Azolla caroliniana is used as nitrogen fertiliser in rice paddies, and as animal feed. There are several related varieties on the market, with similar appearance. A decorative plant for open aquariums.

Bacopa australis was discovered in southern Brazil (australis = southern), and it does not come from Australia, as might otherwise be assumed from its name. Stems become 10-30 cm tall and 2-4 cm wide. Like the other Bacopa species, Bacopa australis is also easy to grow in an aquarium. Under certain conditions it creeps across the bottom to form an elegantly decorative light green cushion.

Bacopa caroliniana originates from US and has been used as an aquarium plant for many years. Stems become 10-30 cm long and 3-4 cm wide. Apart from relatively good light it makes few demands. Its slow growth rate makes it one of the few stem plants that do not need much attention. Like most stem plants, it is most decorative when planted in small groups.

013 POR

PG6

043A POT

PG5

043 POT

PG5

043 BDT

PG3

27

Bacopa monnieri

Bolbitis heudelotii

Cabomba caroliniana

Bacopa monnieri originating from Tropical areas is an easy and highly recommended plant which thrives in almost all conditions. It is a plant which is suitable for the hard water found in many European aquariums. Propagate by cuttings; take a side shoot or terminal bud and plant it in the bottom. Most beautiful when a great number of stems are planted in a group.

Bolbitis comes from West Africa, a fern with very beautiful transparent green leaves, 15-40 cm tall and wide. When planting do not cover the rhizome because it will rot, and it is best to plant Bolbitis heudelotii on a root or stone. Keep the plant in position with fishing line until it has gained a hold. Growth can be increased considerably by supplying CO2, and is only optimal in soft, slightly acidic water.

Cabomba is a very popular aquarium plant from South America owing to its beautiful foliage. It reaches 30-80 cm and each stem can become 5-8 cm wide.The least demanding of the Cabomba-species, but still causes problems in poorly lit aquariums. If there is not sufficient light, try Limnophila sessiliflora, which requires less light. Most decorative when planted in groups. Eaten locally as a vegetable.

WOOD 12-25 CM

044 POT

PG5

006 POT

PG8

006 XL

PG11

006 YWS

PG11

015 BDT

PG3

28

Cardamine lyrata

Ceratophyllum demersum Foxtail

Ceratopteris thalictroides

Cardamine lyrata is actually a marsh plant from Japan. But it is also a familiar aquarium plant which thrives under water with 20-50 cm long stems. A characteristic trailing growth form makes it highly decorative, and aerial roots often form on the plant itself. Plant in groups, and make sure the water temperature does not exceed 28 degrees C.

Ceratophyllum demersum Foxtail was found in a smaller tributary in Bolivia during an expedition to Rio Guapore, a boundary river between Brazil and Bolivia. Ceratophyllum has no roots as such, but it can still be planted in the bottom of an aquarium and stems can become up to 80 cm tall. Foxtail differs because its leaves are closer together and it has lateral shoots, which gives it an attractive, compact appearance.

Ceratopteris is a pan-tropical fern, 15-30 cm tall and 10-20 wide. This plant normally grows fast, but the addition of CO2 may be necessary to promote growth. The finely branched leaves are very decorative and provide good contrast to other leaf shapes. In good light Ceratopteris thalictroides grows fast and helps prevent algae by consuming large amounts of nutrients. This makes it a good starter plant in small aquariums.

024 POT

PG5

021A POR

PG8

005A POT

PG6

29

Cladophora aegagrophila

Crinum calamistratum

Crinum natans

Cladophora aegagrophila is not really a plant, but a ball of algae from 3-10 cm wide. It is a decorative exception from the rule about avoiding algae at all costs. It is normally found in shallow lakes, where the movement of the waves forms it into a sphere. Cladophora aegagrophila can be divided into smaller pieces, which become spherical with time, or which form a carpet, if attached to roots and stones.

Crinum calamistratum from West Africa is a very graceful bulbous plant with dark-green, very narrow leaves. The curly leaves becomes 40-120 cm long. It forms smaller bulbs than the other Crinum-species, and demands more light. In the aquarium plants that are thriving form a number of small bulbs. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish. It can also be used in brackish aquariums with low salt concentrations.

Crinum natans is a very beautiful and graceful bulbous plant with dark green leaves from West Africa. Leaves grow to 50-150 cm long. Plant so the top 2/3 of the bulb is visible. When the plant grows older (if it is thriving) it sometimes forms small bulbs and sends a flower stem up to the water surface with a beautiful and aromatic lily flower. The plant varies considerably in leaf width and the shape of the leaf margin.

000C ST

PG5

094A POT

PG9

094A XL

PG13

094 POT

PG9

094 XL

PG13

30

Crinum thaianum

Cryptocoryne beckettii Petchii

Cryptocoryne crispatula

Crinum thaianum from Thailand is a distinctive bulbous plant belonging to the lily family having 60-200 cm long leaves. It is undemanding apart from the fact that it needs plenty of space. Plant so the top 2/3 of the bulb is visible, because otherwise the bulb tends to rot. When the plant grows older it sometimes sends a flower stem up to the water surface with an aromatic, elegant lily flower.

Cryptocoryne beckettii Petchii is a small variety of Cryptocoryne beckettii from Sri Lanka, which has beautiful, slightly fluted leaf margins, 10-15 cm long. Leaves become dark olive-brown with violet underside. Like many other Cryptocorynes, the leaf colour and shape depends largely on environmental conditions in the aquarium.

Cryptocoryne crispatula from Southern Thailand where there are limestone mountains, and the water can be very hard. Like many other Cryptocorynes it needs to acclimatise before growth starts in earnest. Leaves becomes 20-60 cm long and the single roset plant becomes 15-20 cm wide.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

093 POT

PG9

093 XL

PG11

108A POT

PG7

108A YLS

PG10

125 POT

PG9

31

Cryptocoryne parva

Cryptocoryne undulata Broad Leaves

Cryptocoryne wendtii Brown

Cryptocoryne parva from Sri Lanka is the smallest of all Cryptocorynes (only 3-6 cm tall and a roset less than 5-8 cm wide). It is one of the few species that does not significantly change its leaf shape and colour depending on cultivation conditions. It needs more light than most other Cryptocorynes because it almost loses its leaf blade under water.

The triploid variety of Cryptocoryne undulata from Sri Lanka has wider leaves and a beautiful, flecked leaf pattern. It also grows larger, from 15-25 cm, and the single roset becomes 10-20 cm wide. It is a hardy plant and do well under many growing conditions.

Cryptocoryne wendtii Brown is a beautiful brown variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii from Sri Lanka. It reaches 15-25 cm and each roset becomes 10-15 cm wide. It is a mistake to believe that Cryptocorynes require soft water. In large parts of Sri Lanka the water is hard, so Sri Lanka Cryptocorynes are almost all suitable for hard European water.

106 POT

PG8

110A POT

PG7

109C POT

PG7

32

Cryptocoryne wendtii Green

Cryptocoryne wendtii Mi Oya

Cryptocoryne wendtii Tropica

Cryptocoryne wendtii Green is suitable for small aquariums with heights from 5-15 cm and a roset from 8-15 cm wide. When grown in an open space the leaves will virtually lie on the bottom. Like most other Sri Lanka Cryptocorynes, it also grows well in hard water.

This beautiful variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii is only found in the river Mi Oya at Sri Lanka. It has characteristic red-brown, slightly hammered leaves from 20-35 cm, and 15-30 cm wide rosettes. Many Cryptocorynes can grow at high temperatures. In the wild this plant is found in streams with a temperature of more than 30 degrees C.

This beautiful variety with the dark, hammered leaves is named after Tropica. When grown in an open space the leaves will virtually lie on the bottom. It is suitable for small aquariums with leaves from 10-15 cm, and a rosette from 10-20 cm wide. Like most other Sri Lanka Cryptocorynes, it also grows well in hard water.

109 POT

PG7

109D POT

PG7

109E POT

PG7

109E XL

PG11

33

Cryptocoryne x willisii

Cyperus helferi

Didiplis diandra

This Cryptocoryne from Sri Lanka used (mistakenly) to be called Cryptocoryne nevillii, but this is the name of a species that has never been used in aquariums. Like many other Cryptocorynes, not much happens the first month after planting. But then it starts to grow, and willingly produces plenty of runners which form a compact group. The plant becomes 7-20 cm tall, and each roset 7-15 cm wide.

Cyperus-species are widespread all over the tropics, but only a few of them are good underwater plants. Cyperus helferi from Thailand is the first Cyperus-species used in aquariums, 20-35 cm tall and a roset from 15-25 cm wide. It requires a relatively large amount of light, and CO2 addition is recommended to promote growth. In aquariums with good water flow the plant sways beautifully in the current.

Didiplis diandra from North America is a fine plant which should be planted in small groups with stems from 10-15 cm and 2-5 cm wide. In good light it develops red shoot tips which form a beautiful contrast with other green plants. A demanding plant which needs a lot of light and prefers soft water. CO2 addition boosts growth considerably. Also known as Peplis diandra.

107 POT

PG7

133A POT

PG7

031 POT

PG7

34

Echinodorus Aquartica

Echinodorus bleheri

Echinodorus cordifolius ssp. fluitans

Characteristics of the cultivar Echinodorus Aquartica are its round, bright green leaves. Its compact (10-20 cm), low growth makes it suitable as a decorative solitary plant. Slow growing and easy to care for, Echinodorus Aquartica retains the refreshing green colour of its leaves in normal lighting and nutrient conditions in the aquarium. Echinodorus Aquartica was developed by Kristian Iversen from the Aquartica company.

Echinodorus bleheri from South America is undemanding and beautiful, and becomes 20-50 cm tall. A nutritious bottom promotes growth, but the plant needs pruning to prevent it depriving plants underneath of light. Echinodorus bleheri does well even in poorly illuminated aquariums, as it grows towards the light. It is a hardy and easy solitary plant for both beginners and the more experienced with quite large aquariums.

A comparatively fast-growing Echinodorus from Mexico, suitable for large aquariums reaching 20-50 cm long leaves and a 15-30 cm wide roset. Unlike other roundleafed varieties of the species, Echinodorus cordifolius ssp. fluitans is less likely to grow up over the water surface. If it grows large enough, it forms large leaves just under the surface instead.

074F POT

PG7

071 POT

PG6

071 BDT

PG3

073D POT

PG7

35

Echinodorus osiris

Echinodorus Ozelot

Echinodorus Ozelot Green

In the 1970s coloured aquarium plants were rare, which is why Echinodorus osiris with its red colour quickly became popular. It originates from Brazil and becomes 25-50 cm tall with a 20-30 cm wide roset. It is generally an undemanding plant which is suitable for both soft and hard water. It is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

Echinodorus Ozelot is a decorative hybrid between Echinodorus schluteri Leopard and Echinodorus Barthii. 20-50 cm tall and a 20-40 cm wide rosette. Naturally, it is the elliptical black spots on the red-brown leaves that have given this plant the name Ozelot. The spots are darkest on the youngest leaves, and unlike many other spotted Echinodorus, Ozelot retains its spots even at low light intensity.

A beautiful, dark-green variety of Echinodorus Ozelot, 20-50 cm tall and a 20-40 cm wide rosette. The dark spots form a bigger contrast on the light leaves. The leaf margin is fluted. A nutritious bottom promotes growth. It is an easy and highly recommended plant, which thrives in almost all conditions.

072 POT

PG8

073F POT

PG8

073F XL

PG12

073G POT

PG8

073G XL

PG12

36

Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius

Echinodorus quadricostatus

Echinodorus Red Diamond

In marshy conditions Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius from Brazil has round leaves with a horizontal leaf base. Under water the leaves are narrower and longer (from 2040 cm). In the aquarium it tends to grow out of the water. This can be prevented by removing the long leaves just before they reach the water surface. The next leaves will then become shorter and the plant will remain under water.

Echinodorus Quadricostatus from South America has characteristic light-green leaves 10-15 cm long which form a good contrast to the darker aquarium plants. It is most beautiful when planted in groups, each roset becoming 15-20 cm wide. In good conditions it produces runners which spread over the bottom. Very light leaves are a sign of a shortage of micro-nutrients.

Echinodorus Red Diamond appeared as a culture in the Ukraine, and is probably a cross between Echinodorus horemanni Red and Echinodorus Barthii. The resultant hybrid is an attractive plant with ruby-red sword-shaped leaves, 15-25 cm long. Unlike many of the other Echinodorus-species, Echinodorus Red Diamond remains moderate in size (20-30 cm wide roset).

076 POT

PG7

076 XL

PG12

068 POT

PG7

074D POT

PG8

37

Echinodorus Red Special

Echinodorus Reni

Echinodorus Ros

Echinodorus Red Special is a hybrid of several different cultivated plants, characterised by copper-coloured, spatula-shaped leaves. In some cases these have darker red patches. The plant grows abundantly in a compact shape (approximately 20-30 cm tall and wide), and is very decorative as a solitary plant.

Reni is a well-known cultivar characterised by being amongst the smallest of the red Echinodorus, 15-40 cm tall and a roset from 15-25 wide. The new leaves of the plant are reddish-brown to deep beetroot in colour. It can be used in small aquariums and is unpretentious. The plant requires a lot of light and nourishment for optimal colour development.

This beautiful plant is a hybrid between Echinodorus horemanii Red and Echinodorus horizontalis. It was first produced in 1986 by Hans Barth in Dessau and becomes 25-40 cm tall and a rosette from 15-25 cm wide. New underwater leaves are a beautiful pink, and initially the leaves have red-brown spots. A nutritious bottom promotes growth, but otherwise Echinodorus Ros is undemanding and thus an excellent plant for beginners.

073J POT

PG8

072D POT

PG8

072B POT

PG8

072B XL

PG12

38

Echinodorus Rubin

Echinodorus tenellus

Echinodorus uruguayensis

Echinodorus Rubin is a decorative hybrid between Echinodorus horemanii Red and Echinodorus Barthii with up to 60 cm long leaves and a roset from 20-40 cm wide. The transparent, ruby-red leaves with light leaf ribs provide a particularly intensive sheen. An undemanding plant whose growth is stimulated by CO2 addition and a nutritious bottom. A good solitary plant for large aquariums.

Small foreground plants for aquariums are in short supply, but Echinodorus tenellus from North America is one of the best. The runners spread round the aquarium. A true lawn effect appr. 5-10 cm tall is only achieved at high light intensities, so you must make sure larger plants do not overshadow the plant. Plant individual plants a couple of centimetres apart (easiest with tweezers).

Echinodorus uruguayensis from South America has long, narrow, transparent, dark-green leaves 20-55 cm long, making it a very beautiful solitary plant for large aquariums. The leaf length and width vary considerably. In good growing conditions it forms an unusual number of leaves (10-30 cm wide roset), and a nutritious bottom and CO2 addition and slightly acidic water promote growth.

074B POT

PG8

074B XL

PG13

067 POT

PG8

070A POT

PG8

39

Echinodorus Vesuvius

Echinodorus Barthii

Egeria densa

Echinodorus Vesuvius is a cultured species based on Echinodorus angustifolia from Oriental Aquarium Plants. The narrow and twisted green leaves makes it an unusual addition to the Echinodorus family. The rosette species grows vigorously with many medium length and narrow leaves (10-20 cm tall), and is highly decorative as a solitary plant (rosette 10-15 cm wide). Vesuvius spreads readily with runners.

The cultivar Echinodorus Barthii is a decorative and beautiful solitary plant for large aquariums. It becomes 25-50 cm tall and the whole rosette 20-30 cm wide. The leaves change colour from dark-red in the youngest leaves to dark-green in the oldest. The colour develops well when the light intensity is high and there are sufficient micro-nutrients in the aquarium.

The cosmopolitan Egeria densa is a good plant for beginners, and its rapid growth helps create a balance in the aquarium from the start. Stems grows fast to 40-100 cm and becomes 2-4 cm wide. Egeria helps preventing algae because it absorbs a great number of nutrients from the water. The plant secretes antibiotic substances which can help prevent blue-green algae (a type of bacteria).

067C POT

PG9

072A POT

PG8

072A XL

PG12

058 BDT

PG3

40

Eleocharis parvula

Eleocharis sp. Mini

Fissidens fontanus

The cosmopolitan Eleocharis parvula has short leaves and fast growth making it one of the most impressive carpetforming foreground plants, 3-10 cm tall depending on light conditions. It spreads rapidly by runners. It is a relatively easy and undemanding plant that does best with good light and a nutritious substrate.

Eleocharis sp. mini has even lower growth than the common Eleocharis parvula and was given to Tropica by Thomas Barr from US. Plant the mini-version in small portions covering a larger area. In short time, a dense carpet will be obtained. Needs light to perform optimal, however, it is one of the most secure species for creating a carpet and a minimum of maintenance since leaves stays small (3-5 cm).

This featherlike Fissidens-moss with tight deep green down comes from North America. It grows relatively slow and requires much more light than other mosses. Suitable for binding roots and stones both vertically and horizontally in the aquarium.

132C POT

PG7

132B TC

PG7

002F POR

PG9

41

Fontinalis sp. Willow

Glossostigma elatinoides

Hemianthus callitrichoides Cuba

Fontinalis antipyretica looks best when it reaches a bigger size. Hence, the light green tips of each darker green stem becomes visible. Fontinalis is an unassuming and easy moss, which do well also at lower temperatures, and does well in many types of aquariums.

Glossostigma elatinoides from New Zealand is much in demand in Japanese-inspired aquariums. It is one of the smallest aquarium plants (2-3 cm tall), and thus a good foreground plant. A difficult plant demanding a lot of light. Grows upwards if light is poor. Make sure larger plants do not overshadow it. CO2 addition and soft water promote growth significantly.

Hemianthus callitrichoides is one of the smallest aquarium plants in the world, and creeps over the bottom with millimetre-sized round leaves. If planted in small clumps a few centimetres apart, it will spread rapidly and cover the bottom like a carpet. Hemianthus callitrichoides is an attractive foreground plant for small aquariums. Found on Cuba west of Havana.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

003F POR

PG9

045A POT

PG6

045A TC

PG7

048B POT

PG7

048B TC

PG7

048B YLS

PG10

42

Hemianthus micranthemoides

Heteranthera zosterifolia

Hydrocotyle tripartita

Hemianthus micranthemoides from North America is a graceful plant whose small, arched leaves make it look like a miniature version of Egeria. It has a characteristic trailing growth in intensive light, so it can be used as a foreground plant (stems from 10-20 cm tall, 2-3 cm wide). A compact group of Hemianthus micranthemoides is very beautiful with its small, light-green leaves.

Heteranthera zosterifolia from South America is an extremely beautiful plant which forms a lot of side shoots and thus quickly forms a bushy plant group. Stems can become 30-50 cm tall and 6-12 cm wide. In strong light growth is intensive, and the plant must be pruned before it becomes so compact that no light reaches the lower leaves.

Hydrocotyle tripartita is characterised by fast, compact growth and small, intensive green leaves on vertical stems. The plant is carpet-forming (5-10 cm tall) and its compact growth can be promoted by physically pressing the carpet with your hand when maintaining your aquarium (mechanical retardation). Carpet formation and compact growth do best in good light.

048A POT

PG7

096 TC

PG7

039B POT

PG7

43

Hydrocotyle verticillata

Hygrophila corymbosa

Hygrophila corymbosa Angustifolia

Unlike other Hydrocotyle species, this plant retains its trailing growth form. Verticillata originates from America and becomes 3-7 cm tall. Optimum growth is only achieved in strong light and soft, slightly acidic water. It does not need to be rooted, but can be used as a floating plant. Hydrocotyle verticillata is definitely a foreground plant which can also be used in garden ponds.

Hygrophila corymbosa is an undemanding starter plant that originates from Asia. In the aquarium it will spread fast and create bright green, long and wide leaves. It is a fast growing plant that must be pruned frequently. New shoots will spread from the stem and make the plant look bushier. The cuttings can be re-planted in the bottom of the aquarium where new roots form quickly.

This plant originates from South-East Asia and stems become 25-60 cm long with 10 cm long leaves. Under water Hygrophila corymbosa Angustifolia has relatively narrow leaves which are grouped close together. Plants sold in the shops are normally cultivated above water, and have rounder leaves with larger gaps between them.

039 POT

PG6

053 BDT

PG3

052A POT

PG5

44

Hygrophila corymbosa Siamensis

Hygrophila corymbosa Siamensis 53B

Hygrophila difformis

Siamensis originates from Thailand and have stems from 15-40 cm and 10-15 cm wide. Leaves are light-green and dense. In open aquariums Hygrophila corymbosa Siamensis grows easily above the water surface, where it forms blue-green leaves and small blue flowers. It grows fast and the shoots must be pinched out regularly if you want to keep the plant under water. An extremely hardy plant, suitable for beginners.

Hygrophila corymbosa Siamensis 53B is a variety of Hygrophila corymbosa Siamensis. This Hygrophila Siamensis 53B forms an incredible amount of side shoots and becomes bushy relatively rapidly. Stems becomes 15-40 cm tall and 7-12 cm wide. Its beautiful bright green leaves are narrower than the regular Siamensis and it can achieve red-brown leaves in good light conditions.

Hygrophila difformis from Asia is beautiful and undemanding. Stems becomes 20-30 cm tall and 6-12 cm wide. A plant for beginners which can help create a balance in the aquarium from the start. Its rapid growth helps prevent algae because the plant absorbs a great number of nutrients from the water. The shortage of micronutrients leads to pale leaves, which may be an indication that the aquarium needs fertiliser.

053A POT

PG5

053A XL

PG10

053B POT

PG5

051 BDT

PG3

45

Hygrophila pinnatifida

Hygrophila polysperma

Hygrophila polysperma Rosanervig

Hygrophila pinnatifida originates from India. It obtains brown, patched leaves on the surface with a distinctive burgundy colour underneath. It creates horizontal side shoots and the top shoots should be pinched out in order to maintain compact and attractive growth. The horizontal side shoots easily attach to both wood and rocks. Stems 15-40 cm tall, and the colour is attractive when planted in small groups with a plain background.

Hygrophila polysperma from South-East Asia is one of the hardiest aquarium plants available. Stems becomes 25-40 cm. It is particularly good for beginners because it grows in almost all conditions. It normally grows so fast that it is important to prevent it crowding out other plants. Hygrophila polysperma varies considerably in leaf shape and colour, depending to some extent on the light supplied.

Hygrophila polysperma Rosanervig is normally an undemanding plant. But if you want deep-pink leaves you must provide intensive light. Stems becomes 20-40 cm tall and 5-8 cm wide. The distinctive colouring of the light leaf ribs is probably caused by a virus which prevents chlorophyll from being produced in the cells around the leaf ribs, making them white.

WOOD 12-25 CM

051A POT

PG8

051A YWS

PG10

050 POT

PG6

050B POT

PG6

46

Hygrophila sp. Araguaia

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis

Lilaeopsis mauritiana

Araguaia is a river system in Brazil and it is under this name that the plant has become known. There are many signs, however, that the plant is a Hygrophila lancea from Japan and Hong Kong. The stem becomes 10-20 cm tall. It has compact, tight-sitting leaves and grows branches easily. Pinching of the stems maintains a bushy look. The plant is reddish brown to purple in colour and is promoted by good growth conditions.

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis from South America can grow very compact, but a lawn effect (4-7 cm tall) is only achieved at high light intensity. When planting in the aquarium small clumps (approx. 1/8 pot) should be placed a few centimetres apart to help the plants grow together more quickly. Place in an open position without shading from other plants to ensure good light.

This Lilaeopsis species demands less light than Lilaeopsis brasiliensis, and stays also low (5-10 cm lawn). Tropicas founder, Holger Windelv, found it on Mauritius in 1992. The plants height and distance between its leaves depend on the light intensity. The more light it gets, the lower the plant and the denser the leaves. The runners spread round the aquarium. Should be planted like Lilaeopsis brasiliensis.

051B POT

PG7

040 POT

PG6

040 TC

PG7

040B POT

PG7

47

Limnobium laevigatum

Limnophila aquatica

Limnophila sessiliflora

Limnobium laevigatum from South America is a decorative floating plant that is particularly suitable for open aquariums. 1-5 cm tall and leaves from 5-15 cm wide. It is also good in traditional aquariums, because the fine, long and decorative roots provide protection to gouramies and other surface fish that like the roots of floating plants.

An extremely beautiful aquarium plant circled by light-green and finely branched leaves from South-East Asia. In the right growing conditions with added CO2 and a nutritious bottom this plant grows fast and can become 25-50 cm long and each stem up to 15 cm wide. In good light it forms horizontal side shoots and becomes attractive and bushy. Most decorative when several stems are planted in a small group.

Limnophila sessiliflora is a good and undemanding plant from South-East Asia which is a good alternative to Cabomba, which demands a lot of light. Stems grows fast up to 40 cm long and becomes 3-4 cm wide. The plant often grows leggy in poor light, but this can be counteracted to some extent by stimulating growth by CO2 addition. Most beautiful when planted in groups.

063 POR

PG7

046 POT

PG7

047 POT

PG6

48

Lindernia rotundifolia

Lobelia cardinalis

Ludwigia arcuata

Lindernia rotundifolia grows on sandy banks along streams in Asia. The plant is undemanding and the stems with marbled leaves quickly form compact groups. Lindernia rotundifolia is suitable both for background and as a solitary mid-ground plant with leaves growing tightly from top to bottom. A good starter plant that thrives under most conditions.

Lobelia cardinalis grows wild in Northern America. In the nursery this plant is cultivated in marshy conditions, forming dark-green leaves which are purple underneath. In aquariums the leaves turn a beautiful shade of light-green, with stems 10-30 cm tall and 5-10 cm wide. It needs intensive light to thrive. Widely used in Dutch aquariums in so-called plant streets.

This is a narrow-leafed Ludwigia species from US, a plant with 25-50 long and 3-5 wide stems. It is often mistaken for Didiplis diandra. It requires a relatively large amount of light before forming a red stem and red leaves, and thrives best in slightly acidic, soft/medium hard water. The most decorative effect can be achieved by planting it in groups.

045 POT

PG6

053C POT

PG5

035 POT

PG7

49

Ludwigia glandulosa

Ludwigia repens Rubin

Marsilea hirsuta

Ludwigia glandulosa from North America is a very beautiful water plant. It is slow growing and requires CO2 addition to grow well. Stems becomes 15-40 cm tall and 5-12 cm wide. The leaves turn greener if sufficient light is provided. Used to be sold as Ludwigia perennis.

Variety of Ludwigia repens from North America with striking dark red leaves and stalk. Stems from 20-50 cm and 4-6 cm wide. It makes a fine colour contrast to the green shades in the aquarium. Plant in large groups to enhance the decorative effect, and prune regularly to encourage bushy growth. The plant makes few demands, but if light is insufficient the lower leaves tend to fall off.

Marsilea hirsuta is a carpet-plant from Australia. A fascinating plant, usually delivered with leaves like a four-leaf clover. After a transitional period it develops different types of leaves, possibly a low form with single leaves like a large Glossostigma, or alternatively develop two, three or fourlobed leaves varying in height (from 2-10 cm), depending on the growth conditions.

035A POT

PG5

033D POT

PG7

010 POT

PG5

010 TC

PG7

50

Microsorum pteropus

Microsorum pteropus is a water fern from Asia, 15-30 cm tall, which should be grown on a root or stone, attached with fishing line until it has gained a hold. If it is planted in the bottom, do not cover the rhizome because it will rot. Easy to propagate by splitting the horizontal rhizome. A hardy plant which grows in all conditions. The black spots under the leaves are sporangia (reproductive organs), not signs of disease as many believe.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

LAVA ROCK 20-30 CM

WOOD 12-25 CM

WOOD 30-40 CM

WOOD 30-40 CM

WOOD WITH SUCTION, 30-40 CM

008 POT

PG8

008 XL

PG12

008 YLS

PG11

008 YLX

PG13

008 YWS

PG11

008 YWX

PG13

008N YWX

PG13

500 OWX

PG13

51

Micranthemum umbrosum

Microsorum pteropus Narrow

Micranthemum umbrosum is a beautiful plant from US with small round leaves. It is suitable for small or large aquariums with stems becoming 10-25 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. Relatively demanding in terms of light. CO2 addition is recommended to promote growth. Once the plant starts growing it grows fast, and the shoots have to be pinched out often (can be planted as cuttings in the bottom).

Microsorum pteropus is a highly variable species, and new varieties are easily bred. Microsorum pteropus Narrow has narrower leaves, which grow at a less acute angle from the stem than the normal Microsorum pteropus. Leaves becomes 10-20 cm and a rhizome from 10-15 cm or more. The plant attaches readily to roots and stones. A decorative plant, which is also suitable for smaller aquariums.

WOOD 12-25 CM

WOOD 30-40 CM

WOOD WITH SUCTION, 12-25 CM

048 POT

PG7

008A POT

PG8

008A YWS

PG11

008A YWX

PG13

008A ZWS

PG12

52

Microsorum pteropus Windelv

Microsorum pteropus Windelv is a patented variety of Microsorum pteropus, named after Tropicas founder Holger Windelv. Its finely branched leaf tips make it one of the most beautiful aquarium plants. The Microsorum variety becomes 15-20 cm tall and wide. A hardy and easy plant for both beginners and the more experienced. Best results are obtained by planting it on a stone or tree root.

WOOD 7-10 CM

WOOD 12-25 CM

WOOD 30-40 CM

WOOD WITH SUCTION, 7-10 CM

WOOD WITH SUCTION, 12-25 CM

HALF COCONUT

008B POT

PG8

008B YWM

PG9

008B YWS

PG11

008B YWX

PG13

008B ZWM

PG10

008B ZWS

PG12

510 YCS

PG12

53

Monosolenium tenerum

Myriophyllum mattogrossense

Myriophyllum mattogrossense Red

The Asian Monosolenium tenerum is an attractive liverwort, 2-5 cm high, which looks most like a giant Riccia that simply stays at the bottom, where it forms cushions. It is a brittle plant, and pieces break off easily, so it is best to place it in the aquarium attached to stones with fishing line or in small clumps among other plants such as Eleocharis. Once Monosolenium has established itself, it is very undemanding.

Myriophyllum matogrossense originates from Matto Grosso in the Rio Amazonas, Brazil. It has decorative and feather-like, reddish stems (30-60 cm long) and finely divided bright green leaves (5 cm wide). In good light conditions the leaves spread out in a fan shape. Myriophyllum is relatively easy and is suitable for the background. A good starter plant.

The orange-red variety of Myriophyllum mattogrossense from South America demands high light and nutrient levels to develop optimally. It becomes 20-60 cm tall and each stem 3-4 cm wide. Myriophyllum should be planted in the center or background of the aquarium, and as a contrast to green plants. The variety is fast growing and must be trimmed often to keep a dense, compact growth. Cutted stems can be planted next to the group to obtain an ever denser group.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

002C POR

PG7

002C YLS

PG10

037 POT

PG7

037D POT

PG7

54

Nesaea crassicaulis

Nymphaea lotus

Nymphoides sp. Taiwan

Nesaea crassicaulis from Africa is a beautiful and highly recommended aquarium plant, although it has high demands for light. It has red-brown, cognac-coloured leaves. Stems becomes 30-50 cm and 8-15 cm wide. Grows best in soft and slightly acidic water. Make sure the lower leaves get sufficient light, otherwise they will die off.

A beautiful and very varied species from West Africa with leaves of green to red-brown and varying numbers of purple spots. Can grow from 20-80 cm tall. Before forming floating leaves Nymphaea lotus (zenkeri) forms many underwater leaves. If you dont want floating leaves, prune the roots and leaves. The beautiful, aromatic flowers can be fully appreciated in open aquariums. Recommended as a solitary plant for large aquariums.

Nymphoides sp. grows in Asia and Africa - and this variant of the species originates from southern Taiwan. The rosette plant can become 15-25 cm tall and 10-15 cm wide. This variant is characterised by many underwater leaves and the intense, light-green, transparent colour of the plant. The plant is fast-growing and it is necessary to thin out the leaves (remove oldest leaves and surface leaves).

033B POT

PG5

019 POT

PG9

019 KN

PG7

041B POT

PG8

041B TC

PG7

55

Pogostemon erectus

Pogostemon helferi

Pogostemon stellata

The Indian Pogostemon erectus forms compact groups of bright green, conifer-like stems, 10-20 cm tall and 1-3 cm wide. Pogostemon erectus is suitable as a background plant and creates a wonderful focal point in both smaller and larger groups. Intense light helps the plant to stay compact for a longer period. Moderate growth and vigorous roots.

This plant was discovered by aquarists in Thailand, close to the border with Burma. It is called Downoi (little star) in Thailand, and it is easy to see why (5-10 cm tall and wide). Pogostemon helferi is an unusual and distinctive aquatic plant with a compact habit, curly leaves and a strikingly beautiful green colour.

Pogostemon stellata from Asia and Australia is distinguished by its beautiful shape and colour. Stems from 20-60 cm and up to 10 cm wide. It is difficult to grow in aquariums. It requires intensive light and the addition of CO2 to grow well. The shortage of micronutrients leads to pale leaves, which may be an indication that the aquarium needs fertiliser.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

053F POT

PG8

053F TC

PG7

053H POT

PG8

053H YLS

PG10

053G POT

PG7

56

Proserpinaca palustris Cuba

Ranunculus inundatus

Riccardia chamedryfolia

Proserpinaca is a stem plant, 10-40 cm tall and 5-10 cm wide. Cultivated above water and delivered with saw-toothed leaves, which after a transitional period in the aquarium develop into long, finely denticulated, needle-like leaves. In good light conditions it turns a beautiful copper colour. The Tropica cultivar is found on the Isla de la Juventud off Cuba. In the USA the plant is commonly known as mermaid weed.

This species comes from Australia and becomes 5-10 cm tall. There are many species and variants of Ranunculus, which grow coarse and leggy in aquariums. Ranunculus inundatus is characterised by its compact form and distinguished, deep-lying umbrellas. The plant forms many vertical runners with new plants and over time thick bottom coverage is formed. Good lighting produces compact growth. Long leaves can be pruned.

Coral moss - thick and compact moss species with an intense, deep green colour from Asia, 1-3 cm tall. Riccardia is specially suited for attaching to branches and stones. The moss grows slowly and is easily overgrown by algae or other mosses. Riccardia requires more light than other moss species.

037C POT

PG8

022C POT

PG7

003D POR

PG9

57

Riccia fluitans

Rotala macrandra

Rotala rotundifolia

Japanese Takashi Amano has inspired many aquarium owners to keep the 1-5 cm tall cosmopolitic moss, Riccia fluitans, submerged. It can be kept down by tying it to a stone with a piece of fishing line, but new shoots always grow towards the surface, so it may be necessary to prune it with scissors. Riccia fluitans thrives best with added CO2 and in good growing conditions small oxygen bubbles form on the leaf tips.

Rotala macrandra is an unusually beautiful aquarium plant, but unfortunately it is very demanding. It needs very good light to develop its beautiful red colour, and CO2 addition and soft water are vital to ensure reasonable growth. It is most beautiful in groups, but do not plant individual shoots too close because this will prevent light reaching the lower leaves.

The Latin name means the plant with the round leaves. But this only applies to the marsh variety, which has circular leaves. Rotala rotundifolia from South-East Asia has long, thin leaves (2-3 cm wide) and 15-30 long stems. Unlike other Rotala species it is relatively undemanding, although it needs good light to produce red leaves. It forms side shoots willingly, becoming compact and bushy.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

001 POR

PG7

001 TC

PG7

001 YLS

PG10

032 TC

PG7

033 POT

PG5

58

Rotala sp. Green

Rotala wallichii

Sagittaria subulata

The asiatic Rotala sp. Green is very similar to Rotala rotundifolia, but its leaves remain fresh and bright green, even with intensive light. Stems becomes 40-50 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. The plant forms many side shoots willingly and obtains a beautiful, bushy and hanging growth. It should be pruned frequently to maintain healthy growth. An ideal starter plant that looks best when planted in large groups.

Rotala wallichii is a demanding, South-asiatic stem plant that develops red shoot tips in good light conditions. Stems from 10-30 cm and approximately 5 cm wide. The most decorative effect can be achieved by planting a large number of stems in a group. CO2 addition boosts growth considerably. It also prefers soft, slightly acidic water.

Sagittaria subulata from South America is an ideal, undemanding foreground plant whose short runners form a compact group. Place individual plants 2-4 cm apart. This plant may cause problems because in certain conditions it suddenly grows to a height of 50 cm when it grows older. But if it is then moved into the background it may become low again.

033A POT

PG6

032A POT

PG7

079 POT

PG7

59

Salvinia natans

Shinnersia rivularis Weiss-Grn

Staurogyne repens

Salvinia natans is a cosmopolitic floating fern, 1-3 cm, that grows quickly if there is sufficient nutrition and light. Light leaves are a sign of a shortage of micronutrients. It tends to shade light from the plants at the bottom. Salvinia varieties have small hairs on their leaves, making them water resistant. Helps prevent algae by shading parts of the aquarium and using nutrients in the water.

Variety of Shinnersia rivularis, distinguished by the white veins on the leaves, 30-60 cm long and up to 10 cm wide stems. This colour mutation was discovered at the Dennerle aquarium plant nursery. The plant grows rapidly and soon reaches the water surface, but shoots can simply be pinched off and planted back on the bottom.

Staurogyne repens is a fresh green, compact and hardy plant for the foreground of the aquarium and it was found in River Rio Cristalino in the southern Amazonas. Staurogyne has a compact, low and bushy stature (5-10 cm). During planting in the aquarium, the longest upright shoots should be cut off and new horizontally creeping shoots will soon form from the plant basis and gradually colonize the gravel.

011 POR

PG6

053E POT

PG7

049G POT

PG8

049G TC

PG7

60

Taxiphyllum barbieri

Taxiphyllum sp. Spiky

Taxiphyllum barbieri from South-East Asia is a hardy plant which makes few demands on the water or light. The moss becomes 3-10 cm thick and grows willingly on any surface, so it is ideal for decorating stones and tree roots or concealing installations in the aquarium. Attach the plant with a piece of fishing line or cotton thread until it has gained a hold on the dcor. If its growth becomes too luxuriant, it can be pruned with scissors.

Best described as Christmas moss big brother, but from Asia, 2-10 cm tall, rougher and bigger with deep green, branched shoots. Spiky moss does best on vertical surfaces where the branched shoots settle in. It grows fast and requires a lot of light to do well.

LAVA ROCK 7-15 CM

003 POR

PG7

003 ST

PG8

003 TC

PG7

003 YLS

PG10

003G POR

PG8

61

Utricularia graminifolia

Vallisneria sp. Gigantea

Vallisneria sp. Natans

Utricularia graminifolia from Asia belongs to the bladderwort family. All the plants in this family are insect eating, perennial water and marsh plants. Bladder traps are a unique feature of this family, which Utricularia graminifolia forms after a short period of time in the aquarium. The species name means with grass like leaves and the fresh green leaves after a short period of time form a pretty mat which looks like a lawn (2-8 cm tall).

Vallisneria sp. Gigantea from Asia is an easy plant that grows fast, suitable for large aquariums. In most aquariums the leaves grow so long that they float on the surface (50150 cm, 2 cm wide). So the plant needs pruning to stop it taking too much light from plants growing beneath. The leaves are tough and strong, so they are not normally eaten by herbivorous fish.

Vallisneria sp. Natans from Asia is a hardy plant for beginners. It has fine, narrow leaves (50-100 cm long, 1 cm wide) so it does not overshadow other plants much. Easy to propagate using its many runners.

049B POT

PG8

054 POT

PG8

054 PL

PG6

055 BDT

PG3

62

Vallisneria sp. Mini Twister

Vallisneria sp. Asiatica

Vallisneria nana

Vallisneria sp. Mini Twister is yet another graceful variety of Vallisneria americana. Mini Twister develops short, attractively twisted leaves (10-15 cm and 1-2 cm wide), and can thus be placed between foreground and background plants. Mini Twister is easy to grow and thrives even in less intensive light and without addition of CO2 to the water.

Vallisneria sp. Asiatica has twisted, green leaves that make a beautiful contrast when planted in groups. Its shorter leaves (20-30 cm) differ from most other Vallisneria species and do not overshadow other plants in the aquarium. An easy plant that readily propagates via runners.

Vallisneria nana from Australia is a solitary contrast plant with dark green, rosulate, narrow leaves (less than 1 cm). It is extremely suitable as a mid-ground plant, but can also be used as a background plant in small aquariums. The leaves are much narrower than with other species of Vallisneria, nor are they quite as long. In aquariums it typically grows to 30-50 cm, which no doubt reflects the different light and nutrient conditions.

056B POT

PG7

056A BDT

PG3

056C POT

PG7

63

Vallisneria spiralis Tiger

Vesicularia dubyana Christmas

Vesicularia ferriei Weeping

Vallisneria spiralis Tiger from Asia is an excellent plant for beginners, growing in virtually all light and water conditions. The name Tiger is due to its striped leaves (30-50 cm long, 1-2 cm wide). The relatively short leaves make it suitable for small aquariums, and the leaves are also narrow so they do not overshadow smaller plants. Forms runners easily, and is thus easy to propagate.

A moss speciality from Brasil, 1-3 cm tall, called Christmas tree moss, because of its side branch structure which distinguishes it from ordinary Vesicularia dubyana and looks like fir tree branches. It is more demanding than ordinary Java moss and grows more slowly. It attaches readily to roots and stones, and as it spreads in the water it needs pruning to keep its shape attractive.

Vesicularia ferriei Weeping, commonly known as Weeping Moss, is believed to originate from China and has been distributed by Oriental Aquarium Plants. Weeping is a fleshy, 1-3 cm tall hanging moss with teardrop-like bright green shoots. It is best attached to driftwood or roots, as its drooping growth pattern helps to create depth and contrast in the aquarium.

WOOD 12-25 CM

055A POT

PG7

003A POR

PG8

003A TC

PG7

003A YWS

PG9

003B POR

PG8

003B TC

PG7

64

Product overviewXL plantsAlternanthera reineckii Pink (roseafolia) Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia Bolbitis heudelotii Crinum calamistratum Crinum natans Crinum thaianum Cryptocoryne wendtii Tropica Echinodorus Barthii Echinodorus Ozelot Echinodorus Ozelot Green Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius Echinodorus Ros Echinodorus Rubin Hygrophila corymbosa Siamensis Microsorum pteropus

Nr.023 101U 006 094A 094 093 109E 072A 073F 073G 076 072B 074B 053A 008

SymbolMedium Easy Medium Easy Medium Easy Easy Easy Easy Easy Medium Easy Easy Easy Easy

Side21 23 28 30 30 31 33 40 36 36 37 38 39 45 51

MossFissidens fontanus Fontinalis sp. Willow Monosolenium tenerum Riccardia chamedryfolia Riccia fluitans Taxiphyllum barbieri Taxiphyllum sp. Spiky Vesicularia dubyana Christmas Vesicularia ferriei Weeping

Nr.002F 003F 002C 003D 001 003 003G 003A 003B

SymbolAdvanced Easy Easy Advanced Medium Easy Easy Medium Medium

Side41 42 54 57 58 61 61 64 64

1-2-Grow!Alternanthera reineckii Mini Ammania sp. Bonsai Eleocharis sp. Mini Glossostigma elatinoides Hemianthus callitrichoides Cuba Heteranthera zosterifolia Lilaeopsis brasiliensis Marsilea hirsuta Nymphoides sp. Taiwan Pogostemon erectus Riccia fluitans Rotala macrandra Staurogyne repens Taxiphyllum barbieri Vesicularia dubyana Christmas Vesicularia ferriei Weeping

Nr.023C 033E 132B 045A 048B 096 040 010 041B 053F 001 032 049G 003 003A 003B

SymbolMedium Medium Medium Advanced Advanced Easy Medium Medium Easy Medium Medium Advanced Easy Easy Medium Medium

Side21 22 41 42 42 43 47 50 55 56 58 58 60 61 64 64

Floating plantsAzolla caroliniana Ceratophyllum demersum Foxtail Limnobium laevigatum Riccia fluitans Salvinia natans

Nr.013 021A 063 001 011

SymbolEasy Easy Easy Medium Easy

Side27 29 48 58 60

AquaDecorAnubias barteri var. caladiifolia Anubias barteri var. nana Bolbitis heudelotii Cryptocoryne beckettii Petchii Hemianthus callitrichoides Cuba Hygrophila pinnatifida Microsorum pteropus Microsorum pteropus Narrow Microsorum pteropus Windelv Monosolenium tenerum Pogostemon helferi Riccia fluitans Taxiphyllum barbieri Vesicularia dubyana Christmas

Nr.101 101 006 108A 048B 051A 008 008A 008B 002C 053H 001 003 003A

SymbolEasy Easy Medium Easy Advanced Medium Easy Easy Easy Easy Medium Medium Easy Medium

Side23 24 28 31 42 46 51 52 53 54 56 58 61 64

Tuberous plantsAponogeton boivinianus Aponogeton longiplumulosus Aponogeton madagascariensis Aponogeton ulvaceus Nymphaea lotus

Nr.088 089D 089 086 019

SymbolMedium Medium Medium Medium Medium

Side25 26 26 26 55

BunchesAlternanthera reineckii Pink (roseafolia) Bacopa caroliniana Cabomba caroliniana Echinodorus bleheri Egeria densa Hygrophila corymbosa Hygrophila difformis Vallisneria sp. Natans Vallisneria sp. Asiatica

Nr.023 043 015 071 058 053 051 055 056A

SymbolMedium Easy Easy Easy Easy Easy Easy Easy Easy

Side21 27 28 35 40 44 45 62 63

Publisher: Tropica Aquarium Plants Mejlbyvej 200 8250 Egaa Denmark Tel.+45 86 22 05 66 Fax.+45 86 22 84 66 e-mail: tropica@tropica.dk www.tropica.com Advertising agency: envision Christiansgade 30 8000 Aarhus C Denmark Printer: Scanprint a/s All right reserved

Thanks to: Christel Kasselmann Claus Christensen Dan Crawford Eduard Gercog Eu It Hai George Farmer Jan Ole Pedersen Kirsten Hjrne Kirsten Tind Mark Evans Ole Pedersen Oliver Knott Tony Swinney Verner Hancke

65

AppendixStem (Egeria, Hygrophila, Ludwigia) If necessary, cut off the overgrown roots so that the pot and stone wool can be removed and the roots trimmed to approx. 4 cm. In case of bundle stem plants with a ceramic ring, remove the ceramic ring and the bottom leaves. Plant the stems one by one in a group. Rosette (Echinodorus, Cryptocoryne) If necessary, cut off the overgrown roots so that you can remove the pot and mineral wool. Trim the roots at approx. 4 cm. Divide into single rosettes and remove the oldest/outermost leaves. Plant alone or in a group.

Rhizomes (Anubias, Microsorum) If necessary, cut off the overgrown roots so that you can remove the pot and mineral wool. When planting in bundles, do not cover the rhizome or the plant will rotten. The plant can be bound or squeezed between stones or roots.

Bulbs and tubers (Crinum, Aponogeton) Remove the pot and the mineral wool. Cut any strong roots at approx. 4 cm. If there are several plants in the pot, separate them from each other. Plant Crinum with approx. of the bulb over the bottom layer. Tubers can be covered completely, but the shoot must be above the bottom layer.66

Stolons (Vallisneria, Lilaeopsis) Remove the pot and the mineral wool. If applicable, trim the roots at approx. 4 cm. Remove the ceramic ring from the bundles. Plant the stems one by one in a group. Lilaeopsis, however, in small portions.

Floating plants (Limnobium, Ceratophyllum) You can cut the very long roots and Ceratophyllum can be divided into small pieces. The plants are placed on the surface. Note the shading effect they have further down in the aquarium.

Moss (Taxiphyllum, Monosolenium) The portion can be divided into smaller portions. Used loosely floating in the aquarium or bound to stones/roots. Very small moss tufts can be inserted into the bottom layer to cover the bottom.

Bottom layer (Eleocharis, Glossostigma) Remove the pot and the excess mineral wool. Trim the mineral wool chunk at approx. 2 cm under plant level to use it as an anchor when planting. Divide into 4-10 portions and plant evenly over the area you wish to cover.

67

Tropica Aquarium Plants A/S Mejlbyvej 200 8250 Egaa Denmark Tel.+45 86 22 05 66 Fax.+45 86 22 84 66 e-mail: tropica@tropica.dk www.tropica.com

5 | 4 | DKK 40