TRMT 396 Lecture #2 Dan McDonald. Tourists seek authenticity amidst anomie (Durkheim) Dialectic...
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Transcript of TRMT 396 Lecture #2 Dan McDonald. Tourists seek authenticity amidst anomie (Durkheim) Dialectic...
Tourists seek authenticity amidst anomie (Durkheim)
Dialectic created on the production of ‘locality’
“Double framing’ occurs to separate /protect local lifeways (misinformation, satire, psychological distancing)
Tourists aware of this ‘backstage’ and desire it
Irony …↑ secrecy = ↑ attraction
Harkin, 2003
Construction of a “Performance Space”Retain integrity but meet
demandMuseums & Cultural
CentresStrategic shaping of the
message – using cultural symbols for contemporary political arguments
Stereotype & received history corrective
Harkin, 2003
Power of the Tourist culture can allow for a hegemonic construction of the host
Tourist channeled to dichotomize into Self and ‘Other’ (Foucault)
Indigenous needs only visible in the exchange based on tourist needs for authenticity
Tourists destinations as places for viewing rather than interaction
Conforming to ExpectationWearing & Darcy, 2011
Tourists?
There is no unity or fixity to host cultures (Bhahba)
Signs can be appropriated, translated, re-historicized, and read anew
Difference without inferiorization and identity fixity
Implies a two-way flow of cultural material & ideas
Creation of a ‘Third Space’
Connerton (1989) Collective Memories of a
people Experience of the present
depends of the knowledge of the past
Stories legitimate a social order
Said (1994) “nations are stories” The power to narrate is
central to a culture
Control of Stories and memories= Power
“Incanismo” in Peru (Hill, 2007)
Land claims and modern treaty environment in Canada
Treaty of Waitangi reassertion
“La Ruta Maya” and the rise of nationalism
Successful economic transformation (e.g. tourism) based on sovereignty (The Harvard Project)
Identity a contested spaceWorld Council of Indigenous
Peoples (1974-1996) Descendants of inhabitants at time of
colonization Non-dominant in society Residents of the 4th World (Manuel)
UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (to present) Historical continuity
Butler & Hinch Self-identify & others see as distinct Different linguistic identity Traditions distinct & desire to remain so Traditional systems of production Unique ties to territory & resources
CONTROL
Low High
T HEME
Culture Dispossessed
CultureControlled
Non-IndigenousTourism
DiversifiedTourism
Smith’s 4 H’s Habitat Heritage History Handicrafts
Majority Aboriginal owned and controlled plus sufficient cultural content that is culturally appropriate and recognized by the originators of that culture
(ATBC)
pre
absent
Butler & Hinch, 2007
Expectation can lead to ‘Cultural Triage’
Are dichotomy & differentiation necessary in tourism?
What is the relationship between hybridity, globalization and differentiation?
Shifting story can create space
What is sufficient cultural content?
Anderson, A. (2009). Reclaiming our Vision: Aboriginal People in the Performing Arts. [Powerpoint slides] October 26th lecture.
Connerton, . (1989). How Societies Remember. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Michael D. Hill (2007): Contesting Patrimony: Cusco's Mystical Tourist Industry and the Politics of Incanismo , Ethnos, 72:4, 433-460
Said, E. (1994). Culture and Imperialism. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
The Harvard Project. Retrieved from http://hpaied.org/