Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat
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Transcript of Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat
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*Lisa Pohlman, *Marjory Artzer, **Verona Chaffin
*Kansas State University, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology,**Allcare Animal Hospital, Shawnee,KS
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
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History; 16-week-old intact female, Bengal (Poppy)RDVM December 28, 2007Diarrhea, seromucoid nasal discharge & mild failure to thrive
De-wormed, antibiotics, SC fluids & sent home January 7th Recheck Nasal discharge had cleared Diarrhea worse → diagnosed coccidia
AlbonJanuary 11th RecheckDiarrhea Fecal wet mount → abundant motile organisms
A video recording of the organisms A saline diluted, air-dried fecal smear
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
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Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
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A variety of bacteria (mostly rods), debris, and protozoal organisms (9 to 12 um x 6 to 9 um) with 3 anterior flagella, 1 posterior flagella,1 nucleus, undulating membrane, central axostyle
Wright’s 100x
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Further tests & DiagnosisCulture (In PouchTM TF-Feline)
PCR
Tritrichomonas foetus
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TrichomonadsPrimitive eukaryotic organisms Obligate protozoan symbionts Multiple anterior flagella Undulating membrane Reproduction via binary fission Trophozoites are transferred from host to host directly Commensal & pathogenic species identified
Tritrichomonas foetus -- pathogenic Pentatrichomonas hominis – non-pathogenic
Tritrichomonas foetus
http://vetsci.sdstate.edu/vetext/Trichomoniasis%20Range%20Beef%20Cow%20Symposium%20web.htm
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Tritrichomonas foetus Cattle
Venereal pathogen
Pigsgastrointestinal tract & nasal mucosa
T. foetus = T. suis
Dogs Diarrhea
CatsEnteric pathogen of catsUterus
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T. foetus; Enteric Pathogen in Cats Colonizes colon+/- observable symptoms
Chronic diarrheaFeces dribble from anus
Young, densely housed cats~1/3 of the purebred feline population infectedAbsence of diarrhea ≠ cat free of infectionMisidentified as
Giardia Pentatrichomonas hominis
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Pentatrichomonas Tritrichomonas Giardia spp. hominis foetus
http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~samacha/CareF/SickF/Protozo/Proto.html
• Non-pathogenic • 5 anterior flagella
http://winnielovesus.blogspot.com/2007/09/one-week-done-35-to-go.html
http://vetsci.sdstate.edu/vetext/Trichomoniasis%20Range%20Beef%20Cow%20Symposium%20web.htm
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
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Histologic Features of T. foetusM. J. Yaeger & J. L. Gookin, Vet Pathol 42:797-804 (2005)
Colonic trichomonads (6 sections recommended)Lymphoplasmacytic & neutrophilic colitisEosinophils not a prominent featureCrypt epithelial cell
HypertrophyHyperplasia↑ mitotic activity↓ goblet cells
Crypt microabscessesAttenuated superficial colonic mucosa+/- Macrophages
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Prognosis & Other ConcernsInfected CatsNo effective antibiotic treatmentOverall health not adversely affected~90% diarrhea will stop within two years Remain source of infection to other catsHypothesisProlonged presence of organisms
Predisposition to IBD?
Zoonotic Potential?Human infection with T. foetus (1 case)
Immunosuppressed & previous stem cell transplantation Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
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Unresponsive to antimicrobial treatment
T.foetus
PCR
Saline diluted feces Motile organisms Air dried smear
CultureIn PouchTM TF media
HistopathologyMin. 6 sections
M. J. Yaeger and J. L. GookinVet Pathol 42:797-804 (2005)With Permission
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
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AcknowledgementsShon KoenigShelly ChristensonNathan Rodriguez
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only