TRInCo-2019 19th - 20th September, 2019 · TRInCo-2019 19th - 20th September, 2019 i Trincomalee...

TRInCo-2019 19th - 20th September, 2019

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Trincomalee Campus,

Eastern University, Sri Lanka

ABSTRACTS

4th ANNUAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE- 2019

2019

19th - 20th September, 2019


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©Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

Abstracts of the

4th ANNUAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE - TRInCo-2019

Trincomalee Campus


All rights reserved. No part of this

publication may be reproduced, stored in a

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recording or otherwise, without prior

permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-624-5186-00-6

Published by:

Trincomalee Campus,


September 2019


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EDITORIAL BOARD

4th Annual Research Conference

TRInCo-2019

EDITOR – IN – CHIEF

Prof. V. Kanagasingam

EDITORIAL BOARD

Dr. V. Anavarathan Ms. E.W.M.S. Boyagoda Ms. Anuja Raveenther Dr. B. Uthayanan Dr. T. Bhavan Dr. K. Premakumar Dr. M. Koneswaran Dr. M. Rajendran Ms. Diluxshy Ravichandran Mr. M. Ramanan EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS

Ms. F. Antanat Shamila

Ms. Shalomi Varathaseelan

http://www.fcm.esn.ac.lk/index.php/t-bhavan

http://www.fag.esn.ac.lk/index.php/k-premakumar

http://www.fsc.esn.ac.lk/index.php/m-koneswaran


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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

4th Annual Research Conference

TRInCo-2019

CO-CHAIRS Dr. V. Anavarathan & Ms. E.W.M.S. Boyagoda CO-SECRETARIES Ms. Anuja Raveenther & Dr. B. Uthayanan

COORDINATOR OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FORUM Ms. Diluxshy Ravichandran ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Prof. F. C. Ragel, Professor of Physics, Vice Chancellor, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

Prof. Nilanthi De Silva, Director/Quality Assurance Council, UGC, Sri Lanka

Prof. P. Vinobaba, Senior professor in Zoology, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

Mr. Manoj Gupta, MD, Lanka Indian Oil Corporation PLC, Sri Lanka

Prof. P. Balasundarampillai, Professor of Geography, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

Dr. S.T.W.S. Yapa, University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, Sri Lanka

Prof. Athula Gnanapala, Professor in Tourism Management, Sabaragamuwa University, Sri Lanka

Mr. Aruna Dayanatha, Director, Right-X (Pvt.) Ltd., Sri Lanka

Eng. T. Thavasilingam, Chairman, NGO Consortium, Trincomalee District, Sri Lanka


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COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Ms. S. Kumuthinidevi

Mr. S. Thadchanamoorthy

Dr. V.J. Naveenraj

Dr. (Ms) Vijitha Paheerathan

Ms. Subathini Priyashanthan

Mr. S. Loheeswaran

Dr. Rohan Savarimuttu

Mr. T. Baskar

Ms. V. Leninkumar

Dr. S. Ushakanthan

Ms. S. Sivapriya

Mr. D.R. Lakjeewa

Ms. Kedhika Subramaniam

Ms. K.G.L.A.N.S. Jayawardhana

Mr. E.B. Veerasingam

Mr. V. Jeniston Delima

Ms. Arthika Rajaratnam

Ms. Y. Kalyani

Ms. T. Thanujan

Mr. A. Suthakaran

Mr. W. Sriwatsan

Mr. B. Christo Paul

Ms. K. Sefra Sanjika

Ms. D. Saraniya

Mr. W.M. S. Dananjaya

Ms. Shamini Howshigan

Dr. (Ms) V. Varuna

Mr. M.M.P.S. Kodikara

Mr. B. Sarangan

Ms. M. Gunarathna

Mr. S. Rushanthan

Ms. M. Ramya

Ms. Isurika Jayasekara

Ms. K.T.P.C. Somarathna

Lt. P. Krishnaprabu

Ms. M. Jathurika

Mr. Thasan Leenas

Mr. S. Paranthaman

Ms. G. Thenmolie

Mr. J. Janarththanan

Mr. S. Brinthapan

Mr. S. Sriram


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LIST OF REVIEWERS

1. Senior Prof. T. Jayasingam, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

2. Senior Prof. (Mrs.) Thevaki Mahendran, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

3. Senior Prof. Subasinghe, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka

4. Prof. (Mrs.) WGD Lakmini, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka

5. Prof. (Mrs.) S.C. Jayamanne, Uwa Wellasa University, Sri Lanka

6. Prof. M.I.M. Mowjood, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

7. Prof. G. Mikunthan, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

8. Prof. Mapa Thilakarathne, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

9. Prof. Kamal Waleboda, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

10. Dr. Aruna Manipura, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

11. Dr. (Ms) D.A.U.D. Devasinghe, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

12. Dr. (Mrs.) Niruba Sarath Jayasundara, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University Sri Lanka

13. Dr. (Mrs.) N.M.N.K. Narayana, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka

14. Dr. T. Mathiventhan, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

15. Dr. (Mrs.) Vijitha Paheerathan, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

16. Dr. N. Varnakulendram, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University Sri Lanka

17. Dr. V. Anavarathan, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University Sri Lanka

18. Dr. K. Arulanandem, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

19. Dr. S. Ushakanthan, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

20. Dr. (Mrs.) Balamanohary Uthayanan, Trincomalle Campus, Eastern University Sri Lanka

21. Dr. Kavuriel Eliyas Karunakaran, Eastern University, Sri Lanka


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22. Dr. (Mrs.) Thayalini Thileepan, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

23. Dr. (Mrs.) Kalaichelvi Sounthararajan, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

24. Dr. (Ms.) Vinotha Sanmugarajah, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

25. Dr. Poongothai Selvarajan, Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

26. Dr. T. Prabaharan, Eastern University Sri Lanka

27. Dr. Anthony Andrew, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

28. Dr. Thanabalsingam Krishnamohan, Eastern University Sri Lanka

29. Dr. N. Kengatharan, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

30. Dr. Yogarajah Nanthagopan, Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

31. Dr. Malini Balamayuran, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

32. Dr. S. Sivayokan, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

33. Dr. S. Raguram, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

34. Dr. Nagoor Gafoordeen, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

35. Dr. V.J. Naveenraj, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

36. Dr. (Mrs.) Viviyan Sathiyaseelan, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

37. Dr. J. Kennedy, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

38. Dr. S. Vasantharuba, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

39. Dr. K.T. Sundaresan, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

40. Dr. (Mrs.) Amani Mannakkara, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka

41. Dr. (Mrs.) R.H.M. Kamani Rathnayake, Wayamba University, Sri Lanka

42. Dr. M.S.M. Saleem, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

43. Dr. (Mrs) Pretheeba Pratheesh, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

44. Mr. S. Thadchanamoorthy, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka


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45. Mr. Kandiah Shrikarunaakaran, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

46. Mrs. D. Thavakumar, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

47. Mrs. P.M. Godwin Phillip, Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

48. Mr. Mahadevan Karunanithy, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

49. Ms. S. Yogaranee, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

50. Mr. M.H.A. Munas, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka

51. Mr. S.K. Shivahaneshan, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

52. Ms. Chesika Lakmini Gamage, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka

53. Mrs. F.B. Kennady, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

54. Mr. M. Ramanan, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

55. Mrs. S. Priyadharsan, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

56. Mrs. D. Ravichandran, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

57. Mrs. V. Leninkumar, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

58. Mr. Wijayananda Rupasinghe, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

59. Ms. Thushani Shayanthan, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka

60. Mr. I.M. Thalib, Eastern University, Sri Lanka


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MESSAGE FROM THE VICE - CHANCELLOR

I am delighted to spell-out my message for the 4th Annual Research Conference-2019 of the Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka (EUSL). As we experience, research is an integral part of the university education and all of us are bound to engage and promote research at different levels. In accordance to Goal-2 of the Strategic Plan 2019-2023, research is

promoted in two fronts: i.e. for socio-economic development of the region and nation, and for generation of new knowledge of global significance/impact.

As per the new research strategy, the Annual Research Sessions/Conferences of EUSL are mainly focused on the dissemination of students’ research output that is significant so as to make an impact on regional and national issues and community needs. Therefore, faculties are encouraged to establish strategic alliances with key external public and private organizations, and integrate Honours Degree research projects, thereby disseminating the findings for the development and quality improvement of community. The university is committed to provide research grants and to extend such potential preliminary research findings to the next level.

On the other hand, EUSL in its new research strategy, is promoting research of global significance by recognizing research publications in reputed journals (i.e. journals indexed by Web of Science, Scopus, etc.) that would contribute to enhance the global ranking of Eastern University. We are establishing output based award schemes for established researchers who perform high quality research and produce


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high impact research outputs, so that these grants can be used to further enhancement of their research work. I would like to urge the academic community to mainly aim at such high impact research journals of global significance which would enhance each ones research visibility and repute.

The 4th Annual Research Conference-2019 organized and conducted by Trincomalee Campus, EUSL on a theme “Sustainability through Transformation” covers eight tracks incorporating an Undergraduate Research Forum. The research conference is organized in a way that provides the participants a good understanding of the research findings, and also provides the opportunity for academics and student to discuss and share experience with the invited scholars.

I thank with appreciation the enthusiasm and efforts of the Rector, Deans, academics and students of Trincomalee Campus of EUSL in organizing the conference in corroboration with the new Strategic Plan of EUSL, and congratulate all of you for the success being achieved on the objectives. Professor F. C. Ragel, Vice Chancellor Eastern University, Sri Lanka.


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MESSAGE FROM THE RECTOR

It is my great pleasure to pen down this message for the Fourth consecutive Annual Research Conference (TRInCo – 2019) of the Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. It is an iconic event for the academic community providing a platform for transformation through sharing findings on sustainable life furthering endeavors based

on truth and nonviolence keeping the last first towards a society filled with justice, equality, and peace. Research and Publication are vital parts of an academic institution of higher education, and it is this which very strongly distinguishes it from other educational institutions. TRInCo conference has a passion, having three important events in it, such as Sharing of Research Findings, Scientific Dialogue on regional issues and Undergraduate Research Forum. This year also it consists of these three essential events.

The theme of the conference is “Sustainability through Transformation” and the topic for the Scientific Dialogue is “Dynamics of the East.” Both of these discussions will be an opportunity for knowledge transferring from one another, in a multidisciplinary platform to all the stakeholders of the university.

I believe that the conference will give a free space to the researchers and practitioners to exchange their thoughts and beliefs realistically. I am very happy to welcome all invitees and presenters to this historic port city of Trincomalee and Trincomalee Campus. I


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have no doubts that this visit will be an impressive one for you in your academic life.

It is my prime duty to thank the organizing committee for their hard work and dedication to make this conference a success. I also express my gratitude to the Eastern Provincial Council for their support by being the organizing partner of this conference.

I congratulate and wish the conference all success.

Professor V. Kanagasingam

Conference Chair/ TRInCo 2019

Rector, Trincomalee Campus,


19.09.2019


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MESSAGE FROM THE CONFERENCE

CO-CHAIRS

We are very much delighted to convey this message of the 4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo 2019) under the theme of ‘Sustainability through transformation’. Over the past

3 years, the TRInCo Research Conference has been conducted by our campus successfully. Based on that foundation, we are conducting this year’s TRInCo Research Conference at Trincomalee Campus. We welcome all guests, delegates and participants to the 4th Annual Research Conference, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka.

Research and dissemination of knowledge along with quality teaching and learning are the main duties of a university. We are proud that this conference will bring together unique and international experts, academic scientists, researchers and scholars to exchange and share their experience and knowledge on all aspects of sustainability and transformation. Furthermore, Students Research Forum also is planned to encourage the young researchers in the conference for the first time.

As the co-chairs of 4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo 2019), we express our gratitude to all the delegates, invitees Researchers, chair persons, evaluators, organizing committee and students for making this event a memorable conference and sponsors for their valuable contribution to this conference. . Dr. V. Anavarathan E. W.M.S. Boyagoda Senior Lecturer Senior Lecturer Co-chair of Conference Co-chair of Conference 19. 09. 2019 19. 09. 2019


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MESSAGE FROM THE CHIEF GUEST

On behalf of the Scholars of Eastern Province, it is my great pleasure and honor to be extend a warm invitation to attend the 4th Annual Research Conference – Trincomalee Campus (TRInCo – 2019)

This, 2019 years conference is quit emphasizing the world wide discipline of “Sustainability through

Transformation”, I consider it is an important duty for me to underline the realization of the object of this conference. Let me all know, many of scholarly discipline can be found under one umbrella, the ultimate goal is to be enable an effective atmosphere for world transformation towards Environment and Human Population. Hence, the 4th Annual Research Conference – Trincomalee Campus ( Trinco – 2019) will provide a platform to sharing knowledge and an environment that discuss future vision of how sustainability through transformation will impact on nation, business models, products, services, technologies, innovation, and design in future.

Also I am proudly announce that an Undergraduate Research Forum also opened for the young researchers for encouraging them from all over the world.

Lastly, I am pleased to prospective authors to submit their original contribution to this important venture, where you have a meaningful experience and learning. Wishing you all for having a Successful Conference. Shan Wijeyalal De Silva, Governor, Eastern Province


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KEY NOTE ADDRESS I

Transforming higher education in Sri Lanka:

The role of quality assurance and

accreditation

Over the past two decades, Sri Lanka’s higher education system has grown to accommodate increasing numbers of students in both public

sector and private higher education institutions. This expansion has been supported by a national quality assurance framework which includes the Sri Lanka Qualifications Framework, Subject Benchmark Statements, Codes of Practice, External Quality Assurance and Internal Quality Assurance, all of which have been developed since the turn of the century.

However, Sri Lanka still lags behind other middle-income countries in terms of the gross enrollment ratio in higher education. Moreover, implementation of the quality assurance framework has hitherto been largely confined to the state universities. The higher education system in Sri Lanka must undergo a radical transformation if it is to truly support the country’s full development potential. Such transformation must include rapid growth in opportunities for higher education, particularly in the STEM subjects, as well as a more robust mechanism for quality assurance and accreditation that will enable regulation of all components of the system.

Prof. Nilanthi de Silva Director, Quality Assurance Council of the University Grants Commission and Senior Professor of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya.


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KEYNOTE ADDRESS II

Synthesizing the research community and industry for sustainability

Sustainability through transformation requires a synthesis of innovation and knowledge creation, thus occur the industry and the academia collaboration respectively. If we look at the knowledge creation value chain, along the curve of the

diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, I would interpret the situation as follows. The 2.5% of the Innovators are the source for theory creation. They are the managers, professionals, entrepreneurs, and intrapreneurs, who will be making innovations in business management and concerns of sustainability whilst transforming the industry. Researchers are expected to capture the most value-adding innovations as the sources for research, in order for the sustainable transformations to come into academic literature.

Some of the managers many be pragmatists. Pragmatism is known as the contribution of America to the research world, which they are proud of. Pragmatists give the prominence to the solution over the rigor of the methodology. An innovation made in this manner has created a very prominent “Hokey stick of national prosperity” for America. This is when you plot the innovations along the timeline creates a shape of an Ice hockey stick. In the early stage of the history there were isolated innovations that are placed on the handle of the hockey stick, recently the innovations had proliferated creating the Heal and the Toe of the Ice hockey stick. Economic prosperity comes with the proliferation of innovations. I personally believe those pragmatists may have contributes to disruption as well as in transforming for sustainability. I invite you to subscribe to Facebook pages of “World Economic Forum” and “Humans of the future” to keep a track of fascinating sustainable transformations.

I trust that these innovations cannot be researched through positivism, due to lower sample availability.


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Thus, in order to create knowledge on those innovations, more researchers may be taken up subscribing to Grounded Theory-based researches and interpretive approach. Those are researchers who could build a framework without any theoretical underpinning or using a single case study. In my opinion, these approaches to researches would be critical for the world to know the emerging transformations aiming at sustainability. Because, in today's fast phased world , there is a higher demand for the world to know those innovations and even to imitate them, the industry cannot wait until the industry practice are diffused to a level that a positivist researcher could inquire into such. My opinion is, that positivist research may become practical in the early majority segment in the DOI curve.

On the other hand, the natural science researchers and social science researchers also should collaborate to support the industry. Once I met a natural science researcher who was preparing a proposal for a research grant. His proposal was perfect; he was planning to research into something that creates an industry, importantly to fill a demand in the market. However, for this industry to develop to be successful, the Sri Lankan market has a drawback, i.e. low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the country. Sri Lanka is short of facilitating the systems and subsystems required for the industry for such innovation to be successful. This shortfall has to be covered by a social science researcher who could explain how a higher level of TRL could be facilitated. Industry wants the natural science researchers and social science researchers to collaborate and develop solutions that would create sustainable transformations for the Nation, Business models, products, services, technologies, innovation and design.

Aruna Dayanatha Director, Right-X (Pvt.) Ltd.


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KEY NOTE ADDRESS III

Sustainability through Transformation

The world is changing, with massive implications for business strategy and value creation. Whether it is new energy systems, disruptive technologies, new business models, or changing demographics, the operating context for companies is evolving.

We believe transformation requires a systems approach, addressing the ecological, economic, social, and human elements in every change process—while also sustaining the process of change itself.

With our unique combination of tools, experience, and expertise, we help people, teams, and organizations to develop the additional skills they need to initiate, motivate, and lead transformation processes—far more effectively.

As you know Sustainability is most often defined as meeting the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It has three main pillars : economic, environmental and social.

Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in today’s corporate world and can contribute to the current and future success of organizations. Integrating ecological, social, and economic objectives into corporate decisions is a key success factor for transformation towards sustainability. As sustainability is not achieved by single actions, but rather is an on-going process, decision-makers must have means to analyze the current state of an organization. For this, we should know how companies can structure the field of action for the transformation towards sustainability. Furthermore, we should determine how sustainability actions should be implemented in accordance with the value-based management, i.e., considering their economic effects.

Recently, organizations have recognized sustainability as an emerging mega-trend and as an increasingly important strategic goal. Its integration into the business model can be a key success factor, but also a challenge that requires a systematic approach.

Today digitization is the word that is on everyone’s lips. Businesses, governments, and other public organizations are busy trying to define their own digital roadmap. But how is this connected with sustainability? Events like the United Nations Conference on Climate Change in Paris or the World Economic Forum in Davos made it clear that if businesses want to survive, they have to learn how to become sustainable. We will have to leverage


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sustainability opportunities to our current core business and we will have to adapt business model accordingly. We will have to partner with governments and non-governmental organizations to enhance the quality of life in the communities where we operate.

We believe the best response to this situation is not to continue integrating sustainability into company strategy, but to develop a completely new way of transforming business strategy and creating value. First of all the era of stand-alone sustainability strategies, with subsequent integration of sustainability into company strategy, needs to end. There are three major transformation that need to happen for this new era to emerge. First, we need to create resilient business strategies that take sustainability as their foundation. Second, we need to emphasize long-term value creation and find ways to move beyond short-term performance pressures that can prevent progress on sustainability. Third, we need new tools and approaches that prioritize and measure the impact of sustainability in a language that resonates with business.

See few examples, where sustainability is going to be achieved to a great extent if we bring transformation in our business models:

Automotive & Transportation:

i. 90% Emission –free mobility & transportation ii. 80% public transportation & cycling network expansion

iii. 75% electric vehicles iv. 55 % Production simplification & Automation

Energy & Utilities:

i. 95% Renewable energy system ii. 90% Energy efficiency

iii. 75% Smart data driven energy management iv. 70 % Water management

Example How IKEA & Unilever became sustainable through transformation:

1. IKEA

IKEA’s transformed into sustainability throughout its entire business operations, including things customers can readily see and things they can’t. It starts with their supply chain, where the Swedish furniture-maker has sourced close to 50 per cent of its wood from sustainable foresters and 100 per cent of its cotton from farms that meet the Better Cotton standards, which mandate reduced user of water, energy and chemical fertilisers and pesticides. You can also see their commitment to sustainability at the store. IKEA has more than 700,000 solar panels powering its stores, and plans to

http://www.ikea.com/us/en/about_ikea/newsitem/101315_sustain-IKEA-Better-cotton

http://www.ikea.com/us/en/about_ikea/newsitem/101315_sustain-IKEA-Better-cotton

https://www.greenbiz.com/article/ikea-Steve-Howard-renewable-energy-business-incrementalism-sustainability


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start selling them to customers in the UK. In 2012, IKEA announced its goal to be powered by 100 per cent renewables by 2020 – but just four years later, it upped the ante aiming to be a net energy exporter in the same time.

2. Unilever

Unilever has done more than make green investments, it’s made sustainability part of its corporate identity. The company’s Sustainable Living Plan sets targets for sourcing, supply chain and production on everything from energy and water use to treatment of suppliers and communities where they operate. When it was first adopted in 2010, CEO Paul Polman said he wanted to double the company’s business while halving its environmental impact in just 10 years. It’s made amazing strides: three quarters of Unilever’s nonhazardous waste does not go to landfills and the share of its agricultural suppliers that use sustainable practices has tripled. The United Nations awarded the company’s CEO its Champion of the Earth Award in 2015 for his efforts toward reaching this goal.

We need to focus primarily on how sustainability supports growth—how does solving major sustainability challenges create new revenue opportunities for the company? This means integrating the global Sustainable Development Goals into business planning and ensuring that sustainability teams are focused on business development and transformation leads to sustainability.

Research shows that boards and executive leadership are paying more attention to sustainability issues than ever before. The creation and implementation of business transformation will require new types of executive leadership that support organizational leadership on sustainability issues. We believe this executive leadership transformation needs to take place in three areas—diversity, leadership style, and innovation.

The sustainable business movement has focused much of its attention on ensuring that environmental, social, and governance issues have been integrated into business strategies and operations. This makes good sense, as we believe that it is the core of business that presents the greatest opportunity to mitigate sustainability risks and maximize the positive impact of business.

The very notion of transformation is of sweeping, dramatic change. People tell us they don’t want change that is merely incremental; they want a transformation—the kind of rapid, even disruptive, innovation that radically shifts the way things are done and motivates people to contribute their energy and resources to something new and inspiring.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ikea-uk-sells-solar-panels-for-homes_us_5720e357e4b01a5ebde41a55

http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/may/27/ikea-net-exporter-renewable-energy-2020-cop21

http://www.fastcocreate.com/3051498/behind-the-brand/why-unilever-is-betting-big-on-sustainability

https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/

https://www.unilever.com/sustainable-living/

http://www.economist.com/news/business/21611103-second-time-its-120-year-history-unilever-trying-redefine-what-it-means-be

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51917#.VgQUyGRViko

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51917#.VgQUyGRViko


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The role of business in addressing sustainability challenges has never been more important than it is today. Progress has been made on a wide range of issues, including climate change, human rights, and transparency,

I am sure that new business models will redesign business strategy and organisation, as well as the development of new skills for managing the external ecosystem, including through the use of new information from Big Data. We have to create new value propositions, through the transformation of key elements of traditional business models. We are seeing new ways of finding and exchanging products and services, new approaches to work and relationships with partners, development of network relationships, new ways of raising capital and new models for generating revenue. It is therefore not surprising that studies in this field will be constantly expanding and are more focused on analysing these new business models, defining the different types of opportunity, their aims and their economic and financial sustainability, as well as the social and economic implications of their activities.

Mr. Manoj Gupta, MD, Lanka Indian Oil Corporation PLC, Sri Lanka


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SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUE

Managing Resources for Development of the Eastern Province

Dr. Saman Yapa Senior Lecturer in Decision Sciences,

University of Sri Jayewardenepura

In 2017, Eastern province’s contribution to the National Gross Domestic Product is 5.7%. In terms of paddy production Ampara, Trincomalee and Batticaloa are in the 2nd, 5th and 6th places in Sri Lanka. In all three districts, percentage increase of production of Yala seasons between 2017 and 2018 is much higher than the percentage increase in land area. Therefore, land productivity of paddy cultivation has gone up. Still in all three districts unemployment rate has gone up when compared to 2012. The mission of the Eastern Provincial Council (EPC) is “Mobilization and optimum utilization of resources towards efficient & effective service delivery for improved living standard of the people”. Eastern is a province with resources such as enriched lands suitable for agriculture, natural beaches and sanctuaries suitable for tourism, a natural harbor, mineral sands and a sea famous for fishing. However, there are only 789 industrial establishments in the Eastern Province. In order to achieve mission of the EPC, it is necessary to move towards the downstream of the supply chain, i.e. from primary sector to secondary sector. There must be a mechanism to add value to the resources of the Eastern Province. However, in this development process the authorities must adopt Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach with a long term view. Planning alone is insufficient to improve the living standard of the people of the Eastern Province. Conversion of plans into actions is essential for that. The Eastern University of Sri Lanka including Trincomalee Campus has a major role to play in the development of Eastern Province.


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SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUE

Tourism Development in Eastern Province: Promoting a Better Future

Prof. W.K. Athula Gnanapala, Professor in Tourism Management

Department of Tourism Management Sabaragamuwa University

Tourism has become one of the major economic activities in the world economy. In Sri Lanka, it is the third largest economic contributor and, therefore, the government has identified tourism as one of the development Strategies of the country. Similarly, all the provincial and local governments take much effort to develop tourism to solve their economic illness as considering tourism as a panacea. The Eastern province consists of three administrative districts i.e. Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Ampara with total land area of 9,996 km2. Eastern province is rich with diverse resources to attract tourists to provide memorable authentic experiences. Even though, the province consists with diverse attractions, the province has not received yet a considerable number of tourists and the benefits to uplift the socio-economic standards of the province. Both domestic and international tourists visit the province and, however, it has become seasonal and the tourism development is confined to a limited area and it also managed by a few numbers of people. The international tourists mainly visit the province from May to September and the domestic tourists visit the province during the school holidays, long weekend and the public holidays. The both tourists visit some popular places like Nilaweli, Trincomalee, Passikudah, Arugam Bay and some pilgrimage sites etc. The domestic tourists rarely spend a night there and foreign tourists spend a few days in those destinations. However, the foreign tourists stay a longer period in Arugam Bay specially who come for surfing. The government involves for tourism development in East though establishing the relevant administrivia structures, improvement of the relevant infrastructure facilities etc. In addition to that, various


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donor agencies, both local and foreign, conduct numerous programs targeting the tourism development such preparation of plans, capacity building, training & awareness, infrastructure development, financial aids and new venture creations etc. However, there cannot see a transparency, coordination and collaboration and most happening in ad hoc manner. Therefore, the province has not received the expected tourism growth and the benefits. So far, there is no properly developed mechanism to get the maximum advantages over tourism. The community participation is at a lower level since they bear a negative attitude about tourism. Tourism generates more opportunities including employment; however, both male and female are reluctant to work in the tourism/hotel industry. The following actions should be taken immediately to manage the tourism effectively, first, tourism education is essential to change the wrong attitudes of locals on tourism, second, need to improve the tourism knowledge and skills of the officers those who involve for tourism development activities, third, need to develop an integrated tourism development plan and all the tourism related activities should happen thought it, fourth, community based alternative forms of tourism development should encourage, fifth, domestic tourism should be developed more systematically, finally, need to have effective destination management and marketing programmes to ensure the sustainable tourism development in the Eastern Province. Keywords: Eastern province; Economic Benefits; Issues and challenges; Sri Lanka; Tourism development


xxv

SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUE

The Dynamics of East: Promoting Better Future of the Country

Special Reference to Coastal Marine Resources

Prof. P. Vinobaba Senior professor in Zoology, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

Eastern province which has been identified as one of the top

biodiversity areas with plenty of natural resources among the other

provinces in Sri Lanka. The ocean in this region several

environmental problems, which affect the sustainable utilization of

available resources. To date, there’s been little or no bio economic

modelling to compute the maximum sustainable yields of critical fish

species. As the National Aquatic Resources Research and

Development Agency (NARA) has stated, Sri Lanka does not have

reliable data on the extent of the country’s fisheries resources under

threat of overfishing. The inland fishery resources (culture based

fishery and capture fishery) on the other hand, continues to make

a significant impact on the eastern province economy due to its vast

potential for development. However, culture based fishery

development programe in reservoirs did not sustain likely reasons

for the overall failure of the strategy were he lack of a guaranteed

fingerling supply, resulting in under-stocking of reservoirs and in

turn, not making use of the growing season fully; the oversupply of

produce in space and time. For centuries coral reefs have been a

valuable resource for the people of Sri Lanka, in particular for the

coastal communities. There are types many types of coral extraction

in eastern province including reef breaking, coral rubble from the

beach, and back beach mining. Reefs are also blasted to provide

navigation access to fishing boats. Muro-ami netting pounding reefs

with weighed bags to scare fish out of crevices, trawling also directly


xxvi

damages the corals. There is no monitoring or management of the

trade at present, and reports of over exploitation and habitat

destruction are common. Due to the use of moxy-nets for collection

of reef fish for the aquarium trade, the coral reefs are damaged.

Snorkeling on coral reefs (Nilaveli, Vakarai and Passikudah) causes

damage to corals with branching species being the most susceptible.

Snorkelers and divers often stand on reefs walk over corals in the

shallows. Mangroves are a valuable ecological and economic precious

resource of the east coast. Human settlements in the coastal areas

threaten mangroves. Population in eastern coast living along the

coastal belt, and human settlements in the coastal areas ever

expanding, the waste disposals of these human settlements cause a

significant threat to the mangroves. Even though mangroves are

resilient to disturbances, the pollutants cause considerable damage

to them. Further, mangroves are highly threatened by the

unprecedented and unhealthy growth of the tourism sector. The civil

war has also contributed to the destruction of mangroves in the East

of Sri Lanka. Therefore developments must be designed based on the

utilizations of our natural resources, both renewable and

nonrenewable, need to be evaluated within a comprehensive

provincial strategy, incorporating environmental, social, and

economic considerations. The acceptability of the utilization of a

natural resource at a given location must be evaluated from both the

technical and social perspectives. Optimum utilization of natural

resources, which will lead to sustainable development.


xxvii

SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUE

Dynamics of East: Promoting Better Future to the Country

Eng. T. Thavasilingam Retired Deputy Chief Secretary, Eastern Provincial Council

Eastern Province in Sri Lanka consists of three districts namely Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Ampara. After independence the successive governments have concentrated in colonizing or settlement in Eastern Province in the name of development, mainly using the irrigation schemes namely Galoya, Kanthala and Allai schemes. Tamils and Muslims were the majority from the independence but after independence and implementation of the irrigation schemes the ethnic ratio has changed and all three communities are living almost in equal numbers in the province. The province is blessed with the elongated coastal area and there are resources of water sheds, tanks and reservoirs found inland. Hence the main livelihood of the people of East is either farming or fishing. The successive government in Sri Lanka have not paid any due attention to the development activities of the East. only a few industries were started in Eastern Province under Government program. The major projects stated by the government were Valaichenai Paper Mills in Batticaloa and Prima Flour Mill Complex (a joint venture with private sector) in Trincomalee and Tokyo Cement Company a private sector investment in Trincomalee. Since, the former and present government were given a step motherly treatment. Eastern Province was not developed in the past with the adjoining provinces like North Central Province and Central Province. As a result, Eastern Province contributing about 4% only to GDP in Sri Lanka. The availability of natural resources and at present the ethnic population and political situation are different in the three districts. Hence, let us consider the dynamic in each district in promoting better future to the country.


xxviii

TABLE OF CONTENTS [1] Environmental Sustainability & Climate Change

1. Enhancing the Bio Products by Optimizing the Nutrients in

Fermentation for a Sustainable Environment

Sudhakar P. & Subhagar S. 01

2. Climate Change Natural and Socio-Economic Impact

Pandyvelrajan S. 02

[2] Health & Allied Health Sciences

1 Effect of Vethanthiri Maharishi’s Style of Yoga practice on

polycystic ovary syndrome – Case Study

Sritharan G. 03

3. Impact of Obesity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Chanjugaa U. 04

4. Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Soorya Namaskaaram

(Sun salutation) and Thripala Chooranam in Obesity

Ananthajothy V., & Vijayakumar T. 05

5. The Study of Attending Pattern of Elderly Patient in

Indigenous Medical Care Hospital in Batticoloa, Sri Lanka

Mahathevan N. 06

6. Detection and Analysis of Chromosomal Abnormalities in

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Using Cytogenetic Techniques

Chanjugaa U., Wetthasinghe T.K, & Imalki K. 07

7. Usage of Siddha Drugs in Public Indigenous Medicine Health

Care Institutions in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka

Bavitra R., Pratheepa T., Ilankumaran A., Shafiya M.I.F., &

Zafeeha M.Z.F. 08

8. Yoga Asana for Memory Enhancement (A Literary Survey)

Abegunasekara N.S., & Karunaratne H.K.B.M.S. 09

9. Treatment of Venous Ulcer (Kuruthi Pitha Punn) with Siddha

External Medicine - A Case study

Navinkumar M., & Poongodi kanthimathi A.S. 10


xxix

10. Evaluation of Physical between Physical Exercise, Yogic

Exercise and Combination of Physical and Yogic Exercise on

Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mallitus (Niddm) Patients

Balasubramanian P.L. 11

11. Scientific Investigation of Hibiscus Vitifolius - A Tamil

Traditional Medicinal Plant Against Hepatitis C

Anbu Jeba Sunilson J., & Anita Gnana A.V. 12

12. Bioactive Constituent Profiling of Poly Herbal Distillate

Thribhaladi Dravagam to evaluate its credible therapeutic

role in Siddha clinical Practices

Vinayak S., Gayatri R., Wilson E., Rajkumar S., Sunil Kumar K.N., Selvarajan S., & Kanakavalli 13

[3] Business Management and Finance

1. A Study on Rewards and Employees’ Performance in Financial Service Industry Baskar T. 14

2. Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness; A Theoretical Perspective Mathushan P. 15

3. Sustainable Practices in Business Samuel Anbu Selvan S.C.B., & Mohamed Hussain S. 16

4. Consumer’s Attitude on Consumer Purchase Intention: An Investigation of Effect of Viral Marketing Sathiyasri, & Kennedy F.B. 17

5. Innovative Marketing Strategies: An Over View on Permission Marketing Participation Madhavi C. & Rajendren S. 18

6. Emerging Trends towards Online Food Delivery Apps in India Samuel Anbu Selvan S.C.B., & Andrew S. A. 19

7. Factors affecting consumption of organic food products in Sri Lanka Prabaharan T., & Shamini H. 20

8. Organizational Politics: A Review of Positive and Negative Sides Ajenthiny A. 21


xxx

[4] Sciences & Technology 1. Impact of Social Networking Media among Undergraduates in

Higher Educational Institution Suhail Razeeth M.S., Kariapper R.K.A.R., Pirapuraj.P., Rishan U.M., & Nafrees A.C.M. 22

[5] Social Sciences & Humanities

1. ,yq;ifapy; epiwNtw;W mjpfhu [dhjpgjp Kiwik: jkpo; rpWghd;ik Nehf;fpy; - Xu; fUj;jhly;

Kanneraj A. 23

2. Struggling to breath: The thorny road that Sri Lankan

Community radio travelled through

Dutta A., & Jayawardhana, K.G.L.A.N.S. 24

3. Representation of violence in children’s television cartoons

and its impact on children in Sri Lanka

Jayasekara J.M.C.I., & Boyagoda E.W.M.S. 25

4. Challenging a Historical Text in Translation: A Study Based on

the Translation of Yalppanavaipavamalai by C. Brito

Cumaran E. 26

5. Portrayal of “October 26th Political Crisis” in Newspaper

Cartoons

Linganathan A. 27 6. ,d ey;Ywitf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; etPd fhy mwG

,yf;fpaq;fspd; gq;fspg;G

Habeebullah M. T., & Hamthoon P. M. 28

[6] Linguistics & Literature 1 Alterity and Abjection: The Validity of Language Reforms in

Sri Lanka Wanniarachchi. W.A.S.A, & Egodage.W.A 29

2. Attitude towards English at Trincomalee Campus: A Case

Study

Rohan Savarimuttu. J. S. & Somarathna. K. T. P. C. 30

3. Challenges to Sri Lankan Tamil Cinema- A Case Study

Joel Jairus R., & Sivapriya S. 31


xxxi

[7] Agriculture, Mariene Studies & Tourism Development 1. Quality Evaluation of Finger Millet Chocolate Biscuits with

Different Recipes. Wijesinghe W.M.D.A, Premakumar K., & Shakithya S. 32

2. A Review on Biological Management of Fall Armyworm on

Maize

Sivasubramaniam N. & Imthiyas M. S. M. 33

3. Statistical Screenings of Medium Components for the

Production of Chitinase Enzyme using Sugarcane Bagasse

Subhagar S., & Sudhakar P. 34

4. Estimation of Methane Emission from Rice Fields in

Batticaloa District

Brinthiga V., & Navaratne C.M. 35

5. Fortification of Butter By Adding Clove Oil (Syzygium

Aronaticum L)

Akini Nadunika Senavirathna H.D & Pagthinathan M. 36

6. Availability of Information for Backpacker Tourism in Sri

Lanka (A Case Study: Trincomalee District)

Jayasinghe R.A.U.C, & Boyagoda E.W.M.S. 37

7. Influence of Different Levels of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield

of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Thakshila P. R. & Kumuthini D. H. 38 8. Effect of Foliar Application of Wild Sunflower (Tithonia

diversifolia) Leaf Extract on Yield Attributes of Vegetable Cowpea cv. Bs-1 in Sandy Regosol. Aberathne T., Kumuthini D.H.,Kanchani & D.M. Attanayaka39

9. Comparison of Root and Shoot Morphological Development of Selected Rice Lines (Oryza Sativa L.) under Moisture Stress Conditions Wasana H. H. B., Harris, K. D., Senanayake J.M.J.B., Piyasiri C.H., & Illangakoon T.K. 40


xxxii

[8] Law, Education and Higher Education 1. “Beating Around the Bush”: The Analysis of Right to

Information Act in Sri Lanka Jayasekera B.K.M. 41

2. A Study of the Need to Conduct A Pre-Sessional Academic English Course for English Medium Post-Graduate Students Rajapakse R.M.N.P. 42

3. Adult Education in the 21st Century: Can We Shift to Technology Aided Teaching? Dharmawardene R.P. 43

4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Environmental Sustainability

1

Enhancing the Bio-Products by Optimizing the Nutrients in Fermentation for a Sustainable

Environment

Sudhakar P. & Subhagar S.

Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar – 608002, Tamilnadu, India.

[email protected]

Abstract - Lovastatin (C24H36O5), a potent drug for lowering blood cholesterol acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA), which catalyzes the rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. Lovastatin was the first statin to obtain approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration in August 1987. The various industrially important and lovastatin producing microorganisms were screened and Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 obtained from the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India was found to produce higher concentration of lovastatin. The production of lovastatin using Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 was carried out in solid state fermentation using various solid substrates. Barley (Hordeum vulgare), long grain rice (Oryza sativa) and sago (Manihot esculenta) starch were found to be the suitable substrates producing maximum lovastatin of 193.7 mg, 190.2 mg and 180.9 mg per gram of dry solids respectively. These substrates were further used in various combinations as designed by the central composite design (CCD) for lovastatin production using M. purpureus. Keywords: Lovastatin, Fermentation, Cholesterol, Agricultural substra

4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Environmental Sustainability

2

Climate Change Natural and Socio-Economic Impact

Pandyvelrajan S.

Department of Commerce, The American College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India [email protected]

Abstract - Change in Climate is likely to aggravate the problems of future food security by exerting pressure on agriculture. India is more vulnerable in view of the high population depending on agriculture, excessive pressure on natural resources and poor coping mechanisms. In India, significant negative impacts have been implied with medium - term (2010-2039) climate change, predicted to reduce yield by 4.5 to 9 percent, which is roughly up to 1.5 per cent of GDP per year (Venkateswarluet al, 2013). Rainfed agriculture which constitutes nearly 58 per cent of net cultivated are will be the most impacted. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to enhance resilience of agriculture to climate change through planned adaptation. With this background, ICAR has launched a major network project, National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), during 2010-11 in 100 vulnerable districts to undertake strategic research on adaptation and mitigation, fill critical research gaps, demonstrate technologies on farmers’ field to cope with current climate variability and capacity building of different stakeholders.

mailto:[email protected]

4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Health & Allied Health Sciences

3

Effect of Vethanthiri Maharishi’s Style of Yoga Practice on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome –

Case Study

Sritharan G.

Sen. Siddha Medical Officer, Herbal Health Care Centre, Kokuvil [email protected]

Abstract - The science of yoga has a special advantage in that it can delay the ageing process. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome who are willing to sign a copy of the written Informed Consent form and agree to attend all follow-up appointments were included in present study. Pregnant females and females with Phlebitis and/or Emphysema were excluded from study. Patients with major surgery in last 3 months were also excluded from this study. The patients were followed the explanation by the study personnel. All the queries of the patient were resolved before obtaining the consent. All patients were encouraged to ask questions and all the questions were fully answered. Study specific written informed consent was obtained from each patient before enrolling into the study. A total of 20 females (10 married and 10 unmarried).Every patients participated in a 3 month.“Vethathiri Maharishi”s style of yoga practice, to facilitate and guide home practice. They were regulated by the yoga instructor through phone and direct communication. Spiritual diary was maintained. Baseline demography of Patient age, height and weight was recorded for individual patients. Patients were undergone study procedure and efficacy data were collected at pre study and post study treatment. All 20 patients were exposed to study treatment. Present study procedure for PCOS treatment is found safe and well tolerable without any incidence of adverse events. The present study was performed to evaluate safety and efficacy of alternative therapy with Kayakalpa (Vethanthiri Maharishi’s style of yoga practice) in patients of PCOS. Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Kayakalpa



4

Impact of Obesity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Chanjugaa U.

BMS (Colombo), Northumbria University (UK) [email protected]

Abstract -‘Non- alcoholic fatty liver disease’ (NAFLD) is the alarming health risk around the world today. Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many scientists put forward two hit hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. With the aid of trials using Biopsy, ultrasound scan and molecular techniques, scientists explained an authentic evidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression is ultimately because of obesity and its commodities such as Cardio vascular diseases, Diabetes and Metabolic syndrome. Attention of medical field is towards the treatment and analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which is expected to be the reason of liver transplant by 2020. Literature and statistics elicits majority of the NAFLD patients were obese. Who later develops its commodities as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Statistics also states that NAFLD will be the major reason for liver transplantation in future world. It also states that NAFLD will be the ultimate reason for the hepatic carcinoma by 2020. Moreover, according to the statistical analysis of this review, it shows cases that majority of paediatric population around the world are affected by obesity because of the consumption of junk foods and soft drinks. This leads them to develop NAFLD and comorbidities of obesity. Since treatment and diagnosis were available for NAFLD much attention should be given to reduce the rate of progression of NAFLD which is a major health risk hidden in the population today.

Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Obesity, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Metabolic syndrome



5

Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Soorya Namaskaaram (Sun Salutation) and

Thripala Chooranam in Obesity

Ananthajothy V.1 & Vijayakumar T2

Provincial Department of Indigenous Medicine,Northern Province- Hospital Road, Jaffna, Sri Lanka1

Department of Kunapadam -Unit of Siddha Medicine, University of Jaffna, Sri lanka [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract - In less developed countries obesity is the major reason for disability and premature deaths and associated with increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers. Worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016, and In Sri Lanka, relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity was documented. Previous studies documented that Soorya Namaskaaram and Thripala Chooranam were significantly effective in BMI reduction. Although the effectiveness were proved in obesity treatment there were no documentation on which is the best. Therefore this study is objected to compare the effectiveness of Soorya Namaskaaram and Thripala Chooranam in obesity. Study was conducted in a traditional dispensary, Chavakachcheri in clinically diagnosed150 obesity (BMI: ≥ 27.5 kg/m2; Age: > 18 to ≤ 50 years) subjects. Subjects were assigned into two groups and one was trained by Soorya Namaskaaram (Group I) and other was treated by Thripala Chooranam (Group II). Follow up assessments were done once in two weeks for 12 weeks during the treatment period and post treatment follow up was done in 16th week. Results shows that there are significant different in the means of BMI between base line and after treatment in both groups (BMI: M±SD at base line and at after treatment in Group I and II - 29.67±1.79, 28.25±1.78, p< 0.000; 29.54±1.63, 28.48±1.59, p< 0.000). At the same time there are no significant different between the means of BMI after treatment in both groups (BMI: M±SD: 28.25±1.8, 28.48±1.6, p< 0.439). Hence it could be concluded that, though the both treatments are effective in obesity, there are no significant difference between the effectiveness.

Keywords: Soorya Namaskaaram, Thripala Chooranam, Obesity, Effectiveness

4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Health and Allied Science

6

The Study of Attending Pattern of Elderly Patient in Indigenous Medical Care Hospital in Batticoloa,

Sri Lanka

Mahathevan N.

Medical superintendent, District Siddha Ayurvedic Hospital Gopalapuram Nellavelli [email protected]

Abstract -The World population of the elderly is increasing and by the year 2050, adults older than 65 years will comprise 1/5th of the global population. Sri Lanka also has experience of rapidly aging population with 22% of Sri Lankans expected to be over 60 years by 2030. Elderly population are more vulnerable to affect health problem due to ageing process associated long term diseases NCDs such as diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stock, cancer and psychological diseases. 28 – 35% of elders over 65 years and 32 – 42% of them over 70 years lead to hospital admissions in the elderly annually in Sri Lanka. Ayurveda and Siddha medical care was establish under the Ayurvedic act No 31 of 1961 and both Ayurveda and Siddha medical care approach and principles observed to be have a potential in order to reduce the risk factors of chronic diseases in the community. The important aspect of Ayurveda and Siddha medical care is reduce the degenerative process of the body and holistic approach for prevention and curative of NCDs. NCDs and degenerative diseases are common among elderly. Ayurveda has a focused branch of medicine called Rasayana (Rejuvenation) which exclusively deals with the problems related to aging and methods to counter the same. Rasayana in Ayurveda is a method to control / slow down / arrest the aging process in the human being during the degenerative phase of one’s life. Taking in account of the Siddha aspect the purificatory therapy called Kaya Karpam and it have the immunomodulatory action. BAHs Tertiary level healthcare services refer to a third level of the Ayurveda and Siddha healthcare system, in which specialized consultative care is provided to in-patients suffering from chronic health diseases. In order to provide Ayurvedic and Siddha preventive and curative medical services, well equipped Base Siddha Ayurvedic Hospitals in appropriate locations in Batticoloa district. It is important to know the patterns of diseases of elderly patient attending to Base Siddha Ayurvedic hospitals. Many of the research available in Allapothy field in this scenario, but there are very few studies on profile of patients attending Siddha and Ayurvedic facilities and those few were conducted at research institutes in India. Therefore it is very important to conduct the research on the elderly patient attending selected Base Siddha Ayurvedic Hospital. This study will help to identify pattern of diseases of elderly patient attending to base Siddha Ayurvedic hospitals. Further this help in planning for health care delivery including the manpower recruitment and training, drug procurement, infrastructure at base Siddha Ayurvedic hospitals.

Keywords: Ageing, Ayurveda and Siddha geriatric medical care, Rasayana and Kaya karpam, Non communicable disease


4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Health and Allied Health Sciences

7

Detection and Analysis of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Using

Cytogenetic Techniques

Chanjugaa U.1, Wetthasinghe T.K, Imalki K.

1Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka [email protected]

Abstract- Recurrent pregnancy loss is a syndrome where consecutive abortions take place more than three times. Although many disorders such as Anti-phospholipid syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and physical weakness also leads to RPL. Many researches prove RPL is mainly due to chromosomal anomalies. Cytogenetic techniques have vital role in the evaluation of obstetric information of couples with RPL. The present study deals with 10 clinically suspected blood samples collected at Human Genetic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, and University of Colombo during the period of November 2016. This analysis was carried out using conventional GTL banding technique which includes, 72 hours peripheral blood lymphocytes culturing, harvesting, slide preparation, staining and analysis of chromosomes by karyotyping. In this project, a total of 10 couples were analyzed. 80% were detected with RPL positive and RPL was more frequent in females than males. Trisomy, Robertsonian translocation, inversions and satellites were seen as the numerical and structural anomalies respectively. Among them 14.44% is identified with inversion, 50% with normal polymorphic variants, 21.44%is with balanced translocations,7.56% is with Robertsonian translocation and 7.56% is with hetero chromatic expansion. This report also suggests that age above 30 also has an impact on RPL. However according to the final results revealed that RPL is mainly related with the chromosomal abnormalities and through cytogenetic analysis it could be analysed and this in turn will help the patients and assist for the further treatment in gyneocology.

Keywords: Chromosomal abnormalities, Recurrent miscarriages, Karyotyping



8

Usage of Siddha drugs in public Indigenous medicine Health care Institutions in Eastern

Province of Sri Lanka

Bavitra. R1, Pratheepa.T2, Ilankumaran. A3, Shafiya.M.I.F4 & Zafeeha.M.Z.F5

Intern medical officers, Bandaranaika Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute,

Nawinna, Maharagama1 2 3 4 5 [email protected]

Abstract - Siddha, the traditional system of medicine is wildly being practiced in the Tamil Nadu and originally formulated by Siddhars who were the premier scientist and spiritual leaders. The concept pertaining to drug ingredients are from Plant (Mooligai/Thavaram), Mineral (Thathu), Metals and Animal (Jeevam) origin. Siddha Medicine (Tamil Medicine) is mostly practiced in the Eastern and Northern Provinces of Sri Lanka. The purpose of this research is to find out the usage of Siddha drugs in Eastern province. This cross sectional descriptive study deals with survey study on “Usage of Siddha Drugs in Public Indigenous Hospitals in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka”. The research was carried out during the period from 18.01.2019 – 11.03.2019. Data were collected from Provincial Director, Medical Officer In charge of Drug Manufacturing Unit (DMU) and Hospitals in Eastern Province. The Collected data were analyzed by simple statistical method. There are 61 hospitals and 3 Drug manufacturing units (DMU) are available in Eastern province of Sri Lanka. Among them, Siddha drugs are prepared and distributed by two DMUs they are Kappalthurai DMU and Chaththurukondan DMU. Data were collected from these 2 DMUs and 41 Hospitals for month of January and it was analyzed. Six type of internal medicines and four types of external medicines were prepared by these DMU and Hospitals per month. Main categories of drugs prepared and distributed were Amukkara Chooranam (120Kg), Neerkovai mathirai (38.25Kg), Kliwasa syrup (81l) and Mezhugu thailam (813.75l) per month. 75% of the drugs formula references were collected from authenticated Siddha text.According to the survey we listed out the usage of Siddha drugs in public Indigenous hospitals in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. Among the listed drugs, 90% of the drugs were prepared from drug manufacturing units and distributed to other district hospitals. 10% of drugs were prepared in hospitals and used for indoor management. Keywords: Siddha drugs, Drug Manufacturing Unit, Eastern province of Sri Lanka


9

Yoga Asana for Memory Enhancement (A Literary Survey)

Abegunasekara N.S 1 & Karunaratne H.K.B.M.S 2

Department of Ayurveda Basic Principles, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda

Institute, University of Kelaniya, Yakkala, Sri Lanka, 1 Department of Cikitsa, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,

University of Kelaniya, Yakkala, Sri Lanka.2 [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract- The practice of yoga includes static and dynamic postures (Asana), breathing manipulations (Pranayama) and meditation (Dhyana). Yoga is a tool which works in the gross body level to the shuttle mind level. Yoga is a simple and inexpensive health regimen that can be incorporated as an effective adjuvant therapy for the improvement of brain and mental activity. This study was aimed to review scientific literatures related to yoga practice for memory enhancement. The results were analysed using simple percentages. It is concluded that regular practice of yoga asana develops the physical and mental capabilities, which improves the memory power, grasping power and intelligence.

Keywords: Yoga asana, Memory, Cognition



10

Treatment of venous ulcer (kuruti pittappun) with siddha external medicine - a case study

Navinkumar M.1 & Poongodi kanthimathi A.S.2

PG Scholar, Department of Sirappu Maruthuvam, GSMC, Palayamkottai.1 Head of the department, Department of Sirappu Maruthuvam, GSMC, Palayamkottai2

[email protected]

Abstract - Siddha medicine is the most familiar medicine in southern part of India, but alternatively the siddha medicine defined 32 types of external therapies which are not well known. The internal medicine is used as healthy life style and management of disease but the administration of external therapies, it is sufficient to treat the disease as well. The venous ulcer is the major problem in world wide. It caused several way of the patient’s condition. Aim and Objective is to evaluate the siddha management for wound healing and to document the effectiveness of siddha management. Case selected by absolute venous stasis ulcer managed by only external therapies were administrating the drugs other than oral. Gradually symptoms of the venous ulcer cure by step by step in 06 weeks respectively. This case presents with venous ulcer cleaning by padikaara neer then treating with pugai as; Agasthiyar kuzhambu and kattu muraigal with maththan oil (dressing with bandaging). This paper shows the results show treating chronic venous ulcers with external therapy within 06 weeks period. Keywords: Siddha, Venous ulcer, External medicine, Pugai, Kattu


11

Evaluation of Physical between Physical Exercise, Yogic Exercise and Combination of Physical and

Yogic Exercise on Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mallitus (Niddm) Patients

Balasubramanian P.L M.D (S) Ph.D

Assistant Professor, Department of siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur

Abstract - Asana is a very ancient practice of yoga. It plays an important role in every find of yoga sadana. “Asanas” in Sanskrit means posture. To achieve the purpose of the study sixty NIDDM patients were randomly selected as subjects from Tamil university OPD in the thanjavur district and their age ranged between 30 and 50 years. They were randomly divided into 4 groups of fifteen each, in which Group I underwent physical exercise training, Group II Yogic training, Group III Combination of Physical and Yoga training and Group IV acted as control Group. In the present study the following factors were selected as variables physical variables grip strength and flexibility Physiological variables, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Combination of physical exercise and yogic exercise produced a significant development on grip strength, flexibility, diastolic blood pressure, better than the physical exercise and yogic exercise did, except systolic blood pressure. Physical exercise produced a significant development on grip strength, resting diastolic blood pressure, better than the yogic exercise did, except flexibility and resting systolic blood pressure. Yogic exercise programme improved flexibility better than the physical exercise programme could. The yogic exercise programme improved resting systolic blood pressure better than the physical exercise and combination of physical exercise and yogic exercise could. Combination of physical exercise and yogic exercise programme improved resting systolic blood pressure better than physical exercise programme could.

Keywords: Grip strength, Flexibility, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure


12

Scientific Investigation of Hibiscus Vitifolius - A Tamil Traditional Medicinal Plant against

Hepatitis Anbu Jeba Sunilson. J1 & Anita Gnana Kumari. A.V2

Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India1 School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Malaysia2

[email protected]

Abstract - Tamil Medicine is one of the oldest traditional systems of medicine, which has been originated from India and is practiced mostly in the southern part of India and Sri Lanka for treating various diseases including even chronic conditions. Tamil Nadu is abundant in medicinal plants that can prevent, control and cure wide range of ailments. The present study was aimed to obtain various extracts of Hibiscus vitifolius (H. vitifolius) roots and to scientifically investigate the traditional claim against CCl4 induced hepatotoxic rats. The study was also aimed to isolate the active constituents from the pharmacologically active extract followed by elucidate the structure and to evaluate in-vitro hepato-protective activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The dried, coarsely powdered H. vitifolius roots were successively extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water by cold maceration technique for 6 days. All the extracts(400mg/kg b.wt. p.o.) were evaluated for their hepato-protective activity in CCl4 induced hepatotoxic rats. On day 7, blood was collected and haematological and biochemical parameters were estimated. Histopathology was performed to confirm the activity. The active methanolic extract was subjected to column chromatography using silica gel (60-120 mesh size) as an adsorbent. Benzene was used to build up the column. The polarity of the mobile phase was gradually changed to elute the active constituent and its structure was established by spectral studies. The isolated compound was tested for in-vitro hepatoprotective studies against Human Hepatoma C virus cell line. The % cellular viability and IC50 value were calculated. Clinical toxicology studies were also carried out. Among all the extracts, methanolic extract of H. vitifolius (400mg/kg) showed significant hepatoprotective effect. Methanolic extract (400mg/kg b.wt. p.o.) exhibited the potent hepatoprotective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, as evident by the significant restoration of the haematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination also supported the hepatoprotective effect. Column Chromatography using benzene: ethyl acetate (1:9), eluted out a yellow crystalline compound which gave a positive colour reaction for flavonoid glycoside which was confirmed as gossypin by melting point and spectral data such as UV, IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectrum. This was further evident by comparing with the marker compound gossypin by mixed melting point, Co-TLC and Co-HPTLC. In-vitro hepatoprotective studies against Human Hepatoma C virus cell line shows that 170 µg/ml as IC50 value for the isolated compound gossypin. No mortality was observed during 60 days period of clinical toxicology studies. The present study validates the Hibiscus vitifolius for the first time for the treatment of HCV and related liver disorders and its hepatoprotective effects are attributed to the presence of gossypin as active agent. Such a study in the field of Tamil traditional medicines put a firm foundation for standardization and scientific evaluation to establish the therapeutic efficacy of this plant.

Keywords: Hibiscus Vitifolius


13

Bioactive Constituent Profiling of Poly Herbal Distillate Thribhaladi Dravagam to evaluate its

credible therapeutic role in Siddha clinical Practices

Vinayak. S1, Gayatri R2, Eugene Wilson3, Shyamala Rajkumar4, Sunil Kumar K.N5, Selvarajan.S6 & Kanakavalli7

* Central Council for Research in Siddha, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India – Medical Officer

(Siddha), (National AYUSH Mission) Government Siddha Hospital, India Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha), India

[email protected] [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract- Hydro distillation in Siddha medicine is the technique of extracting valuable principles from a pre-processed raw drug through the traditional process of distillation under a controlled temperature setting. Thribhaladi Dravagam (TD) is one of the polyherbal distillate formulation stated in the Tamil medical text specified for phlegmatic affections. The drug was subjected to GC-MS studies to screen its bioactive sketch. Two sets of raw drug samples from different locations were collected. The raw drugs were purified and pre-processed as per the classical literature and distilled in a traditional apparatus. Two distillate samples (TD 1 & TD 2) were prepared from the set of ingredients and were screened for its constituents. The Gas chromatogram of TD 1 revealed 4 prominent peaks with retention time ranging from 4.84 to 8.27. TD 2 reported 8 prominent peaks with retention time ranging from 3.35 to 7.88. The study testified the presence of active volatile metabolites like aldehydes and oxygenated monoterpenes like citral and borneol, monocyclic alcoholic compounds like terpineol and organic acids like caprylic acid from both the samples. TD 2 reported more pharmacologically valuable lead molecules than TD 1, which may be due to the variation in diversity of the two sets of raw drug samples. The bio constituents of TD was found to be pharmacologically significant from the review of various reputed research works supporting the traditional claim on its role in the respiratory system and for maintaining good health. Through the review of Thribhaladi Dravagam and its analytical part performed through GC-MS, the medical applications of TD in multiple clinical associations and as a perfect health promoter has been justified for promoting its traditional value. Keywords: Siddha medicine, Theeneer, Thribhaladi Dravagam, GC-MS, Citral, Isoborneol, Terpineol, Caprylic acid.






4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Business Management and Finance

14

A Study on Rewards and Employees’ Performance in Financial Service Industry

Baskar T.

Department of Business and Management Studies, Trincomalee Campus Eastern University, Sri Lanka

[email protected]

Abstract- Human resources are most valuable assets in every organization. Reward system is also essential for the organizations to succeed. If the organization wants to increase the productivity and financial reward, there must be a treatment for the employees as the most important assets of the organization. Human resource managers seek to design reward structures that facilitate the organizations goals and meet the goals of individual employees. A successful reward system should link performance and employee competence with structured packages of compensation and their benefits. This study was conducted on the following title “A Study on Rewards and Employees’ Performance in Mercantile Investments and Finance PLC at Trincomalee Branch”. The mean value and stranded deviation of the all independent variables effect on level of job performance of employees in Mercantile Investments and Finance PLC at Trincomalee. This study concern about differences of the satisfactory levels of the rewards and job performance employees. According to the rewards factor 95% of the employees are in satisfactory level rests of the employees are in moderate level. As same concerning about job performance factor 95% of the employees are in satisfactory level rests of the employees are in moderate level.Most of the employees have positive relationship between rewards and job performance. When rewards satisfactory level is increasing job performance also increase. Keywords: Rewards, Employees Performance, Financial Service Sector


4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Business, Management & Finance

15

Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness; A Theoretical Perspective

Mathushan P.

Faculty of Business Studies Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna

[email protected]

Abstract - In recent decades’ leadership styles and emotional intelligence (EI) have stressed a significant role and impact in management as well as organizational context. Emotional intelligence has recently become one of the key talking points when it comes to leadership. One thing we know for sure is that it is a trait that can be measured and developed. Emotions are understood and controlled through intellectual prowess. In recent decades, for many individuals like managers in the workplace, Emotional intelligence (EI) can be considered more crucial than (IQ) Intelligence quotient in achieving the success in their personal and professional life. Therefore, it is imperative to study and access the impact and its relationship between leadership success and emotional intelligence in workplaces. Since, both terms have dramatic influence in satisfaction, motivation and eventually accomplishment of goals and objectives of an organization. Emotional intelligence defined as an ability to understand and manage our own emotions and emotion of others. In further its emphases regulating emotion in oneself and others. Leadership could be known as a process of influencing, directing, and inspiring people to achieve an agreed goal. Leadership is an inevitable and integral function in every organization to enhance their firm success. As peoples our effectiveness and success and the success of the career advancement depends on our ability to read and understand our own and other emotions. Thus, EI is the ability to understand other people, that inspires them and how to work with other people cooperatively in order to achieve our predetermine goals and objectives. Hence every single one of us need to develop the mature emotional intelligence skills needed to much better understand, empathize and negotiate with other people. In regard, this theoretical study is carried out to identify the importance and impact of emotional intelligence in leadership. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Leadership, Management, Organization, Motivation, Satisfaction



16

Sustainable Practices for Business

Samuel Anbu Selvan.S.C.B1 & Mohamed Hussain.S2

Assistant Professor and Research Supervisor, Department of Commerce1, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Assistant Professor and Research Scholar, Department of Commerce2, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract - Sustainability has been described as “a three-legged stool, involving people, the planet, and profits.” The ways businesses can and should incorporate sustainability principles into their own policies and procedures depend on the type of businesses they are. While the concrete sustainability steps will vary from business to business, there is one commonality across the board, regardless of what a business sells or produces. It’s important to embrace sustainability and make it a priority. Embracing sustainable principles is the right thing to do for the planet and all living things. But, it’s more than the right thing to do. It’s the smart thing to do for businesses. This article deals in detail about the various perspectives of sustainability in Business Practices. Keywords: Sustainable Principles, Business Operations, Sustainable Development


17

Consumer’s Attitude on Consumer Purchase Intention: An Investigation of Effect of Viral

Marketing

Sathiyasri & Kennedy F.B.

Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Commerce & Management, Eastern University, Sri Lanka [email protected]

Abstract- Consumers’ buying decision is very complex. Usually purchasing intention is related with consumers’ behavior, perception and their attitude. Purchasis an Compared to traditional marketing, viral marketing offers a host of additional benefits which included lower costs, closer firm and client relationships, redesigning distribution and so on. Business people should understand the effectiveness of viral marketing and improvise it by identifying consumers’ attitudes towards viral marketing. In fact, internet had provided a context for marketing that may affect consumer responses towards their purchasing behavior. There are several studies that have investigated the possibility of online marketing that affects the consumers’ purchasing decision. Most of the researchers have identified the consumer attitude towards viral marketing, some of them are addresses the purchase intention of the consumers. Consumer attitude towards a company marketing strategy will greatly influence the consumers purchase intention and there is positive relationship between consumers’ attitudes towards viral marketing with consumer purchase intention. It is argued that even though there are some evidences on the effectiveness of viral marketing in order to make a successful marketing program, it is essential for marketers to study the consumers’ attitude towards viral marketing on consumer purchase intention so that they would be familiar with the psychology of consumers. The purpose of this research is to identify and examine whether consumers’ attitudes towards viral marketing (perceived informativeness, perceived entertainment, perceived irritation, perceived source credibility and perceived incentive) will affect consumer purchase intention of consumer who lives at Dehiwala Divisional Secretariat in Sri Lanka. 220 closed ended questionnaires were administrated and 200 were received. The results revealed that the consumers’ attitudes towards viral marketing will affect the consumer purchase intention. Furthermore, it is implies that there is positive relationship between Consumer’s attitude towards viral marketing on consumer purchase intention. Keywords: Consumer’s attitude towards viral marketing, Purchase intention, Perceived informativeness, Perceived Incentives, Perceived entertainment, Perceived source credibility, Perceived irritation.



18

Innovative Marketing Strategies An Over View on Permission Marketing

Participation

Madhavi C. & Rajendren S.

Professor, Department of Business Administration, Annamalai University Director, Management Studies, AVC College (Former) [email protected] & [email protected]

Abstract - Permission marketing is the base for today’s fast changing

marketing world. Godini proposed a new idea of permission marketing, which is “Consumers provide the permission to receive promotional messages”. This is expected to reduce the clutter in the media where every company is mass advertising its products, trying to grab the attention of the consumers. This will help marketers to tailor the information to the needs of customers. Situational Permission, Brand Trust Permission, Personal Relationship Permission, Points Permission, Purchase on Approval and Intravenous Permission are the different levels of permission marketing. This study focuses of people of Tamil Nadu and their view on participating in permission marketing. This also further tries to test how that is associated with important demographic profile of respondents. Keywords: Permission marketing, Situational Permission, Brand Trust Permission, Personal Relationship Permission, Points Permission, Purchase on Approval and Intravenous Permission


19

Emerging Trends towards Online Food Delivery Apps in India

Samuel Anbu Selvan S.C.B.1 & Andrew S.A.2

Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, The American College, Madurai,

Tamil Nadu, India1

PG Teacher of Commerce, Keswick Public School, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India2

Abstract - In recent times, a growing trend has been noticed in the usage of online food delivery services. With the increased usage of technology, every industry is being re-shaped, to better serve the needs of customers, who are the kings of the market. Businesses which are regularly upgraded in order to meet the evolving expectations of customers are those that can succeed in the long run. It is not the technology behind the services provided, rather it is the experience provided to the consumer using real food technology. With this in the background, it should be noted that even customers who had previously preferred to purchase food through offline means, are now turning to online food delivery Apps to make their purchases. The dining out culture is now being transformed into the eating in culture. And this trend is observed to be prominent among youth (15 – 34), especially in the metropolitan cities where there are constant traffic jams and the heavy population density, which results in even short distance travelling being a highly time - consuming process. The resultant effect is that a greater number of Indian households are being seen turning to online food delivery services as an easier and more convenient alternative. As the usage of food delivery Apps grows in the metropolitan cities in India, a growing trend is also being seen in smaller cities. It has therefore become a necessity for online food delivery service providers to identify the preferences and perceptions of consumers to enable them to meet their expectations. Through this study the historical background, current scenario and possible future developments have been discussed in order to help online food delivery services develop better strategies to improve sales and increase the customer base. Keywords: Food Delivery, Perception, Consuming Process, Food Technology


20

Factors Affecting Consumption of Organic Food Products in Sri Lanka

Prabaharan T. & Shamini H.

Abstract- Organic food consumption has become an important alternative to conventional food consumption in the sustainable environment. In Sri Lanka, the organic food market follows a positive trend, although the consumption rate is still less compared to the rest of the world; therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors influencing in the increase of organic food consumption. Hence the objective of the study is to analyse and discuss the organic food market and its’ consumption in Sri Lankan context. This study presents factors affecting consumers to consume organic food products in Batticaloa. A sample of 200 consumers’ response attained through online survey with structured questionnaires to examine key factors influencing to consume organic food. The data obtained from the survey were analysed with reliability test, and mean regression analysis. The findings reported that environmental concern, health and safety conscious, knowledge of organic food, perceived price of organic food and availability of organic food are influencing customers to consume organic food products. Out of these, Health and safety conscious and environmental concern are highly influencing factor in the consumption of organic food products. Hence, study concluded that health and safety conscious and environment concern are key reasons why people buy organic food products. Keywords: Health & Safety conscious, Environmental Concern, knowledge, Perceived Price, Availability and Organic Consumption


21

Organizational Politics: A Review of Positive and Negative Sides

Ajenthiny J.

Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management & finance,

University of Colombo, [email protected].

Abstract- Organizational Politic is important in the management literature. Some view organization politics as a mean for working through conflict in the organization. But actually organizational politics is a influencing activities, that the organizational members resort to in order to maximize their goals and Interest in the workplace .at that same time organizational politics is viewed as a key social influence process that can be either functional or dysfunctional to employees and organizational goal. And organizational politics is a complex, pervasive and ambiguous phenomenon. And individual factors and organizational factors are mains two broad category that is reason for conflict. While so far more concentration viewed negative outcome but now both positive and negative outcome is taken into consideration. This paper discusses the type of political behavior based on various scholars’ works. And this paper has two major goals: (1) to review the major studies which discussed under organizational politics in the past years (2) to study the positive and negative sides of the organizational politics. This research investigates the area mostly the both side of the organization politics by offering example from literature and carried out throughout the years. This review help connect varies concept with organization politics like leadership style, emotion intelligence, conflict handling style in the future. Keywords: Organizational Politics, Functional or dysfunctional, Positive and Negative outcome


4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Sciences & Technology

22

Impact of Social Networking Media among Undergraduates in Higher Educational Institution

Suhail Razeeth M.S.1, Kariapper R.K.A.R. 2, Pirapuraj P.3, Rishan U.M.4 & Nafrees A.C.M.5

Department of Information and Communication Technology, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka1, 2, 3, 4, 5

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],, [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - These days social networking (SN) has become very popular among university undergraduates and public. Significant number of undergraduates has been using variety of social networking tools like Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, YouTube and LinkedIn different purposes. All social networking tools are very popular among higher educational students and each of these social networking tools are getting popularity in different areas. Ongoing study proposes that over 95% undergraduate students are normally utilizing social networks. Most social networking tools do not protect its user from privacy issues and only few of social media does. Provides engaging learning environment, Confidentiality, Privacy, Motivation, Ease of use, Availability, Effect on health, satisfaction, file sharing and storage are the major issues in contemporary social networking tools and SN users, especially undergraduates must be aware on all those characteristics for better use of SN and for protecting themselves from unwanted issues. This paper analysis the most interesting issues among popular SN medias and guide undergraduates to focus on their education in correct way. In-fact Facebook is very popular among undergraduates though it partially contributes to the academic activities. Most students desire to use WhatsApp due to the security and user friendliness (convenient functions) comparing with other SN. This study answers better SN tools for educational activities in its own capacity.

Keywords: Whatsapp, Security, Social Networking, Higher Education,

Facebook






4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Social Sciences & Humanities

23

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fUj;jhly;

Kanneraj A. Senior Lecturer Gr.II, Dept. of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts & Culture,

Eastern University, Sri Lanka [email protected]

Ma;Tr; RUf;fk;- cyfehLfspy; gy;NtW murhq;f Kiwikfs; eilKiwapy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. mJ me;je;j ehl;bd; tuyhW> murpay; gpd;dzp Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNtis xU ehl;by; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;w murhq;f Kiwik rpwe;jjhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gjw;fhf> Vida ehLfs; mk;Kiwikiag; gpd;gw;w KbahJ. mt;thW gpd;gw;w Kw;gl;ljd; tpisNt ,yq;ifapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwikf;fhd ehw;gJ tUlfhy tuyhwhFk;. ,jpy; jdpkdpj tpUg;Gk; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwikia xopg;gjw;fhd Kaw;r;rpfs; kpf ePz;l fhykhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Nl tUfpd;wd. MapDk;> mjd; ,Wjp ,yf;F ,d;Dk; milag;gltpy;iy. epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwikapid xopg;gJ jkpo; kf;fs; ghu;itapy;> rhjfkhdjh? my;yJ ghjfkhdjh? vd;gjid Ma;Tg; gpur;rpidahff; nfhz;L ,t;tha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tha;thdJ gz;G uPjpahdnjhU Ma;thf mike;Js;sJ. ,t;tha;tpw;Fj; Njitahd juT %yq;fs; ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juT %yq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.

,t;tha;tpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhf epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwik jkpo;r; rpWghd;ik ,dj;jpw;F rhjfkhfTs;sjh? my;yJ ghjfkhfTs;sjh? vd;gjid mwpjy; MFk;. mj;Jld; ,t;tha;tpd; JizNehf;fkhf> epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwikf;F khw;wPlhf Kd;itf;fg;gLk; khw;W topKiw njhlu;gpy; jkpo;r; rpWghd;ik ,dj;jpd; ghu;itapd; rhjf mk;rq;fis mwpjYk; MFk;.

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jpwTr; nrhy;: epiwNtw;W mjpfhu [dhjpgjp> jkpo;r; rpWghd;ik kf;fs;> ,uz;lhk; FbauR murpay; ahg;G.



24

Struggling to Breath: The Thorny Road that Sri Lankan Community Radio Travelled Through

Dutta, A1 & Jayawardhana K.G.L.A.N.S.2

Department of Communication and Journalism1,

Gauhati University, India. Department of Languages and Communication Studies2,

Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract- Radio is considered as the most widespread electronic communication device in the world and a unique means of reaching the world’s poorest communities. When it comes to the community radio, it is all about the public interest of a particular geographic group or community. It is the foremost medium that gives the marginalized a voice when their voice is suppressed by the haves and the other mass media which are under the control of haves. Although community radio in Sri Lanka has three decades of history, the country stands the risk of having this pioneering experience with CR locked away as memory, as by now, there is no community radio in true sense available in Sri Lanka. In order to find out the reasons behind the failure of community broadcasting in Sri Lanka, 8 leading community radio activists of Sri Lanka were interviewed by using semi structured in depth interviews. State control over community radio stations, no legal framework for community radio, not available funding, responsible government authorities’ misconceptions and the lack of knowledge about the true sense of community radio, appointing a permanent staff from SLBC than giving more priority for the volunteers from the same community, competition with mainstream media and lack of human resources available / less dedication were identified as the causes for the failure of CR in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Community Radio, Mainstream media, Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation, State control




25

Representation of Violence in Children’s Television Cartoons and Its Impact on Children in

Sri Lanka

Jayasekara J.M.C.I.1 & Boyagoda E.W.M.S.2

Department of Languages and Communication Studies, Trincomalee Campus,


[email protected]

Abstract- Children begin watching cartoons on television by the age two or three children and become an enthusiastic viewer. Later on, they become violent and addictive. The research seeks to find out the representation of violence in television cartoons and to examine the impact of the cartoon on children. In order to carry out the objectives of the research, qualitative and quantitative methodologies were employed. Primary data were collected through content analysis and in-depth interview method. The social cognitive theory was the theoretical framework for the study. The research found out that, every forty cartoon episodes have represented at least one violence. Among nine types of violence, majority of television cartoons have used physical violence rather than other violence and time also allocated highly. According to findings of the in-depth interview method, most of the children imitate cartoon characters and adventures which are in cartoon stories. After watching cartoons, behaviour (talking style, walking style, way of deal with others, decision making) of children has been changed heavily. There are behavioural changes in children after watching cartoon programmes. Keywords: Television Cartoons, Violence, Impact, Media violence, Representation, Social Cognitive Theory



26

Challenging a Historical Text in Translation: A Study Based On the Translation of Yalppanavaipavamalai by C. Brito

Cumaran E.

Senior lecturer, Department of Tamil, Faculty of Arts, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. [email protected]

Abstract- In this study an attempt is made to have a deep analysis on the translation of Yalppanavaipavamalai, a historical work in Tamil, written in 18th century AD, by Mailvakanapulavar, an outstanding Tamil scholar of this period. This work records the history of Tamils in Northern Sri Lanka in prose, till the period of Dutch rule, with available evidence gathered from various source like epics, Puranas, folklore, legends, hearsays and chronicles. Though the most of these evidences are seemed to be unauthentic, this work is still being used to comprehend and restructure the history of Tamils in Northern Sri Lanka. It is subjected to translation in English by C. Brito and published in 1879. It is the one and only translation to the Yalppanavaipavamalai. The main objective of this study is to make out the challenges in translating a historical work by scrutinizing the translation of C. Brito. Besides, identifying the peculiar characteristics of an efficient historical translation and finding out the appropriate devices, techniques, methods and means to enhance the quality of the same are also being the objectives of this research. Yalppanavaipavamalai and its translation are taken as primary sources and books, articles, papers and essays on the source text and theories on translation are considered as secondary sources. Descriptive research methodology is adopted in this study and the theories on translation are also applied wherever needed. For the thorough understanding of the source text and its translation, the analytical and historical approaches are also applied. Keywords: Yalppanavaipavamalai, history, Sri Lankan Tamils, C. Brito, Mailvakanapulavar



27

Portrayal of “October 26th Political Crisis” in Newspaper Cartoons

Linganathan. A.

Department of Media Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Jaffna. [email protected]

Abstract - Mass media play an important role to build image of the political situation of the country. According to that newspaper is one of the mass media which involves the influence of knowledge of people and the channel comparatively making more credibility among them. Cartoon is an art that conveying message through satire and critical way with the aim to reach the people in a simplest way of communication. Mostly cartoons express the unstable political situations, corruptions and the current social, economic, cultural and political situations. A political cartoon is a cartoon that argues about an issue, a political situation. This study try to express how political cartoons portrayed the current political climate in humorous way. And what type of techniques and ideas used by daily mirror cartoonists Awanta Artigala and Gihan de Chikera. This paper explained the theoretical platforms to reveal the significance value of the cartoons. Relief Theory used for that study. Qualitative and Quantitative analysis used for this study. Content Analysis was used to identify the themes contained in the cartoons depictions. And both cartoonists are interviewed for this study. Considering these facts, this Content Analysis study uses the purposive sampling method as it primarily focuses on the Portrayal of Sri Lankan “ October 26th political crisis” through the Newspaper political cartoons (Special reference with Daily mirror cartoons of Awanta Artigala and Gihan de Chikera (October 26th 2018 – December 2018)). Keywords: Newspaper, Political Cartoons, Politicians, Crisis, Portrayal



28

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,yf;fpaq;fspd; gq;fspg;G

Habeebullah M. T.1 & Hamthoon P. M.2

Lecturer, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Arabic Language,

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka1 Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Arts and Culture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka2

[email protected]

Ma;Tr; RUf;fk; (Abstract): ,yf;fpaq;fs; nghJthf moFzu;itiaAk; re;Njhrj;ijAk; ntspg;gLj;jp kdpjdpd; kd mOj;jq;fisf; Fiwj;J mtid xU fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd rpwe;j rhjdkhf tpsq;Ffpwd. ,yq;ifapy; ntspte;j jkpo;> rpq;fs kw;Wk; Mq;fpy ,yf;fpa Mf;fq;fs; ,tw;Wf;F rpwe;j Kd;Djhuzq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j tifapy; fPioj;Nja ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;Fk; etPd fhy mwG ,yf;fpakhdJ RitiaAk; mOFzu;itAk; ntspg;gLj;JtJld; mit ,d ey;Ywitf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; ghupa nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;JfpwJ vd;gij ,t;tha;T vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. etPd mwG ftpijfs; kw;Wk; ciueil rhu;e;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;gd Muk;g fhyk; Kjy; etPd fhyk; tiu khdpl cwit tYg;gLj;Jtjpy; kpf neUf;fkhd njhlu;Gfis cUthf;fpAs;sd. ,d;iwa rkfhyr; #oypy; Kuz;ghLfSk; td;KiwfSk; fyhr;rhuq;fSf;fpilapyhd Nkhjy;fSk; kype;Js;s ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,yf;fpaq;fspd; %yk; mtw;iw XusT jtpu;g;gjw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghLfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf gd;ikj;Jt r%f mikg;ghf thOfpd;w r%fq;fspilNa ,d ey;Ywit tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd gy;NtW nraw;wpl;lq;fs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;w NghJk; mtw;Ws; xU Kf;fpa mq;fkhf ,yf;fpaj;ij cs;slf;f KbAk;. vdNt ,e;j Ma;thdJ ,j;jifa fUj;jpay;fis cs;slf;fpapUg;gJld; etPd fhy mwG ,yf;faq;fs; ve;jsT ,tw;iw cs;sPu;j;Js;sJ vd;gij tpsf;Ftjhf mike;Js;sJ. NkYk; ,e;j Ma;T ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juTfisf; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l xU r%f tptuz gFg;gha;thf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tha;T etPd fhy mwG ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,dey;Ywit gyg;gLj;Jtjpy; ghupasT gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sd vd;w ngWNgw;wpid Kd;itg;gJld; mwG ,yf;fpaj;jpd; xt;nthU gpupTk; ve;jsT ,dey;YwTf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sJ vd;gij jdpahf Ma;Tfs; nra;J ntspf; nfhzu;tJ fhyj;jpd; Njit vd;gijAk; gupe;Jiu nra;tjhfTk; ,t;tha;T mike;Js;sJ.

jpwTr; nrhw;fs;: ,yf;fpak;, ,dey;YwT, rftho;T, ftpij, ciu eil

4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Linguistics & Literature

29

Alterity and Abjection: The Validity of Language Reforms in Sri Lanka

Wanniarachchi W.A.S.A.1 & Egodage W.A.2

1ELTU, Bhiksu University of Sri Lanka, Puttalam Road, Anuradhapura

2ELTU, University of the Visual and Performing Arts, Albert Crescent, Colombo 07 [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract—Language reforms have drastically influenced the social and cultural identities of each human being. Language reforms in Sri Lanka were triumphant in forming different layers in the local society, polarizing the suppressed local ethnic groups further. This dichotomy is prevalent in the contemporary Sri Lankan society and the ones who speak languages of authority are in the dire need of oppressing the already oppressed; Sri Lankan minor ethnic groups/languages. This paper discusses the validity of the intention of the 1956 Language Act, i.e. to prioritize Sinhala over English in Sri Lanka by promoting Sinhala as the only official language of the country. On the contrary the paper is also focused on the repercussions of the 1956 Language Act. Promulgating the Act lead to a chaos within ethnic groups and it also proved that the significance of the role played by every language in the society cannot be underestimated. Further, the vital necessity to mitigate the language based segregation erupted from the Language Act is accentuated in the paper. The significance of promoting both Sinhala and Tamil as compulsory subjects for every student with English as a second language is stressed. Keywords: Reforms, Segregation, Validity


30

Attitude towards English at Trincomalee Campus: A Case Study

Somarathna K. T. P. C.1 and Savarimuttu J. S. R.2



[email protected]

Abstract—This research paper on Attitude Analysis is a part of a larger extended study having the sample size as 374 respondents covering all streams and year of study at the Trincomalee Campus of the Eastern University, Sri Lanka, stressing the fact that an Attitude Analysis is essential before doing the Need Analysis for L2 erudition and even if the needs of the target populace are identified, these needs cannot be fulfilled if there is no proper attitude amidst the target populace. The researchers were prompted to undertake an attitude analysis to identify the fault-line, since it was told that the present syllabus of the present curriculum was based on need analysis and this present syllabus does not impart effective erudition, since students find themselves not at home with regard to the English language. It further stresses the fact that even though L2 learners have a positive leaning towards English, their fear of committing errors and their shyness of being laughed at becomes the greatest stumbling blocks. This paper stresses the fact that proper change in attitude is essential in the target audience to attain true erudition, where one is ready to make errors, analyse their errors, and correct them so as to bring true erudition. Keywords: Attitude analysis, Need analysis, Second language (L2), Bilingualism, Fear


31

Challenges to Sri Lankan Tamil Cinema- A Case Study

Joel Jairus. R & Sivapriya S.

Department of Languages & Communication Studies, Faculty of Communication and Business studies, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University of Sri Lanka1,2

[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- The research seeks to find out the challenges faced by the Sri Lankan Tamil cinema industry using case study method. In addition to that, the study examines the reasons for the depressing state of Tamil cinema in Sri Lanka and remedies taken by the authority to uplift the status of Tamil cinema in Sri Lanka. In order to carry out the objectives of the research, survey methodology were employed. Primary data were collected through Questionnaire and interviews. The research found out that, Sri Lankan Tamil audience is influenced by the South Indian cinema. Distribution of theaters, Lack of producers, Lack of media support, South Indian style of filmmaking, the average standard of the Sri Lankan Tamil films, no much films on nativity, no institution for professional filmmaking and acting, dialogue delivery, facial expression, poor sound quality, editing, poor cinematography, technology usage, setting, stories, screenplay, over acting have been identified as the main defects in Sri Lankan Tamil cinema by the audience. Though films of LTTE have been destroyed by the Sri Lankan government there is no influence from the Sri Lankan government on Sri Lankan Tamil industry. Keywords: Challenges, Sri Lankan Tamil Cinema, Survey method



4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Agriculture

32

Quality Evaluation of Finger Millet Chocolate Biscuits with Different Formulas

Wijesinghe, M.D.A.1, Premakumar, K. 2 & Shakithya, S.3

Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture,

Eastern University, Sri Lanka1, 2, 3 [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract: This research study was carried out to produce quality biscuits using finger millet and cocoa powder with different formulas of following ingredients. Biscuits prepared from different formulas vz: T1- Wheat flour + Cocoa powder, T2- Finger millet + Wheat flour + Cocoa powder, T3- Finger millet + Soaked Basil seeds ( Basil Seeds- Dried seeds of Ocimum basilicum ) + Cocoa powder, T4- Finger millet + Green apple puree + Cocoa powder and T5- Finger millet + Grated coconut + Cocoa powder, were subjected to analysis of nutritional, physical, organoleptic and microbial qualities to evaluate the suitability of these biscuits for consumption . The nutritional qualities of the freshly prepared finger millet chocolate biscuits revealed that moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber and total sugar content were significantly different from different treatments. The physical properties of biscuits revealed that there were significant differences between the treatments of biscuits at 5% level of significance. According to Tukey’s test, the mean scores for all assessed organoleptic characters varied significantly (P< 0.05) in freshly made chocolate biscuits. No harmful micro-organisms were observed in the freshly made biscuits. Based on the nutritional and organoleptic qualities of freshly made finger millet chocolate biscuits, most preferred treatments such as, T2, T3 and T4 were selected and subjected to storage studies at ambient conditions for one month to evaluate shelf life of these biscuits. Nutritional qualities of each treatment were tested at one week intervals for one month. The results of nutritional analysis showed that, there were significance differences (P<0.05) between the tested treatments. These results revealed the difference in moisture, ash, fat, fibre, protein and total sugar of the chocolate biscuits. The organoleptic analysis was carried out at the end of four weeks revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences for the organoleptic characters between the formulations. From overall acceptability rating, the biscuit sample prepared from finger millet with green apple puree had the highest mean value compared with other treatments. .Microbial analysis was done after one month of storage. Products were not affected by any microbial activities because of low moisture content. Based on the nutritional, organoleptic and microbial qualities, the biscuit sample prepared from finger millet with cocoa powder and green apple puree was the best treatment compared to other combinations at the end of one month storage period. Keywords: Biscuits, Cocoa powder, Green apple puree, Finger millet, Formulas, Basil seeds




33

A Review on Biological Management of Fall Armyworm on Maize

Sivasubramaniam, N.1 & Imthiyas, M. S. M.2

Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Vantharumoolai, Sri Lanka1

Sri Lanka School of Agriculture, Palamunai, Sri Lanka2 [email protected], 1 [email protected]

Abstract—Fall armyworm (FAW) become one of the major threats in maize cultivation worldwide and which causes billion-dollar yield losses directly. Many approaches are found to suppress the FAW effects on maize which may classified into cultural methods, chemical methods, biological methods and integrated pest management strategies. Among all the options available, biological control of FAW is promising one and which studied extensively. Biological approaches include classical biological control, inundative releases of biological control agents, usage of botanicals and biopesticides. According to the literature, predators such as Trichogramma or Telenomus wasps are the best examples of species used in inundative release to control FAW eggs while parasitoids like Doru sp., Orius sp. and Chelonus spp may be decent candidates to control young instars of FAW. Entomopathogenic fungi namely Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae play quite lot role in managing of FAW in maize plants. Further, Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial based biopesticides widely used to control FAW in most of the plants including maize. In virus-based control, Baculovirus groups especially, granulovirus (SfGV) and multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) have been studied so far for the management of FAW. In which, SfMNPV shows greater potential for use in the management of FAW. In addition, plant botanicals and biopesticides helped tremendously to develop biological management strategies for FAW which includes Neem, Acacia, Wild marigold, Chili, onion etc. It can be concluded that a sustainable way of managing FAW becomes practicable when the management strategies combined with the appropriate biological tactics simultaneously with the assessment of environmental safety. Keywords: Biological method, Environment friendly, Fall armyworm, Maize




34

Statistical Screenings of Medium Components for the Production of Chitinase Enzyme Using

Sugarcane Bagasse

Subhagar S.1 & Sudhakar P.2

Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering,

Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar – 608002, Tamilnadu, India. [email protected]

Abstract—Statistics based experimental designs were used to optimize the medium components for Chitinase production. Considering the industrial importance of enzymes, the optimization studies were performed on strains of Trichoderma viride (MTCC167) which produce Chitinase enzyme using sugarcane bagasse as substrate. Preliminary studies on the factors colloidal chitin, KH2PO4, yeast extract, (NH4)2SO4, urea, CaCl2, NaH2PO4 and MgSO47H2O enabled identification of important variables with respect to Chitinase production. The Central Composite Design (CCD) contains a total of 31 experimental trials involving the replications of the central points. Central Composite Design was employed to investigate the effect of critical parameters. The dependent variables selected for this Chitinase yield (U/gds). The most important factors with respect to each strain were then identified using fractional factorial. In general, colloidal chitin, KH2PO4, yeast extract and MgSO4.7H2O affected the Chitinase production. CCD was used for model building and chitin and yeast extract were found to have an interactive effect on Chitinase production in T.viride whereas yeast extract alone had a quadratic effect on Chitinase production in the strain. Similarly, colloidal chitin and yeast extract had a quadratic effect on Chitinase production using T.viride. The optimal values of important variables were determined by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and numerical optimization.

Keywords: Chitinase, Trichoderma viride, Optimization, Sugarcane bagasse


35

Estimation of Methane Emission from Rice Fields in Batticaloa District

Brinthiga V.1 & Navaratne C.M.2

Faculty of Graduate studies, Sri jayewardenepura University, Sri Lanka1

Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka2 [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract—Paddy cultivation plays an important role in Sri Lankan Agriculture. Methane, one of the primary greenhouse gas is produced as a byproduct of rice cultivation. Anaerobic decomposition of organic material in the flooded rice fields produce methane and it escapes from paddy fields to atmosphere primarily by diffusive transport through the rice plants during the growing season. Hence, this study employed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) proposed model to estimate the methane emission from paddy fields. The results show that the average methane emission of Batticaloa rice fields was 4.449 Gg CH4 yr-1. The average rate of CH4 emission for irrigation land and rain-fed land were 1.051 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 and 0.343 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 respectively. Rice cultivation in Maha season contributed 57.5 % of annual CH4 emissions. An effective way of adaptation strategies for methane emission reduction would be changing the organic fertilizer application rate, practicing proper water management practices and using suitable rice cultivar. Keywords: Climate change, Methane emission, Rice field


36

Fortification of Butter by Adding Clove Oil (Syzygium Aromaticum L)

Senavirathna H.D.A.1 & Pagthinathan M.2

Department of Animal Science, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

[email protected]

Abstract—Incorporation of clove oil to the butter is beneficial for human health. Butter was made using different concentration of clove oil (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% w/w) and kept in refrigerator for 8 weeks. The moisture, fat, pH, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity and free fatty acids content as well as sensory characteristics of clove oil added butter samples were determined during the storage period. At day one highest antioxidant activity was in butter with 0.75% clove oil. At the end of the storage period butter without clove oil showed the highest value of moisture, titratable acidity and free fatty acids and butter with 0.75% clove oil showed the lowest value of moisture content, titratable acidity and free fatty acids. Fat content was not (p>0.05) different within the treatments. Lowest pH value was in butter without clove oil and highest pH value was butter with 0.75% clove oil. In sensory evaluation at day one, panelist were mostly preferred butter with 0.25% clove oil. At 8th week of the storage period butter with 0.50% clove oil was taken the highest score for the overall acceptability.



37

Availability of Information for Backpacker Tourism in Sri Lanka

(A Case Study: Trincomalee District)

Jayasinghe R.A.U.C.1 & Boyagoda E.W.M.S.2


Eastern University, Sri Lanka1,2 [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract - The present study aims to identify the sources and availability of information for backpacker tourists and the possible reasons for visiting Trincomalee which can help to construct and implement proper marketing plan and strategy for the industry. The study revealed that Sri Lankan tourism industry has not fulfilled the information requirement for the backpacker tourism adequately. Backpackers use various information resources to get the information on Trincomalee tourist area. Among them, ‘words of mouth’ plays a significant role in distributing the information. The Second information source was ‘Internet’ and the Third was ‘leaflets/ travel guides’. Mass media; Television and Radio, are giving less contribution to distribute of information for the tourists. The findings concluded that information on ‘places’ and ‘accommodation’ are available in Trincomalee district, Sri Lanka but there were less information on ‘medical advices and sanitary facilities’ and ‘transportation’. The main reasons for visiting Trincomalee by the backpackers were ‘whale watching’, ‘visiting sites’ and ‘beaches’. Furthermore, it is revealed that Trincomalee was rather a short trip stays than a destination for a longer period.

Keywords: Backpackers, Diffusion of Innovation theory, Information, Tourism, Trincomalee



38

Influence of Different Levels of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield of Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)

Thakshila P. R.1 & Kumuthini D. H.2

Department of crop science, Eastern University,

Vantharumoolai, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka [email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract— A field study was carried out at Crop Farm of the Eastern University of Sri Lanka to determine the influence of different levels of potassium fertilizer on yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv Beeralu in the sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments viz., t1 = No potassium fertilizer (Control), T2 = 90 kg k/ha, T3 = 110 kg k/ha, T4 = 130 kg k/ha (Recommended) and T5 = 150 kg/ha with four replicates. All the agronomic practices were carried out as per the recommendations of the Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka. Sampling was done at 15, 30 and 45 Days After Planting (DAP) by uprooting three plants from each replication at each sampling. The results showed that application of potassium fertilizer at the rate of 110 kg/ha significantly (p<0.05) increased tuber length (28.98%), tuber diameter (23.48%), fresh weight of tuber per plant (0.15%) and the total yield (69%). The results suggest that under the conditions of this experiments the marketable yield of radish can be increased by 69% by increasing the potash fertilizer from 0 to 110 kg/ha and a further increase reduced the yield.

Keywords: Radish, Potassium, Yield, Growth



39

Effect Of Foliar Application Of Wild Sunflower (Tithonia Diversifolia) Leaf Extract On Yield

Attributes Of Vegetable Cowpea Cv. Bs-1 In Sandy Regosol.

Aberathne T.1, Kumuthini D.H2 & Kanchani D.M. Attanayaka3

Department of Crop Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract - A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University of Sri Lanka, during the period of January to April 2019.This investigation was carried out to study the effect of different concentrations and application frequencies of Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extract (TLE) as a foliar application on growth and yield of vegetable cowpea Cv. BS1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments and replicated three times. The treatments were; T0 - Control, T1 - TLE 10% 1 week interval, T2 - TLE 10% 2 weeks interval, T3 - TLE 20% 1 week interval, T4 - TLE 20% 2 weeks interval, T5 - TLE 30% 1 week interval and T6 - TLE 30% 2 weeks interval. Foliar application was started from two weeks after planting up to pod formation and the results showed that the foliar application of TLE 30% at 2 weeks interval had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the fresh weight of pods (21%), dry weight of pods (24.09%), length of pods (25.24%) and Yield at different stages of the growth. Application of TLE at the rate of 30% at two weeks interval increased the yield by 22.22 % over the control treatment. The results suggest that under the condition of this experiment TLE is an effective foliar application for the growth and yield attributes of vegetable cowpea.

Keywords: TLE, Vegetable Cowpea, Foliar application, Yield


40

Comparison of Root and Shoot Morphological Development of Selected Rice Lines (Oryza Sativa

L.) under Moisture Stress Conditions

Wasana H. H. B.1, Harris, K. D. 2, Senanayake J.M.J.B.3, Piyasiri C.H.4, Illangakoon T.K.5

Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka1

Rice Research and Development Institute, Batalagoda, Sri Lanka² [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected] [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract— In Sri Lanka there is a risk in paddy cultivation under rainfed condition in dry and intermediate zones. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the Rice Research and Development Institute (RRDI), Batalagoda during January to March 2019 to compare morphological development of selected rice varieties under moisture stress conditions. The two treatments were rice lines and moisture conditions. The drought-tolerant lines IRDTN 07-11 and IRDTN 07-56 and the variety Bg 300 were selected as rice lines and three moisture conditions viz. irrigated moisture condition throughout the research, moisture stress from two weeks after planting to panicle initiation, followed by an irrigated condition in the reproductive stage, and irrigated condition from two weeks after planting to panicle initiation followed by moisture stress at the reproductive stage has maintained. The moisture stress in the reproductive stage was severely affected the root and shoot development of rice lines rather than the moisture stress in the vegetative stage. Within the vegetative stage, Bg 300 withstands the water stress similar to the IRDTN 07-11 and IRDTN 07-56. With the water stress at the reproductive stage, the maximum length of roots, root ball length, dry weight of roots, the total length of roots and surface area of root higher in IRDTN 07-56 and IRDTN 07-11 were more prominent than that of Bg 300. IRDTN 07-56 was the most drought-tolerant rice line followed by the IRDTN 07-11.

Keywords: Drought tolerant rice lines, Moisture condition, Reproductive, Vegetative


4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Track: Law, Education and Higher Education

41

“Beating Around the Bush”: The analysis of Right to Information Act in Sri Lanka

Jayasekera. B.K.M Lecturer in Law, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University,

Ratmalana, Sri Lanka

[email protected]

Abstract - The right to information is a fundamental right. It ensures the security of the citizen and it protects the rule of law, good governance, due process and democracy of the country. The Right to information in Sri Lanka was formally constitutionalized by the 19th Amendment to the Constitution. The government recently passed the Right to Information Act in the parliament claiming to give effect to this constitutional right. This research discusses the political background of this right to information Act and impact of the new Act which has sweeping provisions to deny access to information, specially the balance between economical rights and the public security. The Supreme Court determination on the constitutionality of the case is also critically discussed. According to this Act, this right applies to citizens against public authority. Further it includes denial of right to information, duties of the ministers and public authorities, establishment of the Right to Information Commission, appointment of information officers and procedure for gaining access to information, appeals against rejections and some general provisions such as offences, regulations etc. India is also implementing right to information. Objective of this research is to find the legal provisions to right to information in Sri Lanka, analyze the legal provision, find out and discuss the related laws in other jurisdiction including India and United Kingdom and analyze the effectiveness of this recently introduced right in Sri Lanka. Author used doctrinal research method and used case judgments and domestic legislations to explain the issues of law. Further historical method is also followed to find the historical development of the right to information in Sri Lanka. The several exceptions to the right as provided in the Act are encompassing and include national security, defense and territorial integrity. Serious prejudice to economy is an exception that can even extend to the extent of repudiation of the sole purpose of the right. The study concludes that the Act is intended to create conditions severely restricting the right of access to information, though it is claimed to be otherwise.

Keywords: Information, Constitution, Rights, 19th Amendment, Act



42

A Study of the Need to Conduct a Pre-Sessional Academic English Course for English Medium

Post-Graduate Students

Rajapakse R.M.N.P

Department of Languages, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University

Kandawala Road, Rathmalana, Sri Lanka.

[email protected]

Abstract - This paper attempts to explore English as a second language (ESL) students' learning experiences in an English medium instruction (EMI) postgraduate course. EMI is becoming very popular in universities for higher studies, even in countries where English is used as a second language. Nevertheless, the students who have studied English as a second language have to face many challenges in EMI lectures as they are not exposed to academic English, which is very much needed to continue their higher studies. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of the pre-sessional full-time English course, which was conducted for three months. A diagnostic test was conducted to measure the students' existing proficiency of the language. Some of the students' language proficiency was below the expected standards, and most of the students lacked the basic knowledge of academic English as to use linking and signposting effectively, accurate in-text citations, evaluating educational materials, critically presenting ideas, analyzing and synthesizing materials were not identified in the test. The statistical analysis based on the pairwise differences between the marks of diagnostic test and the final test marks revealed that there exists a significant improvement in the performance of the students after undergoing the three months pre-sessional English course (P = 0.000 < 0.05). Thus it is further emphasized by the mean of the marks obtained by the students in 2 tests (Diagnostic test = 57.7 < Final Test = 66.19). This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.

Keywords: Pre-sessional, Academic English, Diagnostic test, language proficiency.



43

Adult Education in the 21st Century: Can We Shift to Technology Aided Teaching?

Dharmawardene R.P.

Department of English Language Teaching, University of Colombo

[email protected]

Abstract—As adult English language learners enrolling in the one-year Business English Diploma course at the Faculty of Arts in the University of Colombo find it challenging to achieve the outcome of improving English business vocabulary, we explored whether different delivery modes (of face to face, online and blended) influenced this outcome achievement. Three tutors of English taught the same content to three groups of students using face-to-face, online and blended modes over 3 months in the Department of English Language Teaching in the University of Colombo in 2019. With the face to face mode continuing as a control group (n=10), the blended (n=10) and online (n=10) groups received six online modules and four quizzes on vocabulary. While the online group received all lessons and quizzes online with no face to face instructions, the blended group received 70% of the course materials online with six face to face lessons to cover up the balance 30% of the course modules. The control group too received the same vocabulary learning lesson materials and practiced these only in their face to face classes. While the three groups showed the performance as Blended mean score=44.30, Online mean score=41.20, Face to face mean score =45.80 at the pre-test having sixty fill in the blank questions in dialogue completion, the course-end test (of sixty fill in the blank questions in a similar dialogue completion exercise) showed the blended group participants to have scored significantly increased marks (mean score=53.60, t=-9.508, p=.000), compared to their counterparts (Online mean score=46.90, t= -5.250, p=.001, Face to face mean score =50.60, t= -3.627, p=006) at the significance level of p < .005. This study, with further confirmatory evidence, can have implications for teaching Business English vocabulary in the context of teaching English as a second language in higher education.


4th Annual Research Conference (TRInCo-2019) Education and Higher Education

a

Author Index Abegunasekara N.S., 09 Aberathne T., 39 Ajenthiny A., 21 Akini Nadunika Senavirathna H.D., 36 Ananthajothy V., 05 Anbu Jeba Sunilson J., 12 Andrew S. A., 19 Anita Gnana A.V., 12 Balasubramanian P.L. 11 Baskar T., 14 Bavitra R., 08 Boyagoda E.W.M.S., 25, 37 Brinthiga V., 35 Chanjugaa U., 04, 07 Cumaran E., 26 Dharmawardene R.P., 43 Dutta A., 24 Egodage W.A., 29 Gayatri R., 13 Habeebullah M. T., 28 Hamthoon P. M., 28 Harris K.D., 40 Ilankumaran A., 08 Illangakoon T.K., 40 Imalki K., 07 Imthiyas M. S. M., 33 Jayasekara J.M.C.I., 25 Jayasekera B.K.M., 41 Jayasinghe, R.A.U.C., 37 Jayawardhana, K.G.L.A.N.S., 24 Joel Jairus R., 31 Kanakavalli, 13 Kanchani D.M. Attanayaka., 39 Kanneraj A., 23 Kariapper R.K.A.R., 22 Karunaratne H.K.B.M.S., 09 Kennedy F.B., 17 Kumuthini D. H., 38, 39, 40 Linganathan A., 27 Madhavi C., 18 Mahathevan N., 06 Mathushan P., 15

Mohamed Hussain S., 16 Nafrees A.C.M., 22 Navaratne C.M., 35 Navinkumar M., 10 Pagthinathan M., 36 Pandyvelrajan S., 02 Pirapuraj.P., 22 Piyasiri C. H., 40 Poongodi kanthimathi A.S., 10 Prabaharan T., 20 Pratheepa T., 08 Premakumar K., 32 Rajapakse R.M.N.P., 42 Rajendren S., 18 Rajkumar S. 13 Rishan U.M. 22 Rohan Savarimuttu J. S. 30 Samuel Anbu Selvan S.C.B., 16, 19 Sathiyasri, 17 Selvarajan S., 13 Senanayake J.M.J.B., 40 Shafiya M.I.F., 08 Shamini H., 20 Shakithya S. 32 Sivapriya S., 31 Sivasubramaniam N., 33 Somarathna. K. T. P. C., 30 Sritharan G., 03 Subhagar. S., 01, 34 Sudhakar. P., 01, 34 Suhail Razeeth M.S., 22 Sunil Kumar K.N., 13 Thakshila P. R., 38 Vijayakumar T., 05 Vinayak S., 13 Wanniarachchi W.A.S.A., 29 Wasana H. H. B., 40 Wetthasinghe T.K., 07 Wijesinghe W.M.D.A., 32 Wilson E., 13 Zafeeha M.Z.F., 08

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