Trimming of Sails

A Social Movement Against CorruptionA Social Movement Against CorruptionTRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL BANGLADESH

Trimming of SailsTrimming of Sails

Round Table on Experience with IGRs and Round Table on Experience with IGRs and Political Economy AnalysisPolitical Economy Analysis

Manzoor HasanManzoor Hasan

Transparency International BangladeshTransparency International Bangladesh

Wednesday, 19 June 2002Wednesday, 19 June 2002


IntroductionIntroduction

Progress on several fronts….Progress on several fronts….

Infant mortalityInfant mortality

Child malnutritionChild malnutrition

IlliteracyIlliteracy

Road communicationRoad communication

Women’s positionWomen’s position

Print media…. Print media….


But….But….

In many sectors we face serious problems In many sectors we face serious problems Shortcoming in financial institutionsShortcoming in financial institutionsOverloaded courtsOverloaded courtsGender disparityGender disparityPrimary school completion rates – too Primary school completion rates – too lowlowPoor public service….Poor public service….

GOVERNANCE FAILURE GOVERNANCE FAILURE


Some Facts….Some Facts….

Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP, 1997) Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP, 1997) opinion survey opinion survey

2197 individuals selected randomly from sixty 2197 individuals selected randomly from sixty districtsdistricts

Findings: 95%, 91% & 90% of respondents Findings: 95%, 91% & 90% of respondents felt police, customs & taxation departments, felt police, customs & taxation departments, respectively, most corrupt respectively, most corrupt



Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development CentreMahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Centre

82% considered the police to be the most 82% considered the police to be the most corrupt government departmentcorrupt government department

Businessmen put the police’s service Businessmen put the police’s service standard as the lowest among all forty-four standard as the lowest among all forty-four organisations organisations


Some FactsSome Facts

TIB Household Survey (1997)TIB Household Survey (1997)68% of the households filing 68% of the households filing complaints with the police had to complaints with the police had to make payment make payment 49% of the households had reported to 49% of the households had reported to make prior arrangement with the make prior arrangement with the police on payment for disposal of their police on payment for disposal of their casescases71% of the households expressed the 71% of the households expressed the view that filing of court cases were view that filing of court cases were deliberately delayed by the policedeliberately delayed by the police



63% of the households involved 63% of the households involved in court cases reported that they in court cases reported that they had to bribe the court officialshad to bribe the court officials

53% of the households bribed the 53% of the households bribed the court officials directly and more court officials directly and more than one-fourth (28%) reported than one-fourth (28%) reported making payment of bribe through making payment of bribe through lawyers lawyers

Source: TIB Nationwide Household Source: TIB Nationwide Household Survey,1997Survey,1997


Some Facts…. Some Facts…. Urban Service Delivery (2,400 hh in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Urban Service Delivery (2,400 hh in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and

Rajshahi) – World Bank (May 2002)Rajshahi) – World Bank (May 2002)

28% (less than) satisfied with education system28% (less than) satisfied with education system18% (less than) satisfied with health system18% (less than) satisfied with health system12% (less than) satisfied with electricity service12% (less than) satisfied with electricity service11% (less than) satisfied with quality of drinking 11% (less than) satisfied with quality of drinking waterwater17% (less than) satisfied with sanitation service17% (less than) satisfied with sanitation service20% (less than) satisfied with transport service20% (less than) satisfied with transport service2% (less than) satisfied with police2% (less than) satisfied with police8% (less than) satisfied with judicial service8% (less than) satisfied with judicial service10% (less than) satisfied with land registration10% (less than) satisfied with land registrationGood satisfaction with gas supplyGood satisfaction with gas supply



Bureau of Anti-CorruptionBureau of Anti-Corruption

Time spent before applying Time spent before applying for sanction from PM’s Office: for sanction from PM’s Office: 4 - 9 years4 - 9 years

Time spent after application Time spent after application to PM’s Office before sanction to PM’s Office before sanction is given: 1 year to 6 yearsis given: 1 year to 6 years


Some Facts….Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: INQUIRY STAGEBAC PERFORMANCE: INQUIRY STAGE

9%

32%

59%

FIR

File closed

Pending


Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION BAC PERFORMANCE: INVESTIGATION STAGESTAGE

6%

17%

77%

FRT

Charge-sheets

Pending


Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCE: TRIAL STAGEBAC PERFORMANCE: TRIAL STAGE

4% 5%

91%

Convictions

Acquittals

Pending


Some Facts….BAC PERFORMANCEBAC PERFORMANCE

Total convictions Total convictions 13731373

Total released Total released 1822 1822

Total convictions against VIPsTotal convictions against VIPs 11


Diagnostic studies: Diagnostic studies: IGRs/Political Economy IGRs/Political Economy

Analysis/SurveysAnalysis/Surveys– Better understanding of the Better understanding of the

context – the ‘big picture’ context – the ‘big picture’ – Identify both failures & future Identify both failures & future

reform agenda – ‘windows of reform agenda – ‘windows of opportunity’opportunity’

– Identify linkages – coalition Identify linkages – coalition building building

– Prioritize actionPrioritize action


WB Projects: Judiciary & WB Projects: Judiciary & Traffic ManagementTraffic Management

– Have they met the governance Have they met the governance criteria/agenda?criteria/agenda?

– Improved service delivery?Improved service delivery?– Triggered off wider reform? Triggered off wider reform? – Raised expectations Raised expectations – Wastage (public perception)Wastage (public perception)– Peripheral Peripheral


Big Issues Big Issues

– Separation of judiciary from Separation of judiciary from executiveexecutive

– Establishment of anti-Establishment of anti-corruption commissioncorruption commission

– Right-sizing of administrationRight-sizing of administration– Efficient police forceEfficient police force


Why Reform isn’t being Why Reform isn’t being implemented? implemented?

– Lack of political willLack of political will– Maintenance and Maintenance and

reinforcement of ‘negatives’reinforcement of ‘negatives’– Inability to ‘trigger’ off a chain Inability to ‘trigger’ off a chain

reaction reaction – Need to create new Need to create new

relationships/equilibriumrelationships/equilibrium


SuggestionsSuggestionsGleaned from existing studies:Gleaned from existing studies:– CSOs, NGOs, media, multi/bi-lateral CSOs, NGOs, media, multi/bi-lateral

agenciesagencies– Focus on macro (‘trigger’) issues, Focus on macro (‘trigger’) issues,

e.g. anti-corruption agencye.g. anti-corruption agency– Present ‘workable’ models (done)Present ‘workable’ models (done)– Establish benchmarks/milestonesEstablish benchmarks/milestones– Find championsFind champions– Close ‘exit’ routes for politiciansClose ‘exit’ routes for politicians– Reinforce consensus (not conditions)Reinforce consensus (not conditions)– Increase ‘embarrassment’ factorIncrease ‘embarrassment’ factor


Trim our sails? Trim our sails?

YesYes– But establish realistic But establish realistic

agenda/expectationagenda/expectation– More ‘cost-effective’More ‘cost-effective’– Focus on the ‘big picture’Focus on the ‘big picture’– Increased sense of ownershipIncreased sense of ownership– Could ultimately set off reform Could ultimately set off reform

of political landscape ?of political landscape ?


Reform of political landscape Reform of political landscape (I)(I)

Why?Why?– Because there is no Because there is no

marketplace for ideas.marketplace for ideas.– Because championing ideas Because championing ideas

and policy initiatives will not and policy initiatives will not improve a person’s political improve a person’s political prospects.prospects.

– Because the route to political Because the route to political success is patron-clientism.success is patron-clientism.


Reform of political landscape Reform of political landscape (II)(II)

Democratization of partiesDemocratization of parties

Political/Campaign financePolitical/Campaign finance

Declaration of members’ Declaration of members’ interestsinterests


YOUR COMMENTS AND YOUR COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS TOSUGGESTIONS TO

[email protected]@ti-bangladesh.org

For more information please visit…For more information please visit…

http://www.http://www.titi--bangladeshbangladesh.org.org

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Trimming of Sails

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