Tricorn 1690

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Rules for scaled battles in the Age of Marlborough

Peter Morffew

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Forward

These free rules are part of the Age of Musket series that covers the era of the Musket. Starting

when the smoothbore musket became the primary weapon for Infantry in the 1690's , to the end of

the era when Smoothbore Musket's were being converted to rifled muskets or being discarded for

more modern weapon's in 1862 during the American Civil War.

These rules are designed to capture the flavour of the war's or campaign's from 1690 1866 with

the subtle changes and innuendoes .

The Wars covered by these rules are the League of Augsburg, War of Spanish Succession and the

Great Northern War.

They are also designed to be easy to use , fast flowing and capable of covering small and large scale

games .

Happy gaming .

Copy right 1996 Peter Morffew

Contents of rules

Troop types - Description's of the type of troop's of the period .

Unit size - A description of the maximum size for unit's when using these rules .

Formation's - A description of the different formation's used within these rules .

Scale - Description of the scale used in the rules and in a gameDefinition's - A description of word's used within these rules and their definition's .

Setting up the game -A description of how to set a game , pre-game rules and sequence of play .

Charging - A description of the rules cover charges and charging .

Response to a charge - A description of the rules cover unit's that are being charged and their

response .

Break through - A description of the rules for a break through after a charge and the melee .

Melee - A description of the rules covering the melee .

Movement - A description of the rules cover movement .

Firing - A description of the rules covering Artillery and Musket fire .

Morale - A description of the rules covering morale check's and the morale factor's .

Morale result's - A list of the morale result's and the reaction's from a morale check

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Troop types

Musketeer / Fusilier: These troop's were the line Infantry of the day . The Fusilier's had

lost their role as baggage guard's and were now front line troop's. Armed with a musket and

a bayonet. During the Marlburian era the bayonet was of a plug design that went into the

end of the barrel preventing the infantryman from loading and firing.

Grenadier's: These troop's were the assault troop's of the period . The Grenadier's were the

taller men of a Regiment. They carried a musket and manoeuvred the same as other Infantry

on the battle field.

Also they carried a axe and grenades mad of porcelain filled with gunpowder. Because of

this ability to carry out an attack on troop's in or behind cover there is no deduction on their

melee factor against troop's in cover .

Light Cavalry: These troop's were chiefly Hussar's. Light Cavalry unit's were either

regular or irregular such as Cossack's with the Russian army. The irregular unit's tended to

be unreliable in battle and were used for reconnaissance or held in reserve. There were veryfew regular lancer unit's because of the skill needed to weald a lance in

battle . The best lancer troop's were irregular unit's but gave poor service in battle.

Medium Cavalry: These troop's were Dragoon's , Horse , some Guard Cavalry and Horse

Grenadier's . The Dragoon's had lost their role as mounted Infantry and were now classed as

Cavalry .

Heavy Cavalry: Heavy Cavalry at the time were Cuirassiers some being Guard, they had

just a front plate for protection and were used as shock troops by most European countries .

Irregular troop's: Irregular unit's were used such as Cossack's and Trenk's Pandoour's.

These were used in either reconnaissance, held in reserve, raiding parties, on the battle field

they tended to be of poor quality .

Conscripts :

The Norwegian army used several conscript regiments to compliment the enlisted troops.

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Battalion Gun's:

Battalion guns were light artillery pieces of 2, 3 or 4 pounders attached to a Battalion .

Battalion guns as a rule stay with their parent Battalion.

One artillery figure will represent the gun and crew of a battalion gun team. The gun team

will keep pace with the Infantry as they advance.

Where the Infantry regiment has two or more Battalions the Battalion guns can be attach toone particular Battalion. Again one figure will represent each gun.

Battalion guns will fire at the same target as the infantry Battalion they are with when it is

in Musket range. The fire power of the Battalion guns and muskets is accumulated.

The Battalion gun teams adopt the same morale as the Battalion they are with and will carry

out the same morale reactions.

If a battalion retires the guns will move back unable to fire that bound.

All guns that have to retreat will be unable to fire that bound and unable to respond to a

charge if allowed to fire.

If a Battalion routs that Battalions gun/guns are abandoned and lost for the rest of the

game.

Field Artillery: Field gun's varied in size , but because of their weight the maximum size

tended to be twelve pounder gun's and eighteen pounder howitzer's . The ammunition type

was limited to canister and round shot for long range fire. The canister would comprise of

stone's and glass. Field Batteries consisted of six, eight, or twelve gun team's. Depending on

the nationality.

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Unit size

The maximum size of Infantry Battalions and Cavalry Regiment's that are permissible in

these rules are below.

France Sweden Russia Bavaria Austria Saxony

Dragoon's 10 14 18 14 14 14

Cuirassier's 8 14 14 14

Horse

Grenadier's

18 8

Horse

Guards

10 10

Musketeer's 10 14 14 12 12 12

Grenadier's 8

GuardInfantry 20 10 10

Jager's 10

The number of Battalions per Musketeer / Fusilier Regiment are below

Britainone Battalion; Prussiatwo Battalions; Hanoverone Battalion;

Denmarkone Battalion;Hollandone Battalion except Guard two Battalions

Francetwo or three Battalions; Austriatwo Battalions

Russiatwo Battalions; Swedenone Battalion; Bavaria two Battalions

Norway one Battalion;Saxony two Battalions

A Brigade did not have the definite size but for game purposes a maximum should be 5/6

battalions .

Britain Hanover Holland Prussia Denmark Norway

Dragoon's 10 10 12 12 10 20

Cuirassier's 12

Guard

Cavalry

6 4 16 10

Horse 6 6 10 10

Horse

Grenadier's

2

Musketeer's 10 14 10 12 16 14

Grenadier's 8 8 8 8

Guard

Infantry

8 8 10 20 16

Conscript 20

Command structure would be a General for each Brigade , one General for each wing of the

army and the Army Commander . ( Divisions did not exist).

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Formations

Line : Line is a formation of two rank's of figure's to indicate the unit in close formation in

either three, four or five ranks. The later depth was used by the French

Column of route: This formation is similar to line, a column of figures two figures wide .

This formation is to assist a unit to move from A to B in an orderly manner and then to be

able to deploy in line.

Square: This is a formation that is used by Infantry in defence against Cavalry . The

figures form a hollow square with an even number on the four side's.

The Infantry can fire, each figure counting that is facing the Cavalry unit. Each face of the

square has an arc of 45 degree's to it's front. Square's that have been formed in the samebound whilst being charge can attempt to be broken through.

Square formed in a previous bound cannot be broken through and does not have to check its

response to a cavalry charge.

Unformed: This is a unit that has had it's uniformity disrupted , this could be caused by a

number of reason's . Melee, breakthrough, routing, etc.. To signify that a unit is unformed

each base / stand is turned diagonally to the next one .

A unit will stay unformed whilst it is in a melee, under fire, firing or moving. When the

unit spends a whole bound not carrying out any of these actions it will adopt the reforming

formation.

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Reforming: When a unit comes to reform the unit must be stationary . The unit changes it's

formation from that as above i.e. unformed and adopts the reforming formation. To signify

a unit is reforming the stand's / bases are formed up in staggered line with the corner's of

each base touching.

A unit will stay reforming whilst it is in a melee, under fire, firing or moving. When the

unit spends a whole bound not carrying out any of these actions it can adopt a lineformation.

Scale

The following scales apply to these rules

Ground scale : 3'' = 100 paces

Time scale : One bound = 5 minutes

Figure scale : Each figure represent's fifty men or horses on a base size that represent's an

area covered by the given ground scale in three ranks' or in the case of the Russian's and

French four rank's shoulder to shoulder. For 2mm treat each figure block as a figure.

The factor's are taken into account for the different depth's and the base size is kept the same

for consistency . These rules are designed for 15mm and 25mm figures. For 6mm , 10mm

figures halve the firing and

movement .

For 2mm figure's treat each firing and movement measurement in centimetres .

Figure base :Below are the figure base sizes . These are per figure except for field artillery

where this is the base size for gun and crew.

For Battalion gun's one single Artillerist figure represent's the Battalion gun and crew , this is

the same width as the infantry figure but double the depth of a Infantry figure .

Infantry Cavalry Field Artillery General

2mm figure

block10mm x 5mm 10mm- x 4mm 10mm x 10mm

10mm x

10mm

6mm figures 5mm x 5mm 10mm x 5mm 20mm x 20mm 15mm x15mm

10mm figures 10mm x 6mm 15mm x 10mm 35mm x 35mm20mm x

20mm


30mm


30mm

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Definitions

Retire : A unit will move away from the direction of the charge , attack , fire or melee in

good order towards it's own base line for one bound for one bound .

If attacked the unit will defend itself and only retire for half of a bound.

If a unit has retired for half a bound or more and a friendly unit is blocking the direction toretire the unit will halt in front of the friendly unit and turn to face the enemy.

If a friendly unit is directly behind blocking the route to retire the unit retiring will pass

through the friendly unit's rank's leaving both unformed .

After retiring the full bound the unit will turn to face the enemy. A unit retires at the normal

line pace.

Retreat :A unit retreating will move away from the direction of charge , attack , fire or

melee towards it's own base line for one bound . If the unit is followed up and contact is

made the retreat will become a rout.

If the unit is retreating in response to a charge and the charging unit can make contact the

unit will then rout for the remainder of the move.If no follow up is made or contact made the unit will retreat as normal .

If the line of retreat is blocked by a friendly unit the retreating unit will pass through the

friendly unit's rank's thus becoming unformed as well as the friendly unit.

At the end of the retreat the unit will remain facing away from the enemy it will turn to face

next bound.

A retreating unit will move at column of rout pace.

Rout :A unit routing will move away from the direction of attack, fire, charge or melee

towards it's own base line for one bound . If followed up the unit will rout for a further

bound, if the morale check dictates yet another bound of rout this will be added to the

number of bounds that have already been dictated . If the line of rout is blocked by afriendly unit the unit will rout through it's rank's thus becoming unformed .

At the end of a rout the unit will be facing away from the enemy and will also be unformed .

A unit that rout's has to spend two bound's reforming. Artillery that rout's will abandon the

gun's and will not return to them for the rest of the game. A routing unit will move at

column of rout charging pace.

Battalion :A unit of Infantry that can be joined with other Battalion's to form Regiment's .

Reform :An action carried out by a unit so that it can dress it's rank's . This is carried out

after a rout regardless of circumstance's.It can also be carried out after a melee , charge , breakthrough or being broken through byanother unit . In the later the reform is optional. units unformed will spend a bound

reforming.

Shaken :A unit has become unsteady and need's to reform , the morale is affected and

could have a detrimental affect on any future action's such as charging.

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Breakthrough : A charging cavalry unit has impacted on another unit and the impetus of

the charging unit has caused it to penetrate the rank's and exit the opposite side/end of the

charged unit .

Any unit behind can be engaged during the same bound if contacted .

The first engagement must be resolved first . Both unit's that have been contacted must

resolve the melee . Units broken through are unformed.

A stand :One stand is four figure's = 200 men . Referred to in the response to a charge ,

one stand may turn to face .

Unformed : A unit that has lost it's cohesion and is unable to operate as normal i.e. it will

lack impetus in a charge . An unformed unit can charge but will have it's limitation's .

A unformed unit must spend one bound stationary without being in a melee, firing or being

fired on to adopt the reforming formation before adopting line.

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Getting started

To run a game the player needs a measure, pencil ,note paper and one six sided dice .

Prior to setting out the figures and starting the game players on each side must mark where

they will set up their figures and what their objective is on a map.

The objective can be to hold ground on either flank / wing, attack and route the enemy,attack left or right flank or even to capture a geographical feature on the table.

having drawn up the start positions and the figures are laid out on table .

Once set up both sides determine if one or the other has the initiative.

Both sides role a six sided die each, the player with the highest score has the initiative and

gets a free bound before the game starts properly .

Initiative die roll adjustments :Swedes during the Great Northern War +2

Eugene or Marlborough commanding Allies against French +2

Sequence of play

1 )Declare charges - move charging unit up to maximum musket range of the intended

target .

2 )Charged unit's need to check their response to the charge .

3 )Charged unit carries out it's response to the charge .

4 )Where contact is made carry out melee .

5)Charging unit check's to see if it's break's through .

6 )If the unit breaks through and contacts another unit carry out the same as above for

charges , i.e. response to charge , etc.

7 )If the charging unit breaks through and makes contact with another unit , again check

charged unit's response and then carry out action's and melee .8 )Other movement , those that moved in the morale reaction's from the previous bound or

charge phase do not move .

9 )Other firing - unit's that fired in the charge response phase cannot fire in this phase

10)Morale check's .

11 )Morale reaction's - retire, retreat, rout , follow up . These unit's cannot move in the next

bound's movement phase

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Charges

All charges are declared at the beginning of the bound cycle . The unit or unit's charging

must be indicated as well as the unit or unit's being charged .

The unit or unit's charged must check their response to being charged .If a charged Infantry unit has a rout reaction and the charging unit is Cavalry which makes

contact in the charge phase the Infantry unit is considered to have been ridden down and

will take no further part in the game and will carry on routing for the rest of the game.

This does not mean that the entire unit is destroyed.

If the game is part of a campaign the melee phase is resolved as normal to see what

casualties are inflicted.

An Infantry unit formed up in square from a previous bound does not have to check it's

response to being charged .

If the Infantry unit has a obey order's reaction to being charged the Infantry unit may form

square or it may have a reaction to form square.When this is the case the Cavalry can still attempt to break through if it makes contact as the

square might not be fully formed. The Infantry form square, the Cavalry make contact, the

melee phase is resolved as normal and then the Cavalry try to break through.

If unsuccessful it is considered the square is fully formed and there may be no further

attempt to break through whilst that unit remains in square.

Whilst forming square the Infantry unit cannot fire.

If a charging unit is fired on and takes casualties. The casualties are removed before contact

is made . If the casualties amount to more than fifty percent of the front rank the charge has

been broken and will halt at the next range bracket i.e. if fired at from short range the

Cavalry will halt at short range. If fired at from medium range the unit halts half an inchshort of contact.

If the Cavalry unit has any movement left it may use that up, taking into account the

deduction for turning about.

Any friendly troops behind the unit that has been stopped who are also charging will move

up to base to base contact with the rear rank and halt there.

When this happens the front unit, the one that has had its charge broken cannot elect to use

up any movement that remains and will stay where it is for the rest of the bound.

The unit behind can if it wishes use up any remaining movement and turn about.

In the event of a Cavalry unit breaking through the melee must be resolved first and thecasualties taken off.The breakthrough takes place and if a second unit is contacted that melee is then resolved.

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Response to a charge

A unit being charged must check it's response to being charged .

The only unit that does not have to check it's response to being charged by Cavalry is a

Infantry unit formed up in square.

A unit that has checked it's response to being charged and chooses to form square cannot fireand the square might still be broken through , the square would not have been formed

properly and is still vulnerable to a Cavalry charge .

If a friendly unit is in base to base contact with a charged unit this unit must check it's

response to a charge as well.

A Cavalry unit that has a reaction to obey order's and is unformed can remain stationary and

dress rank's .

The unit will be formed to receive the charge .

If the Infantry or Artillery response to a charge is to fire and the target is closer than the rangegiven then the unit does not fire as it is construed that the unit is unable to respond quickly

enough and is shaken .

Infantry will stand and receive the charge .

Artillery crew's will abandon the gun's.

Artillery crew's who abandon the gun's will seek cover with Infantry within six inches and

when the threat has receded can return to the guns .

If the closest Infantry are further than six inches but less than twelve inches they will

abandon the gun's and will need a morale check to return to the gun's unless an Infantry unit

moves to within base to base contact with the gun bases , physically recapturing the gun's .

If the closest Infantry are more than twelve inches the Artillery crew's will abandon the gun's

and not return for the rest of the game.Where the Artillery crew's seek refuge with an Infantry unit they are effectively part of that

unit and will adopt the same charge and morale reaction's.

Where the Infantry unit rout's the gun's are also lost for the rest of the game.

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To check a unit's response to being charge .

Role a six sided die and compare the score against the unit's present morale status on the

chart below .

Die role score Response to the charge6 or more points under

present morale status

Infantry fire at 2'' , if charge is halted will counter charge .

Artillery will fire at 3'' and stay with gun's .

Cavalry counter charge and use charge factor's

4 or 5 point's under present

morale status

Infantry fire at Cavalry at 2'' range , Infantry counter charge

Infantry.

Artillery fire at 3'' range and retire to closest Infantry . If

attacked in the flank Cavalry and Infantry turn to face .

Cavalry counter charge but do not count the charging factor .

Artillery crews of 8lb or less turn the guns . Heavier gun's

crew's abandon gun's and retire to nearest Infantry unit .

Equal to the morale status

or 1,2 or 3 point's under


Infantry charged by Cavalry fire at 3'' or can form square .

Cavalry and Infantry against Infantry obey order's . If attacked

in the flank or rear one stand my turn and face .

Artillery fire at 6'' then retire to safety .

1 or 2 points over present

morale status

Infantry fire at 5''.

Artillery fire at 8'', Light Cavalry retire , Medium and Heavy

cavalry dress rank's and receive charge .

If being charged in the flank rear will retreat .

3 or 4 point's over present

morale status .

Infantry shaken, will not fire.

Artillery fire at 10''.

Light Cavalry retreat, Medium and Heavy Cavalry retire . Ifbeing charged in the flank or rear will rout.

5 or 6 points over present

morale status

Infantry rout one bound .

Artillery fire at 15'' .

Light Cavalry rout one bound , Medium and Heavy Cavalry

retreat . If being charged in the flank or rear will rout for two

bounds .

More than 6 points over


All rout for two bounds .

If charged in the flank will rout off table .

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Break through

A charging Cavalry unit can check to see if it breaks through the unit or unit's it is charging .

A Cavalry unit cannot break through a Infantry unit that had formed square in the previous

bound . Infantry that have formed square this bound in response to a charge can attempt tobe broken through .

If two Cavalry unit's charge each other and only one breaks through , that unit will carry on .

The other unit will have it's movement arrested at the point of contact and will remain

stationary for the rest of the bound .

It will reform if not attacked .

Cavalry will automatically break through unformed Infantry.

To test for a break through. Total up the factor's below to, role a six sided die .

If the die score is less than the factor the charging Cavalry unit has broken through .

Charging unit factor :Heavy Cavalry ...................................................................................................4

Medium Cavalry.................................................................................................3

Light Cavalry..................................................................................................... 2

Factor's :

If charging troops in the flank or rear .............................................................+2

Cavalry charging Cavalry.................................................................................-2

Both units charging each other........................................................................ +1

Each casualty lost during the charge.................................................................-1

Unit charging is unformed.............................................................................. -2Charging Russian , Spanish or French Infantry............................................... -1

Charging a unit that is reforming.+1

Charging a unit thst s reforming...+3

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Melee

When a melee is carried out the first two rank's of a unit are counted . There is also an over

lap of two figures at each end .

Infantry in square can only count those figures facing the opposing figure's .

After one bound of melee all troop's become unformed unless in square . To reform the unit

need's to be stationary for one bound and carry out no other function , i.e. fire , move or come

under fire .

A unit unformed can still charge , test for a break through and melee but with impediment's .

If a Cavalry unit contact's with a unit unformed it will automatically break through .

Artillery that is attacked will fall back to safety to the closest Infantry within 6'' . They will

return to the gun's once safe and will not be able to fire until next bound .

If a Cavalry unit has broken through a square that has been formed this bound then the factor

for Cavalry against Infantry in square does not apply .

The melee factor for the charging unit breaking through is applicable for both units whether

they have broken through or have been broken through .

Casualty calculation :Multiply the melee factor's by the number of figures in the infantry battalion or cavalry

regiment . Add or subtract the tactical factor . Subtract the score of a six sided

die . For each total score of six one figure or one gun is lost .

If the final score is less than six than the die is rolled . The score must be equal or be less than

the remaining melee factor .

Melee factor :

In contact : melee from last bound Charging

Infantry / Light Cavalry.............1 Infantry / Light Cavalry .......1 . 5

Medium Cavalry .......................1 . 5 Medium Cavalry...................2

Heavy Cavalry...........................2 Heavy Cavalry......................2 . 5

Tactical factor adjustment :

Being attacked in the rear or flank .....................................................................Deduct 2Infantry meleeing against troop's behind hard cover .........................................Deduct 2

Cavalry meleeing against Infantry in square *...................................................Deduct 2

Meleeing up hill .................................................................................................Deduct 1

Reforming , shaken , unformed, retreated last bound ........................................Deduct1

Unit routed last bound ........................................................................................Deduct 2

* Not applicable if Cavalry have broken through

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Movement

Formation's :Line is a unit of figures formed up in two rank's . Column of route is a unit

formed up in a column , two figures wide. Square is a hollow square.

Advancing and firing : Infantry may advance and fire . The distance they can advance and

fire depend's on the type of Infantry they are .

Light Infantry can advance 5'' and fire , Prussian Infantry can advance 4'' and fire , other

Infantry can advance 3'' and fire .

Formation changes :These are carried out with the unit stationary and will take one bound

to complete .

A unit forming square can change formation whilst being charged . This can only be carried

out during the response to the charge phase . Turning about , turning to the right or left only

takes half a bound .

Reforming : Unit's take two bound's / cycles to reform after a rout and one bound to reform

after any other event i.e. melee ,

charge , breaking through another unit or being broken through .

Unit's reforming must be stationary whilst carrying out this action and cannot change

formation .

If a unit need's to defend itself it cannot reform until it has finished firing or meleeing .

Any troops routing off table will not return to the game . Any troops following up a routing

unit off table will need a morale check to return i.e. obey order's or better . Arriving on table

they will be unformed .

Obstacles : Wood's , wall's , hedge's , uphill , moving in and out of building's , crossingstream's and ditches reduces a unit's speed by half .Wood's , wall's , ditches , stream's

building's and hedges nullify the charge impetus of Infantry .

Wall's , wood's and building's nullify the charge impetus of Cavalry .

Artillery :Movement of Artillery is restricted by the weight of the cannon / howitzer .

Light Artillery :1lb , 2lb , 3lb and 4lb cannon's These are considered to be light gun's for

the period . These move at line pace when unlimbered i.e. Battalion and Regimental gun's .

Battalion gun's always move at the same pace as the Battalion they are with .

Medium Artillery :6lb , 7lb , 8lb , 10lb , 12lb cannon's are considered to medium gun's for

the period . These can only be moved limbered up . When unlimbered they can be pivoted

through 90 degree's per bound or 45 degree's and fired at half effect i.e. turn to face in

response to a charge.

Heavy Artillery : 18lb , 24lb 30lb cannon's and howitzer's are considered to be heavy gun's

for the period . These can only be moved limbered up . Once unlimbered they cannot be

pivoted but fire from the position they are pointing in , with a 45 degree arc to the front .

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InfantryLight

Infantry

Light

Cavalry

Medium

Cavalry

Heavy

Cavalry

Light

guns

Medium

guns

Heavy

guns

Line 7'' 12'' 10'' 9'' 6'' 4'' 3''

Charge +2'' +2'' +5'' +4'' +3''

Column ofroute

10'' 12'' 16'' 14'' 12''

Limber up

unlimber

one

Bound

Two

Bounds

FiringBoth rank's in a Infantry unit formed up in line may fire when stationary . Infantry may

advance 3and fire.

If a unit being charged intends to fire it must remain stationary .

There are three types of fire in these rules they are direct , diagonal or oblique and enfilade

fire .

Direct fire is directed at right angles to the target unit and is aimed at the widest part of the

target unit i.e. front and rear , there is a 45 degree angle either side of the right angle and can

be fired at the rear or front of the target unit .

Diagonal or oblique fire is directed at a 45 degree angle and is aimed at the widest part of thetarget unit thus firing across the target unit and can be aimed at the front or rear of the target

unit .

Enfilade fire is directed at right angles to the target unit and is aimed at the narrowest part of

the target unit thus firing along the target unit , there is a 45 degree arc either side of the right

angle .

A unit firing has a 45 degree arc to it's front . Any target in this arc can be fired upon by all of

the figures in the Battalion or Battery . If an intended target is outside this arc the firing unit

must wheel or pivot around with the distance moved measured from the outer edge .

When a target is within range of the musket's in a Battalion the Battalion gun's will also fireat this target .

The Battalion gun fire factor is added to the Battalion musket fire . Then the firing factor's are

added or subtracted along with the die score .

Calculation of casualties :

Multiply the fire factor's by the number of figures in a Infantry Battalion or the number of

gun's in the battery that at firing in the weapon factors table.

Apply the firing factor's to the weapon factors, then subtract the score of a six sided die . The

initial score is the casualty factor .

For each score of six a figure or gun is lost . If the final figure is less than six or there is a

remaining amount then a six sided die is rolled , the die role must equal or be less than thefactor to gain a casualty .

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Weapon factor's Short range Medium range Long range

Musket - per figure 2'' - 1 . 5 4'' - 1 6'' - 0 . 5

Jager's / Rifles - per figure 3'' - 1 . 5 6'' - 1 9'' - 0 . 5

1lb / 2lb gun - per gun 6'' - 1 . 5 12'' - 1 18'' - 0 . 5

3lb / 4lb gun - per gun 6'' - 1 . 5 12'' - 1 21'' - 0 . 56lb / 7lb / 8lb gun - per gun 6'' - 2 15'' - 1 24'' - 0 . 5

10lb / 12lb gun - per gun 7'' - 2 . 5 15'' - 1 . 5 30'' - 1

18lb / 24lb gun - per gun 8'' - 3 18'' - 1 . 5 30'' - 1

30lb gun - per gun 9'' - 3 . 5 18'' - 1 . 5 30'' - 1

Firing factor's :Target formed up in skirmish line .

Target enfiladed or in column of route.

Target in square or diagonal / oblique fire.

Target in or behind hard cover .

Target in or behind soft cover , i.e. in a woodMusket fire at Cavalry.

Artillery fire at Cavalry.

Infantry advancing and firing .

Firer shaken , unformed , retired this bound or retreated last bound .

Infantry firing first volley of the game, ( each group of 3 figures ).

Russian , Spanish , French Infantry firing .Firing unit routed last bound .

Target is Russian , Spanish or French Infantry ..

Deduct 2

Add 2

Add 1

Deduct 2Deduct 1

Add 2

Add 1

Deduct 1

Deduct 1

Add 2

Deduct 1

Deduct 2

Add 1

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Morale

Morale check's are carried out for the following reason's . Having taken casualties during a

melee , casualties from Artillery or musket fire , if a friendly routing unit passes through

another unit's rank's - unless either are Light Infantry or if when formed up in line the unit is

in base to base contact with the next unit which rout's , if a unit that follows up a routing unitand goes off table , it will need to take a morale check to return .

Morale checks are carried out at Battalion level for Infantry , Regimental level for Cavalry

and battery level for Artillery .

Any morale check on an Infantry Battalion will also affect the Battalion gun's . This rule also

applies to the Regimental gun's with Russian Dragoon and Grenadier-a-Cheval Regiment's .

To check the present morale status of a unit you add or subtract the morale factor's to the

relevant troop morale factor below . The resulting score is the present morale status . Role a

six sided die and consult the morale result's chart , the bold type refers to the die roll .

Unit morale factor's :

Irregular

troop's

i.e. Cossacks

Jagers

Conscripts

Artillery , Cavalry ,

Musketeer's, Fusiliers

Grenadier's Guard's

3 4 5 6 7

Morale factor's :General with unit - base to base contact

Unit in hard coverGeneral within 3''

British, Dutch or Swedish troop's , Swiss troop's , Irish in French service ,

Hanoverian troop's

Each casualty taken by a unit during game . Each bound Cavalry are in

continuous melee

Battalion , Regiment shaken or retired this bound / Infantry rank's broken

through by Cavalry

Being attacked in the flank or rear

Unit retreated this bound .

Unit routed this bound in response to a charge

Unit routed last bound

Add2

Add2

Add1

Add 1

Deduct1

Deduct1

Deduct3

Deduct2

Deduct3

Deduct 2

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Morale results5 or more point's under the morale status :

Cavalry in melee follow up routing , retreating or retiring unit's for one bound .

Infantry in melee follow up routing or retreating Infantry for half a bound , unless in square .

Artillery man gun's . Otherwise obey order's .

4 points under the morale status :

Cavalry in melee follow up routing or retreating unit's for one bound .

Infantry in melee follow up routing Infantry for half a bound , ( unless in square ) .


3 point's under morale status :

Cavalry in melee follow up routing unit's for one bound . Infantry in melee follow up routing

Infantry for half a bound .


Equal or 1 or 2 point's under morale status :

Obey order's .

1 point over morale status :

Shaken , will not initiate a charge , halt for half a bound to dress rank's .

Artillery battery that is limbered up will unlimber to fire . If unlimbered will hold unless in

melee will then abandon guns .

2 point's over morale status :

Shaken , will not initiate a charge , Infantry in melee will recoil 3'' , if followed up willretire .

Infantry in square against Cavalry will hold .

Cavalry will retire for one bound . Artillery battery unlimbered will hold present position .

Artillery limbered up will unlimber to fire . Artillery in melee will abandon gun's .


Shaken , will not initiate a charge , halt for one bound to dress rank's .

Infantry in melee will retire , if followed up and casualties received will become a retreat .

Infantry in square against Cavalry will hold .

Cavalry will retire for one bound .

Artillery unlimbered will hold present position for the rest of the game unless it has areaction to retire , retreat or rout .

Artillery limbered up will retire for one bound and unlimber - will not advance any further

for the rest of the game .

Artillery in melee will abandon gun's for two bound's .


Retire for one bound at line pace , if followed up and casualties received will become a

retreat . Infantry in square against Cavalry hold .

Artillery unlimbered or limbered up will limber up and retire for one bound and not advance

for the rest of the game . Artillery in melee will abandon gun's .

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Retreat at line pace for one bound , if retreat is followed up the retreat becomes a route .

Infantry in square against Cavalry can be broken through , Cavalry can role for the break

through .

If successful square will break and rout for one bound .

Artillery retreat for one bound whether unlimbered or limbered up , If battery is attacked orfired upon whilst retreating it will become a rout .

6 points over morale status :Route for one bound at column of rout pace , Artillery will abandon gun's for the rest of the

game . Unit will take two bounds to reform .

More than 6 points over morale status :For each point the die roll exceeds 6 point's over the morale status the unit will rout one

extra bound . I.e. a unit has a morale status of minus one . A die roll is six . This is one point

above six and so the unit will route two bounds .

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Addenda

History

Between 1690 and 1739 there were a number of wars that were either Dynastic or had areligious basis to

them .

The Ottomans fought minor wars with Austria and Russia and also the European nations

against each . In 1690 the War of the Grande Alliance with major powers in Europe against

France . In 1700 the century started with the Great Northern war fought Between Russia ,

Poland , Saxony , Denmark and later Prussia against Sweden who was fighting for

supremacy around the Baltic .

Other wars followed , in 1701 the War of Spanish Succession started which was to last until

1714 . This war was the making of Marlborough and the British soldier's reputation as being

robust on the Battlefield . Other wars were the Swedish Polish War , Russo - SwedishWar , War of the quadruple Alliance , the War of Polish Succession and in 1739 the War of

Jenkins ear .

During this period there was minor progress in the art of warfare . But the Musket was the

main weapon that was to remain the chief weapon for Infantry with some changes that

would help change the Infantry power of self defence and improve fire power . The bayonet

was to be changed from the plug to the socket attachment . Also the wooden ram rods which

broke easily where to be made out of iron .

These wars set the stage ready for the later half of the Century where Prussia was to take the

centre stage as a major European nation . Until then these numerous wars plus those fought

by Russia and Austria against the Ottoman empire were to put a burden on every nation ,materially and financially .

During this period France and Britain also pursued interests abroad in other continents

which brought them into conflict but these tended to be minor engagements compared to

those staged in Europe.

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Tactic's of the periodTactics of the period covered by these rules tended to be slow and ponderous as armies did

not march in step. The benefit of marching in step was to be discovered later on into thecentury .

Armies would manoeuvre onto the battlefield in column of route and deploy for battle in

line which could be either three , four or even five ranks deep . The number of ranks were

gradually reduced when it was demonstrated how efficient the three ranks system was when

vollies were fire

Once deployed for battle battalions would advance on their objective at a slow and

ponderous pace to ensure that the ranks remained closed up , also marching in step had not

been employed yet . Where gaps appeared they would be closed as quickly as possible with

the cohersion of the Officers and Sergents .

Infantry were considered to be the takers and holders of ground . The Infantrymen were

drilled to fire five rounds per minute . In battle this proved difficult after the initial volley

for several reasons . The musket barrel getting too hot , the priming pan getting clogged

with carbon from the gun powder , ram rods breaking ram rods were made of wood during

this period , breakages i.e. the trigger mechanism , flints breaking , etc.

The Infantry marched literally shoulder to shoulder at about 65 paces a minute . A similar

pace to the modern slow march , in line .

Column during this period was not used because armies wanted to use the maximum fire

power that could be employed when in line , also to avoid the devastating effects of volley

fire against column .

Line during this period was three ranks for the British , Dutch , Hanoverians and Swedes .The Russians and French employed the five rank formation at the start of the century but

gradually reduced the depth .

The transition from five to three ranks was carried out at the discretion of the Colonel in

some armies , i.e. France .

Battalions would march to within 200 100 yards and then fire a number of volleys before

charging . If Infantry were charged by Cavalry they would ideally stand and fire or if time

permitted form square but at times the Infantry men would lay down so the Cavalry would

run over them . Grenadiers were the assault troops of this period . They were armed with the

musket as other Infantryman , plus a satchel of grenades and an axe . Some Armies

withdrew Grenadier company's from the mother Battalion and formed into ad hoc Grenadier

Battalions , usually of about 400 men and then return to the mother battalion after the battle.

Cavalry would form up in line three ranks deep almost boot to boot . When advancing they

stopped every so often to dress their ranks to ensure that the squadron was in good order .

The initial pace was at the trot , this would build up to a canter as they closed to the enemy ,

In the last 100 yards the cavalry would gallop at the enemy .

The Austrian cavalry would fire a volley with their pistols as they rode in . This reduced the

impact effect of a full charge , plus it proved difficult to put the pistol away and then charge

in with the sword .

Cavalry melee's tended to be short, especially if it was light or irregular cavalry .

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Artillery fire was slow and not very accurate out side canister range . Artillerist's would fire

without running the gun up or even fire without aiming the shot . Loading required the

powder to be shovelled into the barrel then the round loaded . Canister was at times

improvised i.e. stones and broken glass was used in place of cannon balls . During this

period all Battalions had Battalion guns . These were mostly one to three pounders which

were pulled along by Infantry tasked to help the gunners / artillerists . Because of the weightof the field guns mobility was restricted and once set up field guns were not moved but fired

from the same position through out the battle .

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Battles of the War of the Grande Alliance 1690 - 1693

and Great Northern War 1700 - 1721

War of the Grande Alliance ( War of the League of Augsburg ) : 1690 1693

Fleurus : 1st July , 1690 :Steenkirk: 3rd August 1692 :

Landen : 28th july 1693 :

Marsaglia: 4th October 1693 :

Great Northern War : 1700 1721 : Poland , Russia , Denmark v SwedenNarva :20th November 1700 : Russia 50,000 Sweden 8,000 victors

Dvina :6th June 1701: Sweden ,victors Saxony

Rappin :5th September 1701: Russia ,vistors Sweden

Rauge :5th September 1701: Sweden , victors Russia

Erestfer :30th December 1701 : Russia , victors Sweden

Kliszow :7th July 1702 : Sweden , victors SaxonyHummelshof :19th July 1702 : Russia , victors Sweden

Saladen :19th March 1703 : Sweden , victors Russia

Pultusk :21st April 1703 : Sweden , victors Saxony

Systerback : 9th July 1703 : Sweden , victors Russia

Jakobstadt :26th July 1703 : Sweden , victors Russia

Punitz : 1704 : Sweden , victors Saxony

Warszawa :21st July 1705 : Sweden , victors Saxony

Gemauerthof :16th July 1705 : Sweden , victors Russia

Fraustadt :3rd February 1706 : Sweden , victors Saxony

Kalisz :19th October 1706 : Sweden , victors Saxony

Wesenberg :1708 : Sweden , victors RussiaHolowszyn :4th July 1708 : Sweden , victors Russia

Malatitze :30th August 1708 : Sweden , victors Russia

Rajowka :10th September 1708 : Sweden , victors Russia

Liesna :29th September 1708 : Russia , victors Sweden

Kolkanpaa :November 1708 : Sweden , victors Russia

Stralsund :Prussia , Russia , Denmark Sweden

Pultava :29th June 1709 : Sweden 17,000 Russia 80,000 victors

Halsingborg : 28th February 1710 : Sweden , victors Denmark

Gadebusch :9th December 1712 : Sweden , victors Denmark / Saxony

Palkaue :6th October 1713 : Russia , victors Sweden

Storkyro :19th February 1714 : Russia , victors Sweden

Stresow :4th November 1715 : Denmark / Saxony / Prussia , victors Sweden

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Battles of the War's of Spanish Succession , Quadruple alliance and

Polish Succession

War Of Spanish Succesion : 1701-14 : Britain , Nederlands , Hanover , Austria v Spain

, France ,

Blenheim :13th August 1704 :Anglo Allies 52,000 victors French 56,000Turin :7th September 1706 : Allies 35,000 victors French 17,000

Ramillies :23rd May 1706 : Anglo Allies 62,000 victors French 60,000

Almanza :25th April 1707 : Allies 15,000 French 30,000 victors

Oudenarde ,11th July 1708 : Anglo Allies 80,000 French 85,000 victors

Malplaquet ,11th September 1709 : Anglo allies 110,000 French 80,000 victors

Denain : 24th July 1712 : French 24,000 victors Allies 10,500

War of Quadruple Alliance : 1718 : England , Netherland's , France , German Empire

v Spain

War of Polish Succession : 1733 - 1738 :

Parma :29th June 1734 : Austira Franco Piedmontist 6237

War of Jenkins Ear : 1739

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Bibliography

Dictionary of Battles :............................................................................Hutchinson

Guide to the Battles of Europe :.........................Peter Chandler :.........Wordworth

Dictionary of Military Biography :.......................................................Wordsworth

Eighteenth Century Europe , 1700- 1789 :.......Jeremy Beach :............Macmill

Famous British Battles :..................................Geofffrey Regan :........Michael O'Mara book's

Great Battles of the British army :...................David Chandler :...........Bramley book's

Art of warfare in the age of Marlborough :.....David Chandler :...........London

History of Warfare :.........................................H. W. Koch :.................W. H. Smith

Firer power , weapon effectiveness

effectiveness on the battlefield :.....................Major General B.P. Hughes.....Arms and

Armour

Tricorn 1690

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