Tribes of Maharashtra
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Transcript of Tribes of Maharashtra
Rajagopal Devara , Secretary , Tribal Development Department , Maharashtra State , INDIA
Tribes of Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Odisha
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Andhra Pradesh
West Bengal
Karnataka
Assam
Meghalaya
Rest
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
14.7%
10.1%
9.2%
8.9%
8.6 %
8.3%
7.5 %
5.7 %
5.1 %
4.1 %
3.7 %
2.5 %
11.6 %
INDIA-Scheduled Tribe Population Distribution (%)
India : Schedules Tribe (Indigenous) Population Distribution
Tribal Demographics of Maharashtra
Maharashtra accounts for 10.06 % of the Scheduled Tribe population of India
47 Tribes including 3 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG)
Maharashtra State, Second largest Tribal Population in the country
ST Population (%)
Districts
5 and below 165.1 to 10 710.1 to 20 520.1 and above
7
ST Population (%)
Districts
5 and below 165.1 to 10 710.1 to 20 520.1 and above
7
Key Features of Tribal Area
In Maharashtra State, tribals mainly reside in the forest ranges of Sahyadri, Satpura and Gondwana.
Deep ravines and thick jungles have added to the hardships of the tribal life. But hardships have made tribes of Maharashtra tough, enduring and independent in nature.
Naturally they are exposed to the fury of nature, heavy showers in the rainy season, cold winds in winter and scorching heat in summer.
Continuous contact with the nature is the redeeming feature of the otherwise hard life of a tribal.
Dhodia tribe at work
Kokana tribe woman working
Major Tribes in Maharashtra
Name of Tribe Population in MN
Population %
Bhil 2.58 25.04
Gond/Rajgond 1.61 15.65
Koli Mahadev 1.45 14.12
Warli 0.79 7.70
Kokana 0.68 6.65
Thakur 0.56 5.49
Andh 0.47 4.59
Other Tribes 2.14 20.75
Total 10.33 100.00
Source: Census of India 2011
Bhil Tribal Family
Warli Tribal Woman
In India there are – 75 PvTGs In Maharashtra – 3 PVTGs
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG)
Characterization of Tribal groups as PTGs is based on
Pre-agricultural level of technology Low Level of Literacy Stagnant or diminishing population
Katkari - Thane & Raigad Districts
Madia Gond - Gadchiroli District
Kolams - Yavatmal District
Malnutrition in STs, comparison with general
Male Female Total0
102030405060708090
10088.4
75.982.3
74.3
5765.7
General ST
Literacy Rate
Perc
enta
ge
Literacy rate of STs in comparison with general pubic
Source :(RSOC 2015)
Literacy & Health Status of Tribals in Maharashtra
Stunting ( Ht for age below 2SD)
Wasting (Wt for ht -2 SD)
Underweight (Wt for age -2 SD)
05
1015202530354045
34.5
16.921.3
38.7
21.9
32.3
For State For ST
Tribal Economy in India : Livelihood from Agriculture
Traditionally the Indian economy is forest and agriculture based
Traditional agriculture was initiated since Indian civilization, when tribal communities learned knowledge of agriculture from Rushi or sage lived in forest areas by constructing their shelters known as Ashram.
The economy of most tribes is based on agriculture produce, collection of minor forest produce from forest and hunting of birds/ wild animals
In Maharashtra, nearly 85 percent of the tribal population is engaged in Agriculture
Out of this 40 Percent are farmers and 45 Percent are agricultural labourers
Small and uneconomical landholdings because of which their crop yield is less
Lands are invariably located in climatic risk-prone regions making agricultural production systems even more vulnerable and unstable
Most of these communities inhabit fringe forest settlements and degraded lands which have low productivity and high vulnerability to erosion.
Climate Challenges : Climatically challenged tribal hamlets are witnessing increasingly erratic rainfall, heat waves and other climatic risks
Tribal Agriculture : Challenges
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India, enacted the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, also known as the Forest Rights Act (FRA) :
The way to recognize the rights of tribal people, especially forest dwellers, over ancestral land and secure their right to earn a livelihood from forests
This Act is crucial to the rights of millions of tribalsTo address the issues of Conservation and management of the
Natural Resources and conservation governance of India. To address the livelihood security of the people, leading to poverty
alleviation and pro poor growth
To empower and strengthen the local self governance
We perceive this Act as a potential tool
Forest Rights Act (FRA)
Forest Rights Act (FRA)
Individual Forest Rights
Community Forest Rights
Forest Rights Act (FRA) : Implementation
Process Initatipon by Village Level committee
Record verification by Sub Divisional Level Committee in District
Final Claim approval by Ditrict level committee
Forest Rights Act (FRA) : Implementation Challenges
Multi Department Synchronization
Harmonization
Life & Culture of Tribes in Maharashtra
Nature Worship by Kolam tribe
Tribal woman in traditional costumes and Jewellery
Bhil Woman in Kitchen
Life & Culture of Tribes in Maharashtra
Koli Mahadev Couple engaged in agriculture
Kolami Traditional DanceMarriage Ceremony of Kolam
Tribal Arts - Maharashtra
Warli Painting Wood Carving
Bamboo work• Wood is the single largest material
available and used by the tribals in their daily life.
• The wooden articles of daily use include agricultural implements, huts, idols of gods masks & ther utility articles made of wood
Chandradev (Moongod)
Combs are carved out by the men for their women.
Their traditional knowledge about bamboo-work includes, cutting a bamboo without damaging the roots of bamboo cluster , making baskets and doors from green bamboo without using a single nail or hinges, purely from bamboo material.
• Warli painting is a tribal art mostly done by Adivasi (TRIBAL )from North Sahyadri Range, Maharashtra in India
• The painting is done on an austere mud base using one color, white, with occasional dots in red and yellow.
Future Challenges
Parameter 1992 2014 2023 (Projection)
Population (MN) 7.3 10.5 12.3
Budget outlay in USD (MN) 32.27 727.27 1068.64
Key Constraint Funds Capacity Expectations
Outcomes
Focus S S+D S+D+A
S- Survival, D- Development, A- aspirational
Key Challenges of Tribal Area
Survival
Limited livelihood opportunities• Dwindling forest
resources• Displacement
Over exploitation• Timber plantation• Bamboo for paper
millsChronic health issues• Malnutrition• Genetic disorders
– Sickle cell anaemia, Thalassemia
Conflicts
Identity• Pseudo
tribalism
Governance• Naxalism• Irrigation
projects• National Parks
and Wild life sanctuaries
Developmental Deficits
Human Resource• Education,
Health, Employment
Infrastructure• Communication,
Electricity, Water
Institutions• Financial, Social
Aspirational
Preserving Cultural Heritage• Tribal Dances and
Art forms• Documentation of
traditional values and structuresParticipation in all
walks of life• Government,
Business, Professional
Inadequate alternate vocational skills• Attitude• Opportunities
Thank you….
Tribals of MaharashtraChildren of Nature , People of God
Bonded by Tribal Values,Guided by Nature,Governed by God,