Tribal Perspectives on Biological Indicators
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Transcript of Tribal Perspectives on Biological Indicators
Tribal Perspectives on Biological Indicators
Charlie Lippert, Air Quality TechnicianMille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
National Tribal ForumLas Vegas, NV June 3–5, 2008
Our Relationship andOur Understanding
Environmental quality changes and climate changes alter our relationship with and understanding of the life around us that we use to define– our culture,– our homeland and homes, – our foods and medicines, and– ourselves
DefinitionBiological Indicators (Bioindicators)• species or chemicals used to monitor the health of an
environment or ecosystem through observing their function, population, or status to determine ecosystem or environmental integrity, and monitored for changes (chemical, physiological, or behavioral) that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem.
Primary Indicator• species used as an indicator that directly exhibit chemical,
physiological, or behavioral changes due to direct changes in health of an environment or ecosystem
Secondary Indicator• Similar to “Primary Indicator” but have indirect
relationship
Gidizhitwaawiminaan(Our Culture)
Change in our understanding of self– Zagaakwaandagowininiwag
(Men of the Thick/Dense Brush) = Bois Forte Band of Chippewaidentity linked to homeland but woodlands are becoming prairie
Change in our understanding of seasons– Iskigamizige-giizis
(Sapsugar-making Moon) = Aprilsap-flow times changing; seasonal activities now must adjust
Change in our understanding of geography– Oshkibagi-ziibi
(New Leaf-growth River) = Minnesota Rivertoponym land function; toponyms must now change
Gidakiiminaan(Our Homeland)
Gichigamiing, Mitigwaakiing ashi Omashkodeng (Coastal, Woodlands and Plains)
Anishinaabeg have transitioned from Coastal to Woodlands and Plains due to:√ Niizhwaaswayagaan mishkodeni-niigaanaajimowinan (Seven Fires Prophecy)
√ Bagamaadiziwin (the Arrival)
√ Wezhibii’igaazowinikaang (Treaty Area)
? Shift in Daawakiing (Ecological zone)
Ecological zones defined by
a’aw akiing (terrestrials)– gitigaanan – binesiwag/bineshiinyag (plants) (birds)
– manidoons – awesiinyag (bugs/insects) (animals)
a’aw nibiing (aquatics)– ataagibiin/washkoon – zhiibshiibag (aquatic plants/reeds) (waterfowls)
– manidoosh – giigoonyag (bugs/insects) (fishes)
Endaayang (Our home)
wiigwaasaatig (birch)
– mide-wiigwaasabakoog (sacred birchscrolls)
giizhikaandag (white cedar)
– nookwezigan (smudge)
zhingwaakwaatig (pine)
– mitigoon (lumber)
ininaatig (red maple)
– ziinzibaakwad (sugar)
emikwaanaatig (ash)
– aabajichiganan (utensils)
Miijiman gaye Mashkikiiwan(Foods and Medicines)
odoonibiig (tullibee)
– ↑temperature, ↓tullibee
ogaawag (walleye pike/pickerel)
– ↑organophosphorus insecticide spray drifts, ↓larval walleye growth
moozoog (moose)
– ↑temperature, ↑pests, ↓moose
Miijiman gaye Mashkikiiwan(Foods and Medicines)
waakonishag (lichens)
– ↑SOX and ↑PM2.5 in the air, ↓lichens as medicine
mashkodiisiminibagoon (bean leaves)
– leaves susceptible to O3 and NOX damage
↑ injured bean plants, ↓ bean nutritive quality/yield
maniwegoonsan (bristly buttercup)
– thrives in mild NH4+ enriched atmosphere
↑ growth along roads
↓ medicinal use due to herbicide applications
Mino-ayaawin (Health)
Ultimately, we ourselves are also biological indicators, aakoziwin (disease) can manifest– E-giishkanaamoshkaawaad (COPD)
Asthma and other breathing difficulties from SOX, NOX, PM2.5 and O3 in the air
– Miskwiwaaboo-niisaakonaan (blood chemistry)
Changes in food/medicine chemistry and atmospheric chemistry affects our blood chemistry and our body function
ConcludingThoughts
Man did not weave the web of life – he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself.– Chief Seattle, 1854
Miigwech. Mii sa go i’iw. (Thank you. That is all for now.)
Sample ReferencesBooks• Carson, Rachel (1962). Silent Spring. ISBN 0-618-24906-0• Farr, Daniel (2002). “Indicator Species”, in Encyclopedia of
Environmetrics. ISBN 978-0-471-89997-6• Lagler, Richard B. (editor)(1998). Recognition of Air Pollution Injury to
Vegetation: A Pictorial Atlas. ISBN 0-923204-14-8• Shrivastava, Rahul (2007). “Indicator Species”, in Encyclopedia of
Environment and Society. ISBN 1412927617
Websites• http://biomarkers.pnl.gov/• http://www.biobasics.gc.ca/english/View.asp?x=740
Journals and Journal articles:• Environmental Bioindicators – An Official Journal of the International
Society of Environmental Bioindicators. ISSN 1555-5275 (print), 1555-5267 (online)
• Noss, Reed (1990). “Indicators for monitoring biodiversity. A hierachical approach”, Conservation Biology 4: 355-364
Phone: 320-532-4704 / 800-709-6445 ext. 4704Home: 320-629-2126 / 651-271-4391e-mail: [email protected] Fax: 320-532-7514
MILLE LACS BAND OF OJIBWE INDIANS
Executive Branch of Tribal Government
CHARLES JIRÔ LIPPERTAir Quality Technician
Department of Natural Resources and Environment
43408 Oodena Drive
Onamia, MN 56359-2236