Trials of the “Greatest Generation:” The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
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Transcript of Trials of the “Greatest Generation:” The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
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Trials of the “Greatest Generation:” The Great Depression and World War
II (1929-1945)
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Onset of the Great Depression
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Major Features of Depression
• Unemployment rate as high as 25% (which does not even count underemployment)
• Bank failures in the thousands with deposits lost
• Wave of home foreclosures• Dust Bowl devastating Southern Plains states• Massive transient population, including hobos
and “Okies”
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A Nation Coming Apart at the Seams
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Bonus Army March - 1932
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Election of 1932 Herbert Hoover vs. Franklin Roosevelt
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The New Deal
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Dimensions/Goals of New Deal
• Relief: Most immediate, short-term goal; attend to basic needs of public such as food and shelter; least controversial, but many Americans were initially reluctant to accept charity
• Recovery: Moderate-term goal of bringing the economy out of a depression; entailed Keynesian policies of using government spending to stimulate economic growth; included many public works programs to employ Americans; downside is that it requires running budget deficits and relying upon government bureaucracy that may not be as efficient as private sector
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Dimensions/Goals of New Deal (continued)
• Reform: Longest-term goal of making structural changes to U.S. economy to prevent future depressions; most controversial because it more permanently places government in the business of managing the economy
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Civilian Conservation Corps
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Works Progress Administration
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Social Security Act
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New Deal Setbacks/Limitations
• Gender differential in pay• Much segregation in New Deal programs• Certain amount of “goldbricking” or “shovel-
leaning”• Conservative Supreme Court justices struck
down several FDR initiatives
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FDR’s “Court Packing” Plan - 1937
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Consequences of New Deal
• Brought the U.S. economy out of the worst depths of the Great Depression, but did NOT by itself produce a recovery.
• Helped shift the focus of the American public onto the executive branch as the driving force in the government.
• Solidified the notion that the federal government should provide some degree of a safety net for its citizens.
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Rise of Fascism
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Japanese Empire
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Nazi Domination of Europe
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Pearl Harbor Attack – 12/7/41
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Allied “Big Three” Leaders
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Race War vs. Conflict of Ideologies
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U.S. War Effort in Europe
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Dwight Eisenhower
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Invasion of Normandy
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Collapse of Nazi Germany
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U.S. War Effort in the Pacific
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Battle of Midway
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Fall of Iwo Jima
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Use of Atomic Bomb
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Surrender of Japan
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Homefront
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End of World War II
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Recommended Primary Sources for Papers & Other Assignments
• The 25 Points by National Socialist Party (1920)
• First Inaugural Address by FDR (Mar ‘33)• “Share Our Wealth” Plan by Huey Long (1934)• “Blood, Toil, Tear and Sweat” speech by
Winston Churchill (1940)• Arsenal of Democracy speech by FDR (Dec ‘41)• Four Freedoms speech by FDR (Jan ‘41)