Trial P2 2016 Set2

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Trial Penggal 2 STPM 2016 Biology Set II Section A. Answer all questions. 1. The graph above shows the oxygen dissociation curves for two values of pH. Which statement about the curve is true? A The increase in pH is due to vigorous activities. B The increase in pH causes the curve to shift to the right. C The percentage of oxygen-saturated haemoglobin decreases when pH increases. D The shifting of the curve to the right is due to an increase in concentration of blood carbon dioxide. 2. What is the volume of air that can be forced out following the deepest possible inspiration? A tidal volume B vital capacity C residual volume D expiratory reserve volume 1

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Transcript of Trial P2 2016 Set2

Page 1: Trial P2 2016 Set2

Trial Penggal 2 STPM 2016 Biology Set II

Section A. Answer all questions.

1.

The graph above shows the oxygen dissociation curves for two values of pH. Which statement about the curve is true?

A The increase in pH is due to vigorous activities.B The increase in pH causes the curve to shift to the right.C The percentage of oxygen-saturated haemoglobin decreases when pH

increases.D The shifting of the curve to the right is due to an increase in concentration of

blood carbon dioxide.

2. What is the volume of air that can be forced out following the deepest possible inspiration?

A tidal volumeB vital capacityC residual volumeD expiratory reserve volume

3. Which one of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?A To assist in the clotting mechanism of the bloodB To return tissue fluid to the bloodstreamC To transport dissolved food molecules to all cells of the bodyD To transport hormones from endocrine glands to their target organs

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4. Which hypothesis of translocation in phloem assumes that energy required for translocation is obtained from a potential difference across a sieve plate?

A. Cytoplasmic streamingB. Cohesion-tension hypothesisC. Electro-osmosis hypothesisD. Peristaltic wave hypothesis

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6. Which of the following correctly explains the distribution of ions on either side of the membrane of an axon in its resting state? A A high concentration of organic anions outside and a low concentration of K+ ions

inside.B A high concentration of organic anions inside and a low concentration of Na+ ions

outside.C A high concentration of K+ ions and organic anions outside and a high concentration of

Na+ ions inside.D A high concentration of Na+ outside and a high concentration of K+ ions and organic

anions inside.

7. Where are the receptor sites for neurotransmitters situated? A nodes of Ranvier

B presynaptic membraneC postsynaptic membrane

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D membrane of the synaptic vesicles

8. Which of the following events triggers parturition?

A. Progesterone level drops below the oestrogen level B. Oestrogen level drops below the progesterone level.C. Oxytocin level increases.D. Prostaglandin level increases.

9. The advantages of complete metamorphosis are

I. A larval stage that is specialised for feeding and growthII. An adult stage that is specialised for dispersal and reproductionIII. A pupal stage that ceases development and becomes dormant in

adverse environmentIV. Adult and larval stages do not compete for food.

A. I and IIB. III and IVC. I, II and IIID. I, II and IV

11. The vertebrate liver carries out all of the following functions except

A. secretion of bileB. metabolism of amino acidsC. removal of urea from the bloodD. regulation of blood glucose level

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10.

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12. What do W,X and Y represent in the following simplified flow chart of the humoral response?

13. Which of the following are true of B cells?

I. It forms immunity through the humoral response.II. It forms immunity through the cell mediated mechanismIII. It is produced and achieves maturity in the bone marrowiV. It is produced in the bone marrow and it attains maturity in the thymus gland.

A. I and IIIB. II and IIIC. II and IVD. III and IV

14. Which of the following are found in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

I. DNAII.RNAIII. DNA ligaseIV. Reverse transcriptase

A. I and IIB. I and IIIC. II and IIID. II and IV

15. Which of the following is the vector for dengue fever?

A. Aedes sp.B. Culex sp.

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C. Anopheles sp.D. Mansonia sp.

Section B. Answer all questions.

16. Mammals have closed, double circulatory systems.

(a) Explain what are meant by the terms closed and double as applied to mammaliancirculatory systems.

closed ..............................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

double ..............................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The following figure shows a longitudinal section through a mammalian heart.

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[2]

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

.

17.

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(c)

(d)

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(c)

Section C. Answer any two questions in this section.

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[1mark]

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18.

19.

20.(a) Explain the principles of homeostasis. [5 marks]

(b) Describe the role of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of blood glucose. [8 marks]

(c) What is an endocrine gland? Give an example of an endocrine gland. [2 marks]

Marking Scheme

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Section A1 D 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 A9 D 10 B 11 C 12 A 13 A 14 D 15 A

Section B

16.(a) closed blood travels, inside blood vessels / AW ;

double blood travels through the heart twice during one, complete circuit / circulationof the body ; AW

(Accept) pulmonary and systemic, systems / circuits [2]

(b) P to right atrium ;Q to (semilunar) pulmonary or aortic valve ;R to, vena cava / pulmonary artery ;S to, septum / wall(s) of ventricles ; [ 2-3 correct 1 m; all 4 correct 2m]

(c)

17. (a) CURVE S - ABSOLUTE GROWTH CURVE (1)

CURVE T - ABSOLUTE GROWTH RATE CURVE (1)(b) S - ACTUAL INCREASE IN SIZE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME (1) T - THE INCREASE IN SIZE PERUNIT TIME (1)

(c) I) - LIMITED GROWTH (OCCURS IN ANNUAL PLANTS) - AS THEY COMPLETE THEIR LIFE CYCLE IN A YEAR - THE GROWTH CURVE IS A SIGMOID CURVE

[any 2]II) - WOODY PLANTS ARE PERENNIAL PLANTS - WHICH DISPLAY UNLIMITED GROWTH (1)

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(d)

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18 (a)

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19.

(A) - THESE TYPES OF PLANTS ARE SHORT DAY PLANTS 1

- THE PLANTS REQUIRE A PERIOD OF DARKNESS EQUAL TO / LONGER THAN 1CRITICAL NIGHT LENGTH- LIGHT / SPOTLIGHT FLASHES FROM VEHICLES INTERRUPT / SHORTEN THE 1PERIOD OF DARKNESS- CAUSES THE CONVERSION OF PR INTO PFR 1- PFR IS THE (BIOLOGICAL) ACTIVE FORM 1- HIGH CONCENTRATION / LEVEL OF PFR INHIBIT FLOWERING IN SDP’S 1

(ANY 5)

MAX = 5(B) - ESTROGEN LEVEL HIGH IN THE END / LAST WEEK OF PREGNANCY 1- STIMULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR IN UTERINE WALL 1//1// INCREASE THE SENSITIVITY OF UTERUS MUSCLE/MYOMETRIUM TOOXYTOCIN 1- BABY’S HEAD / GROWING FETUS PRESS AGAINST THE MOTHER’S CERVIX 1- CAUSING THE CERVIX AND UTERINE WALL TO STRETCH 1- THIS STIMULATES MATERNAL POSTERIOR PITUITARY TO RELEASE OXYTOCIN 1- AND ALSO STIMULATES FETAL PITUITARY GLAND SECRETES ACTH 1- ACTH TRIGGERS FETAL ADRENAL GLAND TO SECRETE CORTICOSTEROIDS 1HORMONE 1- CORTICOSTEROIDS HORMONE TRIGGERS PLACENTA TO SECRETE 1PROSTAGLANDIN - OXYTOCIN ALSO STIMULATES PLACENTA / FETAL TO PRODUCE

1PROSTAGLANDIN - BOTH PROSTAGLANDIN AND OXYTOCIN STIMULATES A POWERFUL 1CONTRACTION OF MYOMETRIUM / UTERUS WALL - THE MORE FREQUENT THE MYOMETRIUM CONTRACTS, THE MORE 1OXYTOCIN/ PROSTAGLANDIN PRODUCED- THE UTERUS CONTRACTION ALSO STIMULATES STRETCH RECEPTORS IN 1THE UTERINE WALL AND THE CERVIX TO TRIGGER FURTHER RELEASE OFOXYTOCIN (ANY 10)- THE CERVIX DILATES / WIDEN, ITS TISSUE SOFTENS AND BECOME MOREFLEXIBLE AND AMNIOTIC BAG BURST- CONTRACTIONS BECOME STRONGER AND STRONGER / MORE FREQUENTHELP TO PUSH BABY DOWN/OUT

MAX = 10

TOTAL= 15

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20(a)

[1 m for each sentence. Max 3; principles: 1 m for each principle. . Total 5 m]

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(b)

One sentence 1 m, max = 4 m

One sentence 1 m, max = 4 m

Total : 8m

(c) An endocrine gland is a gland that lacks ducts and secretes its hormones in small quantities into the blood for transport. - 1

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Example of endocrine gland : pancreas. -1

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