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Bahagian A[60 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan perwakilan atom bagi dua isotope atom klorin

 Diagram 1 shows the standard representation of two isotopes of chlorine atoms 

(i) Berdasarkan Rajah 1 n!atakan maksud isotop. Based on diagram 2, state the meaning of isotope.

[1 markah]

(ii) "entukan bilangan neutron dalam

 Determine the number of neutrons in

#$

  %l &'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1

#

 %l&'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

1

  [ nmarkah]

(iii) *!atakan satu kegunaan klorin dalam kehidupan seharian.

State one of the uses of chlorine in daily life.

  [1 markah]

 (b) X adalah satu bahan yang mempunyai takat lebur 43 ◦C dan takat didih 89 ◦  X is a substance that has melting point of 43 ! and a boiling point of"# !.

  (i)+akarkan gra, suhu melawan masa apabila bahan - dipanaskan daripada #0 % hingga 100%

  S$etch a graph of temperature against time when substance X is heated from 3% ! to1%%

1

Raah 1

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( markah)

(ii)*!atakan keadaan ,i/ik dan susunan /arah bahan - pada suhu&

  State the physical state and the arrangement of the particles of substance X at time&  #0 %&

  ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  0 %

  ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

(markah)

Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala 2nsur.

  "234- dan 5 tidak mewakili s!mbol sebenar unsur itu.  Diagram 2 shows part of the 'eriodic (able of elements.

  (,),*,+, X and do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.

!

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  (a) *!atakan satu iri istimewa bagi unsur 3.

  State one special characteristic of element * .

  '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  (1 markah)

(b) 7edua8dua unsur 2 dan - boleh bertindak balas dengan air.

   Both element ) and X can react with water.

(i) 2nsur !ang manakah 2 atau - !ang menghasilkan larutan bersi,at alkali9

  +hich element ) or X produce al$aline solution-

 

(1 markah)

  (ii)"ulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b)(i)

  +rite the chemical euation for the reaction based on your answer in /b0/i0. 

 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ( markah)

 

() *!atakan unsur !ang manakah tidak reakti, seara kimia. "erangkan jawapan anda.

  State which element is chemically unreactie. plain your answer.

   ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  (#arkah)

(d) 2nsur 4 bertindak balas dengan unsur " untuk membentuk satu sebatian dengan ,ormula 4".

   lement + reacts with element ( to form a compound with a formula +( 4.

  (i)  *!atakan satu si,at ,i/ikal bagi sebatian ini.

  State one physical property of this compound.

  '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

(1 markah)

  (ii)+ukis susunan eletron bagi sebatian 4".

3

Raah !

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   Draw the electron arrangement of the compound +( 4.

 

( markah)

# Rajah #.1 menunjukkan pokok lidah bua!a.

  Diagram 3.1 shows the aloe era plant.

:okok lidah bua!a boleh digunakan sebagai ubat tradisional. loe era plant can be used as a traditional medicine.

(a)(i) *!atakan satu ,ungsi pokok lidah bua!a sebagai ubat tradisional.

  State one function of aloe era as a traditional medicine.

  ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

(1 markah)

 (ii) *amakan satu ubat tradisional !ang dapat merawat angin dalam badan.

 5ame one tradisional medicine that can cure wind in the body.

  ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  (1 markah)

(b) Jadual # menunjukkan dua jenis ubat moden dan ontohn!a.

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Raah 3"1

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  (able 3 shows two types of medicine and their eamples.

 

Jenis ubat

(ype of medicine

%ontoh

 ample

- ;spirin spirin

5 engapa pesakit perlu mengambil hingga habis ubat streptomisin seperti arahan dotor.  +hy must a patient complete all the streptomycin as prescribed by the doctor-

  =========================================.

  =========================================.

  [ markah]

(iii)

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eat

anaskan

alm %il

*inyak sa+it

,

C%n&entrated $%dium hydr%-ide s%luti%n

 .arutan natrium hidr%ksida pekat

/istilled +ate

Air suling

,

$%dium &hl%ri

'atrium kl%rid

(i)*amakan proses bagi pen!ediaan sabun.

   5ame the process bagi penyediaan sabun.

  ========================================

  [1 markah]

(ii)Rajah #.# menunjukkan struktur satu ion sabun.

  Diagram 3.3 shows the structure of one soap ion

 

 *!atakan bahagian ion sabun !ang larut dalam air.

State the part of the soap ion that is soluble in water 

 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 

  [1 markah]

(iii)7otoran bermin!ak pada pakaian tidak dapat ditanggalkan apabila dibersihkan dalam air liat dengan

  menggunakan sabun. "erangkan mengapa.

  (he oily stains on cloth cannot be remoed when wash in hard water by using soap. plain why.

 

==========================================..

==========================================.

==========================================

  [ markah]

Rajah menunjukkan ?ksperimen @ dan @@ dalam pen!ediaan suatu garam.

   Diagram 4 shows periment 7 dan 77 dalam penyediaan suatu garam.

0

.arutan natrium

hidr%ksida

Raah 3"3

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(a) ?ksperimen 1

 periment 1

(i) *!atakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.

  State one obseration in this eperiment ini.

=======================================

  [1 markah]

  (ii)*!atakan nama garam !ang terbentuk.

  State the name of the salt formed.

 

=======================================.

  [1 markah]

(b) ?ksperimen @ diulang dengan menggunakan asid sul,uri !ang berkepekatan sama. Ramalkanisipadu asid sul,uri !ang diperlukan untuk tindak balas dengan semua kalium hidroksa.

Experiment 1 is repeated using sulphuric acid with the same concentration.

Predict the volumeof sulphuric acid that is needed to react with all the potassium hydroide.

=====================================

  [1 markah]

Raah 4

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() Berdasarkan ?ksperimen @@

 Based on periment 77  

(i) *!atakan jenis tindak balas itu.

State the type of the reaction.

=================================.  [1 markah]

(ii) "uliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas itu.

+rite a balanced chemical euation for the reaction.

================================

  [ markah]

(iii) *!atakan nama bagi mendakan -.

State the name of precipitate X.

================================  [1 markah]

 

(Ai) itungkan bilangan mol natrium sul,at !ang terdapat dalam larutan

  !alculate the number of mole of sodium sulphate in the solution.

  [1 markah]

(iA) itungkan jisim mendakan - !ang terbentuk.

[Jisim atom relatiAe& C 016D

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  Raah #

(a)*amakan siri homolog untuk propena.

   5ame the homologous series of propene.

==========================================

  [1 markah]

(b 0  *!atakan satu keadaan !ang diperlukan untuk tindak balas penghidratan.

  State one condition that is needed in hydration reaction.

   ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''  61

markah7

():ropena dibakar lengkap dalam udara untuk menghasilkan bahan < dan gas "

   'ropene is burnt completely in air to produce substance S and gas ( 

  (i)"uliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindakbalas.

  +rite the chemical euation for the reaction.

 

==========================================

  [1 markah]

(ii)*!atakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti gas ".

  State a chemical test to identify gas (.

  ========================================.

  ========================================..

  [ markah]

(iii):embakaran propena lebih berjelaga daripada pembakaran propane. "erangkan  ( Jisim atom relati,& %1 D 1)

9

Bahan $ubstan&e

Bahan $ubstan&e

r%penaC30Propena

Bahan $ dan gas : Bahan R

r%ses 22Proses

embakaranCombustion

r%ses1 ProcessenghidratanHydration

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   Burning of propene produces more soot compared to burning of propane. plain.

  ( RelatiAe atom mass& %1 D 1) 

[ marks]

(d)*amakan bahan kimia lain !ang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan larutan kalium mangganat (3@@)

 berasid dalam proses @.

 5ame another chemical that can be used to replace acidified potassium manganite /*770 solution in

 'roses 7.

 

====================================..........................

  [1 markah ]

(e)Berdasarkan :roses @@

   Based on 'rocess 77,

  (i) "ulis ,ormula kimia bahan R.

  +rite the chemical formula of substance 9.

 

==========================================

  [1 markah]

(ii)*!atakan iri keistimewaan bahan R.

  State the special characteristic substance 9.

==========================================  [1 markah]

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Eata seperti di bawah diperoleh.

(he following data was obtained 

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(ii)itung haba peneutralan dalam eksperiment ini.  !alculate the heat of neutrali@ation in the eperiment.

 

[# markah]

(iii)+ukis gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindakbalas ini.

  Draw the energy leel diagram for the reaction.

  [ markah]

  (d)Berdasarkan eksperimen ini apakah !ang dimaksudkan haba peneutralan9

   Based on the eperiment, what is meant by the heat of neutrali@ation-

  ================================= =========

  [1 markah]

  (e)>urid itu mengulangi eksperimen dengan menggantikan asid hidroklorik dengan asid etanoik.

7eadaan !ang lain tetap sama.

   'upil repeats the eperiment by replacing hydro$loric acid with ethanoic acid. ll the other conditions

remain unchanged.

  (i)Ramal nilai haba peneutralan.   'redict the alue of the heat of neutrali@ation.

1!

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  =========================================.

  [1 markah]

  (ii)"erangkan.   plain.

  . ========================================.

  ========================================.

 

========================================.

  ========================================.

  [ markah]

Bahagian B

[0 markah]

.Rajah 1 menunjukkan s!mbol kimia !ang mewakili tiga unsur iaitu unsur - unsur 5 dan unsur G.

   Diagram 1shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements, X, and E.

(a)(i) "uliskan susunan eletron bagi atom - dan atom 5.

  +rite the electron arrangement of atoms X and .

  [ markah]

  (ii)*!atakan bilangan neutron dalam atom bagi unsur G dan dan tuliskan s!mbol bagi satu isotope

  unsur G dengan menggunakan s!mbol sebenar bagi unsur G.

  State the number of neutrons in an atom of element E and write the symbol for an isotope of element 

  E using the actual symbol for element E.  [ markah]

(b)"indak balas antara atom - dan atom 5 membentuk sebatian ion manakala tinda balas antara atom 5

  dan G membentuk sebatian koAalen.

  Berdasarkan pern!ataan di atas jelaskan bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian koAalen terbentuk.

  (he reaction between atoms of X and forms an ionic compound whereas the reaction between atoms of  

  and E forms a coalent compound.

  Based on the aboe statement, eplain how these ionic and coalent compounds are formed.

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  [ marks]

()

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(a)Berdasarkan maklumat !ang diberikan jawab soalan8soalan berikut.

   Based on the information gien, answer the following uestions.

  (i)"akri,kan kadar tindak balas.

   Define the rate of a reaction.

  81 mar$ah>

(ii)"uliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi penguraian h!drogen peroksida.

  +rite a balamce chemical euation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroide.  [ markah]

(iii)itung isipadu gas oksigen !ang terhasil dalam ?ksperimen 1 pada keadaan bilik.

  [@sipadu molar gasF dm# mol81 pada keadaan bilik]  !alculate the olume of oygen gas produced in periment 1 at room condition.

  8Folar olueme of gasA dm3 mol 61 at room condition>

  [# markah]

(b)Bandingkan kadar tindak balas di dalam eksperimen @ dengan eksperimen @@.

  "erangkan jawapan anda berdasarkan teori perlanggaran.

  !ompare the rate of the reaction in eperiment 7 with that in eperiment 77.

  plain your answer based on the collision theory.  [ markah]

()?ksperimen @@ diulangi dengan menambah mangkin.

   periment 77 is repeated by adding a catalyst.

 

(i) *amakan mangkin !ang sesuai digunakan.

   5ame a suitable catalyst used.

[1 markah]

1#

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(ii) adalah

  kurang reakti, daripada h!drogen.

   Diagram # shows the set6up of the apparatus to determine the empirical formula of oide of metal F.

  Fetal F is less reactie than hydrogen.

10

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(i)*!atakan dua langkah berjaga8jaga !ang perlu diambil semasa menjalankan eksperimen

  tersebut.

  State two precautions that must be ta$en while carrying out the eperiment.

  [ markah]

(ii)%adangkan satu bahan kimia !ang saesuai bagi - di Bahagian B dan n!atakan ,ungsi -.

  Suggest a suitable chemical substance for X in 'art B and state the function of X.

  [ markah]

(iii)uraikan tindak balas !ang berlaku di Bahagian %. [ markah]

   Describe the reaction that occurs in 'art !.

(iA)>aklumat di bawah menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen tersebut.

   7nformation below shows the results of the eperiment.Jisim tabung pembakaran piring porselin F $.#g

 Fass of combustion tube Hporcelain dish

Jisim tabung pembakaran piring porselin oksida > F 10$.6g

 Fass of combustion tube H porcelain dish H oide of F

Jisim tabung pembakaran piring porselin > F 10.0

 isim tabung pemba$aran H piring porselin H F 

1

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"entuklan ,ormula empiri oksida >

  Determine the empirical formula of the oide of F 

[Jisim atom relati,& C16D >0]

[ 9elatie atomic mass of ;,1  [ markah]

(b) >aklumat di bawah adalah berkaitan dengan hidrokarbon J.

  (he information below is about hydrocarbon .

• Kormula empirik J ialah % mpirical formula of is ! 2

• Jisim 1 mol o, J F g

 Fass of 1 mole of A 2"g 

• Eihasilkan melalui pendehidratan alohol

 'roduced by dehydration of alcohol.

  (i)"entukan ,ormula molekul bagi hidrokarbon J

  [Jisim atom relati, %1D 1]

   Determine the molecular formula for hydrocarbon .

  89elatif atomic mass of !,12: ,1>

  [ markah]

  (ii)uraikan satu eksperimen untuk men!ediakan hidrokarbon J di makmal daripada alohol !ang

  sepadan.  Ealam jawapan anda hendaklah termasuk gambar rajah susunan radas bahan dan prosedur.

   Describe an eperiment to prepare hydrocarbon in the laboratory from its corresponding 

  alcohol.

  7n your answer, include the diagram of the apparatus set6up, materials and procedure.

  [ markah]

10 Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan tiga tabung uji masing8masing mengandungi ampuran sesuatu halogen

  dan larutan halide dalam 1118trikloroetana untuk menjalankan eksperimen mengkajji pen!esaran  halogen pen!esaran halogen daripada larutan halida.

   Diagram 1%.1 shows three test tubes, each containing a miture of a certain halogen and and halide

  solutions in 1,1,16trichloroethane in an eperiment to inestigate the displacement of halogen from

  its halide solution.

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(a) :emerhatian bagi eksperimen8eksperimen itu diatatkan dalam jadual10.

(he obserations for the eperiments are recorded in table 1%.2

?ksperimen periment 

%ampuran Fiture

:emerhatian dalam lapisan1118trikloroetana

;bseration in the 1,1,16

trichloroethane layer 

@ 7lorin dan larutan

kalium bromide!hlorine and potassium

bromide

4arna perang

 Brown colour 

@@ Bromin dan larutan kalium

iodida

 Bromine and potassium iodide

4arna ungu

 'urple colour 

@@@ @odin dan kalium klorida

 7odine and potassium chloride

4arna ungu

 'urple colour 

  Jadual 10.

  (i)Berdasarkan jadual 10. terangkan pemerhatian !ang didapati bagi setiap eksperimen tersebut.

  "uliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas !ang berlaku.

   Based on table1%.2, eplain the obseration obtained for each of the eperiment.

  [6 markah]

  (ii)

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Eengan merujuk kepada susunan radas di atas huraikan kaedah untuk menjalankan eksperimen ini.

  >asukkan dalam huraian anda nama bahan !ang sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai agen pengoksidaan

  dan agen penurunan langkah8langkah dan pemerhatian serta setengah persamaan pengoksidaan dan

  setengah persamaan penurunan.

   By referring to the set up of the apparatus, describe the method to carry out the eperiment.

  7nclude in your descriptions, the names of the suitable substances to be used as the oidi@ing agent 

  and reducing agent, the procedures, the obseration, and the oidation and reduction half6euations.

  812 mar$ah>

  7?R";<