Trevor Gumbi: The Cold War
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Transcript of Trevor Gumbi: The Cold War
TREVOR GUMBI PRESENTING MATCH-UP PRESENTATION
ON COLD WAR
SEE REFERENCES AT END
What is a Cold War?A State of Diplomatic hostility among nations
without direct armed conflict
USA
USSR
COMPETING IDEOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
1. Wanted to spread democracy & capitalism to Eastern Europe.
VS.
1. Continued to occupy Eastern Europe & turned countries into satellites (puppet states), to protect the Soviet Union from invasion from the west.
2. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization. U.S. & several Western European Countries.
2. Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union & Eastern European satellite countries.
SOVIET UNIONUNITED STATES
One party leadership
Citizens have basic rights
Citizens elect representatives
People & corporations can own land
Government controls all production
Censorship
Secret policeGovernment controls radio, T.V. & Newspapers
DictatorshipFreedom of Press
Freedom of press
Freedom of Religion
People can form own political parties
Use of propaganda
Collectivization
How do you Fight a Cold War?
A) Need a threat of force and power – Arms, technology, influence
B) Use of Propaganda – created hatred and paranoia of other side
C) Send economic aid to weaker nations to spread influence and gain allies
D) Support with military aid nations in conflicts to protect interests or agitate other side
THE YALTA CONFERENCE
CHURCHILL, ROOSEVELT, STALIN
• FEBRUARY, 1945
• U.S., BRITAIN & SOVIET UNION
GOALS:
1. TO PROMOTE WORLD PEACE
2. TO PROVIDE EMERGENCY RELIEF
3. TO HELP FORM INTERIM GOVERNMENTS BASED ON THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE
OUTCOMES:
1. GERMANY DIVIDED INTO ZONES OF OCCUPATION
2. GERMANY WOULD PAY SOVIET UNION FOR LOSSES
3. SOVIET UNION PROMISED FREE ELECTIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE.
POLITICAL CARTOON ACTIVITY
FEARFEARFear was the motivation Fear was the motivation behind many decisions behind many decisions made during the cold warmade during the cold war
The West was afraid of The West was afraid of communist USSRcommunist USSR
The USSR was afraid of The USSR was afraid of the Westthe West
Why wasWhy was Communism Communism scary?scary?““the communist revolution the communist revolution will not merely be a national will not merely be a national phenomenon but must take phenomenon but must take place simultaneously in all place simultaneously in all civilized countries “- Marxcivilized countries “- Marx
“(Communists) openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the
ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The
proletarians have nothing to lose but
their chains. They have a world to win!” - Marx.
Why was the USSR afraid of the West?The USA, UK, & France had sent
soldiers to Russia in 1917 to stop the Revolution
Their “communist” revolution was not very successful
The USSR had just lost tens of millions of people in the war and Stalin’s purges… they were not prepared to fight the USA & UK
They were a paper tiger
Truman Doctrine in full Truman Doctrine in full effecteffect1) $400 1) $400
million in aid million in aid to Greece & to Greece & TurkeyTurkey
2) 2) The The Marshall PlanMarshall Plan: : $12 billion in $12 billion in aid to help aid to help western western European European countries countries rebuild after rebuild after the warthe war
Germany
After the war, the Allies divided up Germany into 4 zones
Berlin
Operation VittlesOperation Vittles
THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961 USSR supports East German plan to build wall. Berlin becomes divided: East Berliners and East
Germans may NOT leave the city or the country.
THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961
THE BERLIN WALL “DEATH THE BERLIN WALL “DEATH STRIP”STRIP” Towers, guards, dogs and landmines ( 地
雷 ) Not only in Berlin but between ALL of
West & East Germany 200 East Berliners killed in Death Strip,
1961-1989
Berlin Airlift Berlin
(capital of Germany, largest city) was in the Soviet Zone & the city itself was divided
BERLIN AIRLIFT BERLIN AIRLIFT ‘47-’48‘47-’48BERLIN AIRLIFT BERLIN AIRLIFT ‘47-’48‘47-’48
The U-2 Incident (how the Cold War almost ended early)
The spy plane had been spying on the USSR since 1956.
President Eisenhower knew that the USA had far more bombers, missiles, & weapons than the USSR.
Because of this,
Ike wanted to end the
Cold War at a peace
conference in Paris
in 1960.
VietnamVietnam
Vietnam was a French colonyVietnam was a French colonyVietnamese communists led by Ho Vietnamese communists led by Ho
Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the French in 1954French in 1954
International Peace Conference International Peace Conference temporarily temporarily divided Vietnam into divided Vietnam into 2 zones (not separate countries)2 zones (not separate countries)
North Vietnam (Communist) North Vietnam (Communist) {USSR}{USSR}
South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}
Burma
Cuba Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist
revolution in Cubarevolution in Cuba
Superpower Actions (part Superpower Actions (part 1)1)The Bay of Pigs The Bay of Pigs
InvasionInvasion: The Soviet : The Soviet Union gave Cuba a lot Union gave Cuba a lot of $ and support. The of $ and support. The CIA trained a group of CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles to invade Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & overthrow Cuba & overthrow their government. their government. The invasion was a The invasion was a total failure.total failure.
Superpower Actions Superpower Actions (part 2)(part 2)The Cuban Missile Crisis:The Cuban Missile Crisis:
USSR begins building USSR begins building missile bases in Cuba. missile bases in Cuba. Nukes threatened the US. Nukes threatened the US. JFK warned that he JFK warned that he would stop any Soviet would stop any Soviet boat carrying missiles to boat carrying missiles to Cuba. The USSR backed Cuba. The USSR backed off.off.
The closest the world has The closest the world has ever come to total ever come to total nuclear warnuclear war
“The Button”
REFERENCES
Cooke,E.2011. The cold war global. http://www.slideshare.net/eben_cooke/the-cold-war-global. ACCESSED ON 06/03/2014
Green, H. S. 2013. The cold war part two. http://www.slideshare.net/HStevenGreen/b-fall-lecture-6-2013. Accessed ON 06/03/2014
Clouse. C. 2012. The Cold War. http://www.slideshare.net/CarlClouse1/untitledpresentation-12656504. ACCESSED 06/03/2014