Trends in US Poultry Housing for Energy Conservation
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Trends in US Poultry Housing for Energy
Conservation
John W. WorleyAssociate Professor
University of Georgia
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Co-authors
• Mr. Michael Czarick– Biological and Agricultural
Engineering– University of Georgia
• Dr. Brian Fairchild– Poultry Science– University of Georgia
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Overview
• Background• Energy Saving Technologies• Survey Results• Conclusions - Needs
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Growth in Broiler Production in Southeastern US
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• Reasons for regional growth– Low-cost land, labor, and housing– Synergy with cow-calf operations
– Restoration of depleted crop lands
• Low-cost housing meant:– Natural Ventilation– Cheap construction– Little or no insulation or powered
ventilation
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Evolution of birds and housing
• Improvements in genetics and nutrition
• Improvements in buildings
• Better buildings necessary for better bird performance
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Energy efficiency
• Has always been considered• Low historic energy prices• Recent changes• Energy now on “Front Burner”
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Objectives
• Quantify expected energy savings from eight technologies (per house)
• Determine present and projected adoption rate by industry (poll)
• Estimate potential energy savings attributable to these technologies (sample and industry-wide)
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Energy Saving Technologies
• Tunnel Ventilation– Allows greater bird densities and improves
bird performance– No energy savings recognized in this report
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Energy Saving Technologies
• Electronic Controllers– Tighter control of desired temperature– Improved bird environment and performance– No energy savings recognized in this report
HeatersExhaustFans
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Energy Saving Technologies - Gas
• House Tightness– Allows control of entering air (winter
conditions)– Curtain Flaps – one example of tightening– O.1” static pressure with one 48-inch fan– Projected 15% gas savings
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Energy Saving Technologies - Gas
• Solid Walls– Reduces leaks and conductive
heat flow– Savings depend on size of
opening and R-value of solid wall
– Can be solid wall on both sides or North side
– Projected 15% gas savings
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Energy Saving Technologies - Gas
• Circulation Fans– Reduces heat stratification– Increases bird comfort while
reducing gas consumption– Savings depend on type of
heat and management (10 to 30%)
– Projected 20% gas savings
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Energy Saving Technologies - Gas
• Litter Treatments– Reduce pH of litter– Reduces ammonia emissions – Reduces required ventilation during
brooding– Projected 20% gas savings
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Energy Saving Technologies - Gas
• Wider Houses– Reduces exposed wall area per bird– Usually thicker walls (increased R value) – 50 ft wide or wider– Projected 15% gas savings
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Energy Saving Technologies - Electricity
• High efficiency exhaust fans– Combination of efficient motors and housing– Cone exhaust is indicator of efficiency – Projected 15% savings based on EER
improvement from 19 to 22 (Typical range of 16 to 24 for poultry ventilation fans)
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Summary of Expected Savings
Technology Estimated % Savings
House Tightness 15% (gas)
Solid Walls 15% (gas)
Circulation Fans 20% (gas)
Litter Treatments 20% (gas)
Wider Houses 15% (gas)
Hi-Eff. Exhaust Fans 15% (electric)
Note: Gas savings are multiplicative, not additive
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Survey Results
• Sent survey to 20 complexes in GA, SC, and AL
• Received 11 replies (all from GA)• Replies represent 806 million broilers
per year – 64% of production in Georgia– 9.5% of total US production
• 6218 houses (projected 6418 by 2010)
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0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Adoption Rates of Energy Saving Technologies
Total
2010
2004
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0
10
20
30
40
Gas Saved (million gallons)
2004 Projected 2010 Total Potential
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0100200300400
High Eff.Fans
Electrical Energy Saved (million kWh)
2004 Projected 2010 Total Potential
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Conclusions• Energy savings is recognized by the
industry as important• Technologies have had varying
degrees of acceptance• The need for education and further
demonstration of technologies still exists
• Circulation fans, hi-eff. exhaust fans, and wider housing show the greatest potential for future savings