Treating Psychological Disorders Chapter 15. Who Seeks Treatment? 15% of U.S. population in a given...
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Transcript of Treating Psychological Disorders Chapter 15. Who Seeks Treatment? 15% of U.S. population in a given...
Who Seeks Treatment? 15% of U.S. population in a
given year 4.5 million people
Most common presenting problems Anxiety and Depression
Demographics Women more than men Education level
Barriers to Treatment Medical insurance
Who Provides Treatment?
Clinical psychologists Counseling psychologists Psychiatrists Clinical social workers Psychiatric nurses Counselors
Types of Treatment Psychotherapy
Insight therapies “talk therapy”
Behavior therapies Changing overt behavior
Biomedical therapies Biological functioning
interventions Eclectic35%
Behavioral11%
Cognitive8%
Client-centered
6%
Other16%
Psychodynamic24%
Psychoanalysis Focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts resulting from fixations at early
developmental stages Uses techniques such as...
Free association Dream analysis Interpretation
To minimize Resistance
and facilitate Transference
Goal is to rebuild personality
Client-Centered Treatment Believes disorders result from incongruence between self-concept and
reality or dependence on acceptance from others. Uses techniques such as
Unconditional positive regard Empathy Genuineness Reflection
Goal is to increase client self-acceptance (minimize incongruence)
Behavioral Therapies Believe disorders are maladaptive patterns of behavior that have
been learned. Use techniques such as
Conditioning (Classical & Operant) Aversion Systematic Desensitization Social Skills Training Biofeedback
To eliminate maladaptive behavior and replace with adaptive behavior.
Behavior Therapies
B.F. Skinner and colleagues Goal: unlearning maladaptive behavior and
learning adaptive ones Systematic Desensitization – Joseph Wolpe
Classical conditioning Anxiety hierarchy
Aversion therapy Alcoholism, sexual deviance, smoking, etc.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Aaron Beck
Cognitive therapy Believe disorders result from
irrational assumptions and negative, self-defeating thoughts.
Use techniques such as Thought stopping Recording automatic thoughts Refuting negative thinking Reality testing Homework
Goal is to detect negative, irrational thinking and replace with realistic thinking
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Martin Seligman
Learned helplessness and depression Difficult to establish
helplessness-depression link
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Martin Seligman Explanatory style
a person’s habitual way of explaining events, typically assessed along three dimensions: internal/external, stable/unstable, and global/specific
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ASQ
Biomedical TherapiesType Example Positive Effects Adverse Effects
Antianxiety Drugs Valium, Xanax
Quick acting Reduces anxiety
Nausea, drowsiness, confusion
Antipsychotic Drugs Thorazine, Haldol
Decrease psychotic symptoms
Tardive dyskinesia
Antidepressant Drugs
Elavil, Nardil, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
Reduce depressive symptoms
Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Constipation, Drowsiness
Bipolar Treatment Lithium Prevents mood swings
Kidney and Thyroid damage
ECT Reduces depressive symptoms
Memory loss, Impaired attention
Biomedical Therapies Psychopharmacotherapy
Antianxiety - Valium, Xanax, Buspar Antipsychotic - Thorazine, Mellaril, Haldol
Tardive dyskinesia Clozapine
Antidepressant: Tricyclics – Elavil, Tofranil Mao inhibitors (MAOIs) - Nardil Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) –
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
Biomedical Therapies Psychopharmacotherapy
Mood stabilizers Lithium Valproic acid
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)