Travel Demand Management - WRI Beijing Project
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Transcript of Travel Demand Management - WRI Beijing Project
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Daizong Liu
Director of WRI China Transport Program
Transforming Transportation 2017
Travel Demand Management WRI Beijing Project
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Outline
1.Why TDM in China
2.WRI China TDM Offers
3.WRI TDM Works in China
4.Initial Achievements
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Why TDM in China
1
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Energy-related CO2 emissions of China was 28% of the global total in 2014, and will be 16.5 Gt in 2030. The contribution of transport sector has been increasing. By 2030, it will be 33% of total CO2 emissions
Why TDM in China
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Why TDM in China 1
Source: NASA, BCL, and Gaode
30%PM 2.5
EMISSION FROM URBAN TRANSPORT
$127 LOSS
IN TIME-COST EVERY MONTH DUE TO TRAFFIC JAMS, WHILE AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME IS $1060 IN BEIJING
115 MINUTES
STUCK IN TRAFFIC EVERY WEEKDAY IN BEIJING
1% GDP
= HEALTH COSTS OF TRANSPORT EMISSION; 10% AVERAGE INCOME = TIME LOSS BY TRAFFIC JAM
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2 WRI China TDM Offers
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Implementation Pathway 2
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TDM Agenda 2
TDM Agenda
Car Ownership
Usage Control
Physical Restraints
Mode Shift
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WRI TDM Works in Beijing
3
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3 Bejing TDM Project
Notes:
red = strong mandate, quick and obvious effect; orange = medium policy mandate, obvious effect for short-term rather than long-term; green = weak policy, effect not obvious.
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Beijing TDM Project 3
Notes:
red = strong mandate, quick and obvious effect; orange = medium policy mandate, obvious effect for short-term rather than long-term; green = weak policy, effect not obvious.
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3 Beijing TDM Practices
Improve vehicle
ownership regulation
Reduce
car usage
Reduce initial travel
demand
Alter travel demand during
peak hours
Urban planning Promote job-housing balance Complete streets
Increase percentage of new energy Veh Proof-of-parking for vehicle purchase Market-oriented allocation scheme 63 million cars by 2020
Low emission zone/ Congestion charging Differentiated parking prices Traffic restrictions based on regions and times Transit freight vehicle detours
Flexible work schedule Internet-based work Early bird discounted
subway fares
Area: 16,807.8 km2 Population: 21.7 million Vehicle ownership: 5.7 million Average daily driving times: 2.4 Average daily driving distances: 13.1 km
Average daily public transport passenger journeys: 20.4 million person-times
Subway operating mileage: 554 km Bus lanes: 741 km Green transport mode share in central city:
70.7%
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Beijing LEZ/CC Project
Beijing LEZ/CC
Legislation
Institutional Setup
Public Communication
Policy Schemes
Design Management
Enforcement
Finance
3
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Beijing CC Policy Public Opinion Survey
Over 10,000 questionnaires in total conducted
3
23.2%
28.5%
28.5% 28.5%
支持
中立
反对 48.3%
23.2% Opposed
Supported
Neutral 32.0%
16.3%
28.5%
14.0%
9.3%
一般 比较支持 非常支持
较不支持
18%
非常不支
Neutral
Fairly Supported
Strongly Supported
Opposed
Strongly Opposed
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• Implementation of CC has potential benefits.
3
Public Support Degree
• The better the public know about the cc policy, the more supportive they are.
Beijing CC Policy Public Opinion Survey
19.3%
40.8%
34.7% 10.6%
(81.6%) know little about policy
(18.4%) know well about policy
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Initial Achievements
4
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Initial Achievements
Beijing imposes stricter travel restrictions on vehicles. Starting from Feb. 15, 2017, the city’s 456,000 vehicles meeting Euro 1 and 2 standards will be banned on all work days within the 5th Ring Road.
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Initial Achievements
Working with Beijing TV Station, we produced a TV program, broadcast on Sept 15, 2016, called “Searching for Measures to Mitigate Congestion” based on our CC public opinion survey to educate the public that CC coupled with a package of measures could effectively reduce congestion.
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Initial Achievements
"Urban Public Transport 13th Five Year Plan " issued by MOT in July 2016, bought a package of TDM solutions to mitigate urban traffic congestions.