Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Very Low Incidence Disabilities TLSE 240.
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Transcript of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Very Low Incidence Disabilities TLSE 240.
TBI – IDEA Definition
“Acquired injury to the brain caused by an external force that adversely affects a child’s educational performance and results in partial functional disability, psychosocial impairment or both….”
Not Covered
Brain injuries that are congenital (present at baby’s birth)
Anoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain) i.e., choking, stroke or drowning
Closed Injury
Brain whipped back and forth rapidly, causing it to rub against and bounce off the rough, jagged interior of the skull.
Closed continued
Neurofibers responsible for sending messages to all parts of the body are damaged
Stresses brain stem, a relay station
Physical, emotional, and cognitive consequences
Open Injury
Insult to specific area of brain, such as gunshot wound or blow to the head
Usually only affects those functions controlled by injured parts
Characteristics
Unique to individual and injury
Can have characteristics similar to LD, MR, ED/BD, Speech Impairments, or Physical Disabilities
Areas Typically Affected
Cognition Language Memory Attention Reasoning Abstract Thinking Judgment Information
Processing Speech
Possible Physical Changes
Nothing to serious20% - Seizures; often subsideSpasticity or paralysisCoordination problemsPhysical weaknessFatigueSome strength resumes as brain heals
Possible Cognitive Changes
ComprehensionProblem solvingConcentrationLong and short term memoryInformation processingPoor judgment
Possible Linguistic Changes
Receptive languageWritten languageAphasia (inability to use language
appropriately)Word finding issuesMost speech and expression skills
are regained
Possible Social, Behavioral, and Personality Changes
Temper outburstsEuphoriaRestlessnessAnxietyIrritability15-25% struggle with depressionPoor self-monitoring skills
Causes of TBI
Accidents ( especially motor vehicle)
Falls Violence – related
incidentsChild abuseShaken baby
syndrome
TBI – other facts
TBI is the leading cause of death and disability among children and young adults
1 TBI per 15 secondsMales 2x as likely as femalesMost prevalent 15-24 and 75 and overAlcohol is involved in half of TBI injuries
Assessment
Medical evaluationCAT Scan identifies large area of
bleeding or contusionMRI identifies smaller and subtle brain
anomaliesPET Scan measures some of the energy-
processing functions of the brain. Looks at how certain chemicals are being used by the brain
Assessment continued
Multi-disciplinary team
Often on-going to determine changes, improvements, or needs
Continued communication with neurological or medical experts
Recovery
Motor skills return firstRapid progress at first, then slower
progressSpeech and language issues
quickly recoveredHigher level skills and complex
language skills remain difficult
Educational Implications
IEP or 504 PlanVarious therapiesMemory strategiesAccommodations and
ModificationsSocial needs
Multiple - Severe
Often cognitive, sensory, and physical disabilities
Focus on functional skillsRequire supports throughout life,
usuallyGroup homesLiving longer