Traumatic Brain Injuries
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Transcript of Traumatic Brain Injuries
Traumatic Brain Injuries
Hannah Student, Ryan Hennessey, Ryan Lawrence
Definition of TBI:
• A traumatic brain injury occurs when an external mechanical force causes brain dysfunction.
WE NEED FOUR VOLUNTEERS!
TBI- Causes-Any physical trauma that is directed at
the head can cause a Traumatic Brain Injury.
-Most injuries that penetrate the skull and affect brain tissue are the cause of TBIs.
Primary Causes
Who Is At Risk?-On average, each year 1.7 million
people sustain some sort of TBI-Approximately 18% of all TBI related
emergency room visits involve children aged 0-4
-Approximately 22% of all TBI hospitalizations involved adults aged 75 years and older
-59% of TBIs happen to males
Types of TBI• Closed injury:
This type of TBI occurs when the brain moves, shifts around, inside the skull without penetration
• Penetrating injury:
This type of TBI occurs when an object actually enters the skull.
CDC
Concussions: What is a concussion?
-Children and Teens are more likely to get a concussions than adults and take longer to recover from them
-Falls, Sports and Motor Vehicles are the the largest contributors to TBI's amongst kids and students
-A more serious concussion, can lead to consequences involving movement, speaking or learning.
Web MD
Concussions in Sports-Annually, 173,285 sports and recreation
related TBIs, including concussions, are reported amongst kids aged 0-19
-During the last decade, emergency room visits for sports related incidents in children increased by 60%
-Football, Basketball, Soccer, Bicycling, and Playground Activities are common activities where concussions can occur
Symptoms of Concussions Student is/has:• Unable to concentrate for very long• Can't recall new information• Terrible headaches• Blurry vision• Dizziness
• Sensitivity to light or noise• More emotional than usual
• Anisocoria
Shaken Baby Syndrome -Triad of symptoms including:
-Subdural Hematoma-Retinal Hemorrhage-Cerebral Oedema
-Can be caused by direct blows to the head, dropping or throwing a child, or shaking a child.
-Often fatal and a primary cause of brain damage amongst infants.
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Shaken Baby Syndrome Con't-Because the anatomy of infants puts
them at particular risk for injury from this kind of action, the majority of victims are infants younger than 1 year old.
-SBS often causes irreversible damage. In the worst cases, children die due to their injuries.
-The children that survive often exhibit symptoms identical, if not worse than children with TBI's.
Penetrating TBI's
NEUROPLASTICITY!
• TBI as a developing disability
• Can we accurately predict a child's recovery?
Traumatic Brain Injury
How doctors test for Concussions or TBI's
• CT Scan • MRI • Extensive list of questions or activities • Blood Tests • Angiogram• ICP Monitor• EEG
How to Measure Functioning Ability of the
Patient• Disability Rating Scale
• Functional Independent Measurement• Functional Assessment Measurement• Glasgow Coma Scale
Characteristics of recovering TBI patients._If the child has partial or complete
paralysis_If the child has serious physical damage
to their head_If the child is often dizzy and tired_If a child's motor skills are not
functioning as usual _If the child has memory or attention
problems _If a child's senses have been impaired
Lasting effects of a TBI • Memory • Vision
• Depression • Paralysis
• Damaged motor skills• Headaches
Short Term Memory Loss
As a teacher, how can you recognize a student with TBI?
-If a child is depressed or anti-social -If a child is sensitive to light or sound-If a child's academic performance
suddenly falls far behind other students
-If a child has trouble maintaining balance
-If a child was absent from school for an extended amount of time for a hospital stay
Is an IEP or 504 necessary?
REMINDER!A child who suffered a traumatic brain
injury, is not technically/medically similar to a child with a learning disorder. A child who has suffered a TBI is in a different category than those with a learning disability.
However, they may exhibit the same characteristics and will benefit from the same learning/teaching strategies
How to create a compatible learning environment for TBI
students• Minimize stimulation• Space between desks • Small groups • Consistent Written Schedule • "Classroom buddy"
Learning strategies for TBI children
• Verbal/written instructions
• Shorter assignments
• Facilitate note-taking with specific headings
• Short & frequent quizzes
• Cues for catching/keeping their attention
what did you learn about TBI's that you didn't know before?