Transportation

Transportation

1Move the Modular Force

TRANSPORTATION16/7/2012 5:03 AMAs of JAN 06Transportation is a fairly easy logistics function to plan for, but fairly difficult to execute. Consider the lessons learned from OEF I thru OEF IV in Afghanistan and OIF I thru OIF III in Iraq: Afghanistan. Moving the force was exceptionally difficult in Afghanistan. For OEF I and II, all U.S. and coalition equipment arrived in theater by air. Some equipment was provided by host-nation and neighboring-nation support. CL IV was moved from Pakistan. CL III (B)) was moved by ground. Even today, U.S. forces move only minimal amounts of supply by groundthe majority of surface transportation outside the wire is contracted for. This leads to pilfered loads, inability to conduct ITV, etc. Iraq. For OIF I and II, units crossed LD w/ UBL and some organic equipment. Due to (1) a shortage of transportation assets, (2) unsecured lines of communications (LOCs), and (3) a disproportionate amount of personnel, equipment, and supplies coming into theater, anything left in Kuwait was subject to a prioritization flow north. The result -- some units waited months for any equipment that didnt LD with them. 88M. For OIF, unarguably 88M is among the most dangerous MOS to hold, given that 95% of hostile action was directed at softer-skinned resupply convoys laden w/ CL III, CL IX, bottled water, etc.As of Nov 052TLO and ELOsTerminal Learning Objective: Describe mission support capabilities of the modular transportation force and operational considerations for employing transportation modes to support operations.

Enabling Learning Objectives:Overview of Transportation Operations.Diagram the transportation request process.Identify considerations for planning ground and air transportation support and the interface of transportation planners, managers and mode operators.Identify procedures for estimating transportation requirements to support the concept of operations.Describe movement control missions, organizations and activities.TRANSPORTATION26/7/2012 5:03 AM Intentionally blank.3ReferencesFM 4-0, Combat Service Support (Aug 03)FM 4-01.011, Unit Movement Operations (Oct 02)FM 4-01.30, Movement Control (Sep 03)FM 4-01.41, Army Rail Operations (Dec 03)FM 4-20.41, Aerial Delivery Distribution in the Theater of Operations (Aug 03) TRANSPORTATION36/7/2012 5:03 AM Phase III is adopting the following FMIs as primary emerging doctrinal sources for logistics familiarization on the Modular Force:

FMI 4-90.1, Heavy Brigade Combat Team LogisticsFMI 3-90-6, Heavy Brigade Combat Team

The following FMs are still considered primary doctrinal sources by the U.S. Army Transportation Center and School:

FM 4-01.011, Unit Movement Operations FM 4-01.30, Movement Control All 55-series FMs

4References (continued)FM 55-30, Army Motor Transport Units and Operations (with Change 1 Sep 99) (Pending revision FM 4-01.40)

FM 55-50, Army Water Transport Operations (with Change 1, Mar 95)

FM 55-60, Army Terminal Operations (Apr 96)

FM 55-80, Army Container Operations (Aug 97)

FM 100-17, Mobilization, Deployment, Redeployment, Demobilization (Oct 92)Note: FM 55-50, -60, & -80 are pending revision to FM 4-01.50TRANSPORTATION46/7/2012 5:03 AM Logistics FMs are being revised as FM 4 series manuals.

Note that a revision, Fm 4-01.40, is being developed for FM 55-30.

Note also that three FMs, FM 55-50, 55-60, and 55-80 will be revised as one series 4 FM, FM 4-01.50.

5Outline Transportation Terms, Levels, Principles, & Concepts Transportation Planners and Managers Transportation Units, Missions, & Employment Transportation Movement Requests (TMR) Movement Control Transportation Automation and Enablers Aerial Resupply Planning Considerations for Offense, Defense, Urban, and Counterinsurgency Operations Questions and Lessons Learned DiscussionTRANSPORTATION56/7/2012 5:03 AM Heres the outline for this overivew on transportation support of a modular force.

The first few slides provide a big-picture familiarization of basic terms and concepts.

Starting with the Trans Units, Missions and Employment section, the material is more geared toward helping students get basic familiarization to plan transportation support for Operation Ironhorse Fury, as well as, to prepare them to coordinate transportation support for the Modular Force and the Iraqi theater of operations.6Modular Force Acronyms (Move-specific)BCS3:Battle Command Sustainment Support SystemBSA:Brigade Support AreaBSB:Brigade Support BattalionCHU:Container Handling UnitCROP:Container Roll in / Roll out Platform DC:Distribution Company FBCB2:Force Battle Command Brigade and Below FDRP:First Destination Reporting PointFRCP:Flatrack Collection PointFSC:Forward Support CompanyITV:In-transit VisibilityLHS:Load Handling SystemMCB: Movement Control BattalionMCT:Movement Control TeamMRT: Movement Regulating TeamMTS:Movement Tracking SystemPLS:Palletized Load SystemPP&O:Plans, Programs and OperationsSA:Situational AwarenessTTP:Trailer Transfer Point

TRANSPORTATION66/7/2012 5:03 AMTransportation MOSs:

88H-Cargo Specialist 88K-Watercraft Operator 88L-Watercraft Engineer 88M-Motor Transport Operator 88N-Transportatlon Management Coordinator 88P-Railway Equipment Repairer 88T-Railway Section Repairer 88U-Railway Operations Crewmember 88X-Railway Senior Sergeant 7Move the Modular Force Transportation Terms, Levels, Principles, & ConceptsTRANSPORTATION76/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations

Intentionally blank.8 Transportation (Defined)Transportation is moving and transferring units, personnel, equipment, and supplies to support the concept of operations.

Transportation incorporates military, commercial, and host-nation capabilities.

Transportation assets include:Motor, rail, air and water modes and unitsTerminal units, activities, and infrastructureMovement control units and activities

TRANSPORTATION86/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations

Reference: FM 4-90.1, pg 5-27, para 5-109

Refer to Afghanistan and OIF to elaborate on the second bullet on this slide: Afghanistan: There was/is some military ground movement, but this AO has significant host nation and neighboring nation (Pakistan) transportation support.

OIF: There was/is lots of military ground movement, but also tons of host nation transportation support. For OIF-1, specifically for the period from MAY 03 thru FEB 04, the 101st Airborne Division (AASLT) employed 125 host nation drivers and contracted up to 63 tractor-trailer combinations just at division level to supplement the division transportation company. Each FSB employed additional drivers and tractor-trailer combinations to give them an organic host nation transportation capability.

9

10 Levels of TransportationStrategic LevelFocus is on the movement of U.S. forces and equipment to SPOEs and from SPODsU.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) controls strategic movement through its three component commands:Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) (formerly known as MTMC)Air Mobility Command (AMC)Military Sealift Command (MSC)TRANSPORTATION106/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations

USTRANSCOM Mission: (Reference: FM 4-0, pg. 7-2, para. 7-1).

SDDC Mission: Provide global surface deployment command & control and distribution operations to meet National Security objectives in peace and war (Reference: FM 4-0, pg. 7-1, para. 7-2).

AMC Mission: Provides common-user airlift, air refueling, and strategic aero-medical evacuation transportation services to support U.S. forces on a global basis. (Reference: FM 4-0, pg. 7-2, para. 7-3).

MSC Mission: Provides government owned and government-chartered sealift transportation services to support U.S. forces globally. (Reference: FM 4-0, pg. 7-2, para. 7-4).11 Levels of TransportationOperational LevelFocus is on building force structure; reception, staging, and onward movement; opening ports; establishing LOCs; and providing C2 for movements.

Tactical LevelFocus is on supporting the commanders intent (right support, right place, right time).


Reference: FM 4-0, pg. 7-2 to 7-3, para. 7-8 and 7-9

Operational and Tactical Level12

13Elements of a Transportation SystemMODE OPERATIONSMOVEMENT CONTROLMost critical elementTERMINAL OPERATIONSTRANSPORTATION136/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Transportation Capabilities

Reference: FM 4-01.30, pg. 1-1, para. 1-2: The transportation system is comprised of three distinct elements: mode operations (highway, rail, water, air), terminal operations, and movement control. Of these elements, movement control is the most critical component of the system (and it will be addressed in depth later in the lesson). Movement control organizations/teams must coordinate the efforts of modes, terminals, services, commands, contractors, and host nations during deployment, sustainment, and redeployment.

NOTE: Movement control is key to all operations and will be emphasized in Operation Ironhorse Fury. Our mode focus in Phase III is predominately on motorized operations.

14Mode OperatorsIncludes drivers and equipment operators. Provide transportation assets as committed.Operate trailer transfer points (TTPs) and inland terminals.TTP: Provide space/facilities for maintenance, servicing, and rest. Semitrailers are exchanged between line haul tractors.

TRANSPORTATION146/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Transportation Capabilities

Reference: FM 4-01.30, pg. 1-1

Operators are the guys who see it, touch it, feel it, drive it, and maintain it everyday.

TTPs can be run out of hide. However, there are actual MTOE TTP detachments as well (e.g., 418th Transportation Detachment). A TTP detachment consists of 16 personnel and has limited equipment (1xRTCH, 1xForklift, 3xYard-dogs, 1xWrecker). A TTP detachment also has limited organic maintenance capability (5xmechanics).15Line Hauls and Local HaulsLine HaulsLong distance operations (90 miles/150 km)TTPs connect line haul legs1 round trip per 10 hour shift

Local HaulsShort distance operations (20 miles/34 km)2 or more round trips per 10 hour shiftDistance = (10hrs per operating shift - 1 hr delay) 20 mph = (10-1) 20 = 90 miles 2 trips per day 2 90 Miles90 Miles20 MilesTTPTTPTTPTRANSPORTATION156/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Transportation Capabilities

Reference: FM 54-30, page 10-8 and FM 55-10

Truck operations may be line haul or local haul. Line Haul constitutes operational distances allowing only one round trip per 10-hour shift. TTPs are required to connect line haul legs to throughput cargo long distances. Local haul is short distance operations, which allow two or more round trips per 10-hour shift.

TTPs connect line haul legs. They are points on the ground where: Cargo can be segregated or transloaded. Semitrailer relay operations can exchange/drop/swap/pick up trailers. Refueling operations for the line haul units occur. Services and inspections of trailers occur and emergency repair to vehicles occur.

Express Operations provide faster delivery of critical, high-priority cargo than regular line haul operations. 16

Mode Operators Consists of:Transportation Companies in the Corps and / or Sustainment BrigadesTrans Plts (from the Distro Co in the BSB)Operators in the TransSection of the FSC (light units only)TRANSPORTATION166/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Transportation Capabilities

Corps: WEBTAADS, CASCOM Force Development Doctrine, and MTOEs for 3ID, 101st, and various other units, still show Heavy Truck Companies, Medium Truck Companies, and Light/Medium Truck Companies available. An updated description of capabilities and equipment for these units follows in the Transportation Units, Missions, and Employment section of this block. Note: Force Developers within CASCOM have noted that some transportation units may be massaged as the Modular Force continues to evolve.

Division: Would like to provide students w/ an example of a CSSB (w/ trans capability that is supporting a heavy division. However, in absence of solid data, we will use the 101st Airborne Divisions 106th Transportation Battalion (one of the CSSBs in its Sustainment Brigade) as an example. The 106th Trans Bn has an HHD (listed on its org chart as a SPT PLT), a cargo transfer company, a medium truck company, and two MCTs. The entire battalion has been deployed to Iraq in its current configuration since NOV 04 (estimated redeployment set for NOV 05). Note: As of MAR 05, this battalion is conducting split-based operations between Mosul and Anaconda.

Trans PLTs (from the Distribution Company in the BSB): Authorized 42 x 88Ms. Has 20 x PLS and a C2 vehicle.Note: There are also PLSs in the General Supply Section (3), CL IX Section (2), and the ATP Section (3). These are CULT assets (not-routinely taskable).

Operators in the Trans Section of the FSC (Light Units Only): In order to move troops when birds arent flying, the Trans Section in a light divisions FSC has 24 x 88Ms, 12 x LMTVs, and 8 x LMTV drop-side trailers. It has the capability to move one Infantry Company in one lift. (Reference: Ch. 11, Sustainment Brigade Organizational & Operational Concepts White Paper, pg. F-73, para. A.1.3, line 17-19)

17Basic Movement Control PrinciplesCentralized control/ decentralized executionRegulated movementFluid and flexible movementsEffective use of carrying capacityForward supportTRANSPORTATION176/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations

Reference: FM 4-01.30, pg. 1-2, para. 1-3

These principles are still in effect despite the transition from AOE to Modular Force emerging doctrine. However, additional principles specific to the Modular Force are covered on slides 19-22).18 Centralized Control/Decentralized ExecutionCentralized Control: Planning and resource allocation for current and future requirements is executed by planners and managers at each level of command involved in an operation.Decentralized Execution: Mode operators determine the specific assets to assign to meet the requirement.Bottom Line: Intent is to enhance flexibility, prioritize support, and accomplish missions.TRANSPORTATION186/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations


A way to explain this is to relate it to how the MCO used to task the division truck company. If a requesting unit wanted to move eight (8) warehouse pallets, the MCO had visibility on the availability of trucks in the TMT and would task the unit for one (1) S&P. Upon receiving the mission, the commander and truckmaster may support the mission with one (1) S&P, or, they might execute with two to three (2-3) FMTVs. If they chose to support with another asset, it might be due to detailed circumstances beyond the MCOs range of visibility (all qualified S&P drivers unavailable or the pallets could be moved by three FMTVs already in the area just completing a troop transport mission, etc).

Analogy: Give em the nail. Theyll figure out how to pound it in.19Prevent conflict/congestion by avoiding system saturation.Three applications:Apportionment of Vehicles to RequirementsRegulation of Traffic thru MSRs and LOCsForce ProjectionCommand priorities guide the regulation of all movements.Bottom Line: Prevents a free-for-all on routes. Units and supplies move along routes in an orderly fashion.

Regulated MovementsTRANSPORTATION196/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations


Regulating movement was hard stuff in Iraq, especially during early phases of OIF 1 when every unit with a wheeled vehicle planned its movement north using a paved MSR -- of which there arent very many in southern Iraq. Around D+8-14, MSRs running past Karbala were bumper to bumper and movement control guys were being ignored.

This principles difficulty is compounded when you consider that other Services are competing for routes, along with local traffic, contracted support, and host-nation support.

20Uninterrupted movement of personnel, supplies, and services is critical.System must allow for traffic re-routing and diversion.System must be linked to Situational Awareness (SA) systems to maximize movement control. Bottom Line: Use every available route or mode to increase flexibility and responsiveness.Fluid and Flexible MovementsMSR DAYTONAASR NEXTELASR EARNHARDTBSAFLD TRNS

TRANSPORTATION206/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations


Situational Awareness (SA) systems such as MTS, FBCB2, and BCS3s instant messaging capability will significantly aid in helping movement control guys execute fluid and flexible movements. FBCB2 and BCS3 both have the capability to send route overlays using technology similar to e-mail. With this technology, managers with feeds to battlefield SA systems can quickly create and send an ASR to reroute a convoy to if their primary MSR is blocked, has enemy activity, etc.

During OIF1, 101st Airborne routinely used MTS messaging to manage, divert, delay, hold, and issue orders and fragos to resupply convoys operating along MSR Tampa in northern Iraq.

A limitation of the SA system capability is its dependency on satellite communication. A message can be received in as little as 30 seconds in some cases; in other cases, messages may be delayed by hours. 21Keep assets fully loaded and moving.

Select the best platform for a given load.

Requesting units must be disciplined and return Corps, Division, and BSB assets when their mission is complete.

Bottom Line: Make the best use of your available assets.

b) Empty trucks sitting idle benefit no one. When the mission is complete, return the asset so it can be fully utilized.Effective Use of Carrying CapacityTRANSPORTATION216/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations


A big problem during OIF1 was that requesting units (many times at the task-force level) would request assets to move troops for a specific mission/ time-period. Many of these units grew fond of having these assets available to them. They could use them for follow-on missions, shower runs, PX runs, etc. At the conclusion of the mission, they would hold the assets and refuse to provide them with a security escort back to the DSA. These units either couldnt understand or chose not to understand that the equipment they held onto was working off of a task list and another unit would suffer as a result of their actions. Additionally, holding onto assets like this resulted in time allocated for maintenance at the parent unit being eliminated.

This principle also deals with marrying up the right load to the right asset. Loading 2 x pallets of Cl IX on a S&P simply because it is designated as the Cl IX truck isnt a sin, but that mission can easily be accomplished by a drop-side FMTV. Loading a 4K forklift on a HET isnt a sin, but that mission can be accomplished by a FMTV (pick it up w/ a 10K FL and put it on the FMTV), a lowboy, a S&P, or a PLS.

Weight out vs Cube out

22Forward Support Rapid delivery of supplies and personnel as far forward as possible.Dependent upon fast, reliable transportation.Key = rapid reception of assets (receive, download, and clearance/release).May be necessary to augment destination units reception and clearance capabilities (pre-stage a forklift to help the destination unit download pallets from a Corps medium truck company).Bottom Line: Support forward to provide maximum responsiveness to the maneuver commander.TRANSPORTATION226/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations


Forward support as far forward as the tactical situation permits is key. Supporting the HBCT embraces this principle by maximizing throughput, optimizing containerization, and utilizing configured loads. Key is to remember that we must also have the capability forward to handle loads (off and upload aircraft, vehicles etc)

23Unity of CommandCentralized Distribution ManagementControlled by the trans officer (03/88A) and the trans management NCO (MOS 88N20) in the BSB support operations section.

Intent: Allow throughput to the customer unit whenever possibleReduce time spent off-loading and reloading material between echelons.

TRANSPORTATION236/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Employment of HBCT transportation elements


This principle is focused on synchronizing movement and maintaining visibility of assets. The unity of command piece is encompassed by everybody on the battlefield (to include the war-fighters) understanding that the Modular Force is attempting to move mountains with limited assets. Understanding this, movement guys give 100% to supporting and war-fighters give 100% to downloading and returning assets quickly.

To keep the system honest, trans guys at the BSB (the trans officer and the trans management NCO) maintain visibility on all assets requested, required, and being sent to their HBCTs AO. If a unit attempts to hold an asset, the BSB takes action. If a unit needs an asset to facilitate download (forklift), the BSB takes action quickly. If a unit is feverishly awaiting arrival of a specific load, the BSB tracks that load/asset using MTS, FBCB2, and BCS3 enablers.24Increased VelocityThroughput to Forward AreasBypass one or more echelons in the distribution network to minimize cargo handling and improve velocity on the battlefield.ITV is maintained thru MTS, FBCB2, and BCS3 (SA systems).Direct throughput relies on:Unity of commandSituational understanding (facilitated by SA systems and thorough understanding of the commanders intent).TRANSPORTATION246/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Employment of HBCT transportation elements


This principle is linked to the previous principle of Unity of Command, Centralized Distribution Management in that the entire support concept is built around throughput and in-transit visibility.

SA system = Situational Awareness system. Modularized units have (in some cases, will have) all three systems (work-stations) in the SPO section of the BSB.

25Use PLS, HEMTT-LHS, and CROP to reduce handling requirements forward on the battlefield. (Note: Capabilities and descriptions of the PLS, LHS, and CROP are outlined on the slides that follow).

These systems extend throughput capability and enhance velocity through flatrack exchange at or near the BSA and the FLD TRNSs.

Increased VelocityMinimize Load HandlingTRANSPORTATION256/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Employment of HBCT transportation elements


26PLS / LHS Comparison

PLS

Truck payload:16.5 tonsTrailer payload:16.5 tonsDriven wheels:10HEMTT LHS

Truck payload:11 tonsTrailer payload:11 tonsDriven wheels:8

M1077 FlatrackTRANSPORTATION266/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations

PLS Info: Palletized Load System (PLS) consists of a prime mover truck with self-loading / unloading capability, a payload trailer (M1076), and flatracks. The PLS prime mover carries payloads on flatracks or inside 8 x 8 x 20 ft International Standards Organization (ISO) containers, or shelters. The M1076 trailer, capable of carrying payloads up to 16.5 tons, is equipped with a flatrack that is interchangeable between truck and trailer. The prime mover truck and trailer form a self-contained system that loads and unloads its cargo without the need for forklifts or other material handling equipment. Without leaving the cab, the driver can load or unload the truck in less than one minute, and both truck and trailer in less than five minutes. Truck Payload = 16.5 T. Trailer Payload = 16.5 T. Driven Wheels = 10 (on the truck).

LHS Info: Load Handling System (LHS) consists of a standard HEMTT prime mover (8 x 8 foot configuration) equipped with load/unload capability and capable of transporting an 11-ton payload. LHS carries loads on flatracks and is able to tow an 11-ton payload trailer also capable of carrying flatracks. Truck Payload = 11 T. Trailer Payload = 11 T. Driven Wheels = 8 (on the truck).

27PLS / LHS Flatrack to CROP ComparisonPLS and LHS Flatrack

Nomenclature: M1077A1

Dimensions: 240 long x 96 wide x 72 high

Remarks: Wont fit inside a 20 MILVAN. Flatracks are interchangeable between the PLS and the LHS.CROP

Nomenclature: M3 CROP

Dimensions: 234 long x 92 wide x 71 high

Remarks: Will fit inside a 20 MILVAN. M3 CROP can be carried by both the PLS and the LHS.Note: Additional variations of flatracks exist (M3A1, IPF-M1). Refer to TB-55-46-2 (Equipment Characteristics) for details on these and all other pieces of equipment in the Army inventory. Available at https://www.tea.army.mil (use your AKO login).TRANSPORTATION276/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations

Reference: https://www.tea.army.mil

CROP Info: The M3 containerized roll-in/out platform (CROP) is an A-frame type flatrack which fits inside a 20-ft ISO container. CROPs are interchangeable between HEMTT LHS and the Palletized Load System.

28 CONTAINER HANDLING UNIT

HEMTT-LOAD HANDLING SYSTEM

CONTAINER ROLL-IN/OUT PLATFORM (CROP) Cargo Delivery EquipmentTRANSPORTATION286/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations

So that it can be highly mobile and capable of keeping up with the maneuver elements and operate in all weather conditions and environments, modular Transportation sections (most) are equipped with three cargo delivery tools:

The HEMTT-LHS is a standard M977 or M985 HEMTT chassis equipped with a PLS-variant load handling system. The LHS is designed for loading/unloading de-mountable cargo beds (flatracks) and 8x8x20 foot ISO container/shelter flatracks. This system introduces the capability to transport all classes of supply in a tactical environment, with the exceptions of both water, unless a water tankrack is attached, and Class III(B).

The CROP is a cargo-carrying platform (or flatrack) that may be rolled into and out of a container. It is suitable for repeated used throughout the PLS and LHS mission profiles. This improved-design flatrack is a critical enhancement to transportation operations, a key enabling system to battlefield distribution, and the cornerstone to sustainment supply velocity in the distribution pipeline.

The Container Handling Unit (CHU) is a configuration of lifting, sliding, stowing, and locking apparatus configured onto the HEMTT-LHS that enables it to self-load/unload 20 foot (or equivalent) containers. With this CHU configuration, the HEMTT-LHS interfaces with ISO-conforming containers without the use of a flatrack. The CHU has the ability to adjust to container height variants and retains full flatrack interoperability with minimal reconfiguration.29Flatrack ManagementFlatrack employment, management, and retrograde operations are the responsibility of distribution managers integrated at each echelon of support throughout the HBCT area.

Flatracks will be dispersed throughout the distribution pipeline, particularly from the HBCT rear boundary to the combat trains command post (CTCP) of a combat battalion or dispersed throughout the area of operation.

Flatrack exchange is the preferred method for retrograding flatracks from the Field Trains. The Flatrack Collection Points (FRCPs) are designated for flatrack consolidation purposes when required, and this proposed location is reported to the BSB support operations officer. TRANSPORTATION296/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations

Reference: FM 4-90.1, pg 6-25-27 highlights flatrack management at the BN/Squadron Support Area as well as at the BDE Support Area.

30Flatrack Management ResponsibilitiesIn the Brigade area and below, flatrack managers include the: FSC Distribution Platoon Leader, FSC Executive Officer, BSB SPT OPS Movement Control NCO, and the Trans Platoon Leader (from the BSBs Distribution Company)

Their responsibilities include:

Identifying a proposed flatrack collection point (FRCP) ICW the BSB DC transportation platoon leader.

Managing all common user flatracks on an area basis.

Ensuring flatrack exchange procedures are optimized using Division throughput assets as a matter of priority.TRANSPORTATION306/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations

Reference: FM 4-90.1, pg 6-27, 6-113

31Flatrack Management ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities continued:

Maximizing the use of BSB DC transportation LHSs for retrograding/back hauling flatracks from the FRCP back into the distribution pipeline.

Reporting flatrack on-hand quantity by location, status, and condition to the Transportation Branch at the Division.

Coordinating with the Division Transportation Branch for supplemental transportation support when retrograding flatracks from BSA FRCP.

TRANSPORTATION316/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planning Considerations

Reference: FM 4-90.1, pg 6-27, 6-12032Move the Modular Force TransportationPlanners and ManagersTRANSPORTATION326/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

Note: The slides that follow for planners and managers will be modified in the coming months as doctrine continues to emerge. No definitive relationship is spelled out above the BSB level in any of the FMs, however, pieces and parts of emerging doctrine have been coupled with insight taken from personnel at Fort Stewart and Fort Campbell to attempt to neatly link planners, managers, and the transportation request process.33Planners, Managers and Key TasksXXTSCSUSTXCTCMEDSustainment BaseCorpsSPO/DMCPlansOpsTransMedHR OpsFM OpsSUSTBDEXS&S CellAmmo CellSPOBSBMaint CellTrans Mgmt CellHSS CellContract Cell Dist FSC DivisionPLT HQCL III SectionCL VGen Supply SecTrans Section (IBCT only) Dist CO HQSupply PLTFuel / H20 PLTTrans PLT

Key TaskMaintain ITVTask Sustainment BrigadesExecute throughputKey TaskMaintain ITVExecute taskings received from TSC to support one or more Divisions.Key TaskMaintain ITVTask assets within the DC to execute requirements. Pass requirements that exceed capability to TSC.

Key TaskMaintain ITVExecute taskings received from Trans Mgmt Cell (SPO) Key TaskMaintain ITVUse CULT assets to execute trans requirements (HBCT)Trans Section moves one company in one lift (IBCT)Key TaskBN S4 consolidates requirements and passes to FSCDivision Trans OfficerCorps Trans OfficerMCBTRANSPORTATION336/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

References for this slide are listed individually on the slides that follow. This is just a roll-up. This is where you are going to tell them what you are going to tell them. In the slides that follow, tell them (by individual planner/manager), and then slide 32 is repeated again on slide 45 so you can tell them what you told them (review).A CULT asset is nothing more than a traditionally non-taskable asset that can be downloaded and tasked to perform a transportation mission. Examples: FMTVs in the FSCs that are on MTOE to carry life-support equipment. A lowboy in the BSB (the MTOE intent for the lowboy is to move BSBs forklifts)it may be tasked as a CULT asset to move something else for a requesting unit (FMI 4-90.1, pg. 6-22, para 6-93 thru 6-95 and personal experience with CULT assets).

34Corps / Division Transportation OfficerServes as the Corps / Division commanders principle advisor on all transportation related matters

Involved in mode planning for the Corps / Division

Falls under the Corps / Division Main Command Post diagram (under G4/Log Cell)

DTO is the senior Transportation Log Officer in the Division AO (O4 Slot)

TRANSPORTATION346/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

35Sustainment Brigade (Corps/Division) Support Operations (SPO): Provides integrated and automated C2 and planning for distribution management within the Corps/ Division AOR.

xxxXVIIIxxxVIIMother of all IntersectionsDesert Shield/Storm1991TRANSPORTATION356/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg. 3-15, para. 3-51 thru 3-54

Note that the Trans Branch has 4x trans officer slots (OIC, trans officer, hwy engineer, motor/rail trans officer), 1x warrant officer slot (mobility warrant), and 7x NCO slots (ops sgt, movement NCOs and movement supervisors). At 101st, the OIC is the only manned officer slot within the transportation branch (as of 12 APR 05). Bottom line: Its going to be some time before the branch is fleshed out and manned as designed.

Diagram based on Moving Mountains: Lessons in Leadership and Logistics from the Gulf War, LtGen William G. Pagonis.

Page 143. Based on a changed concept of the operation, XVIII Airborne Corps had to reposition further to the west to get to their initial starting points. Additionally, VII Corps had to move to its starting point at the same time. These two units would have to cross paths in order to get to their destinations. Creating an overpass was considered and due to limited engineering assets and time, abandoned. Therefore the log cell located a logical intersection between the two corps and then pieced together a movement program for US and Coalition forces, to include the transportation of fuel, equipment and supplies to sustain the troops. Once the plan was agreed upon the execution was left to the division level for execution.36Sustainment Brigade (Division) Transportation Branch Sub-unit of SPOPlans and manages movement and maintains ITV.Plans for air and surface transportation assets and maintains MSR status, automated transportation tracking, and request system.Supervised by an O4 88A.Each of the BSB traffic management officers and NCOs coordinate with the Transportation Branch when requirements exceed capability.

SPO/DMCPlansOpsTransMedHR OpsFM OpsSUSTBDEXTRANSPORTATION366/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers


37Movement NCOMovement NCO Duties:

Conduct continuous logistics preparation of the theater.

Conduct overall flatrack management within the brigade support area.

Prepare battalion movement plans and annexes in support of logistics or contingency plans.

Resolve movement priority conflicts with the support operations officer and S2/S3.TRANSPORTATION376/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg. 3-15, para. 3-54

The movement control NCO has flatrack management and status reporting responsibility to the MCO.38Movement NCOMovement NCO Duties (continued):

Coordinate subordinate unit movement requirements with EAB.Regulate MSR use requirements for unit moves.Operate movement tracking station.Coordinate movement of aerial logistics resupply. TRANSPORTATION386/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg. 3-15, para. 3-5439Transportation Plt Ldr, DC, BSBTransportation Platoon Leader:Works for Distribution Company Commander.

Receives taskings from the BN SPT OPS Section through the BSB S3.

Provides transportation support for the distribution of supplies to FSCs.

Provides transportation to Bde using 20 x LHS.Co HQFUEL/ WATERPLTTRANSPLT

SUP PLTDISTROFocus: Conduct resupply LOGPACs to the FSC's distribution assets for their LOGPAC operations and receive resupply from Corps/Division.TRANSPORTATION396/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg. 3-27, para. 3-98 thru 3-101 and pg. 6-22, para. 6-93 thru 6-95

Using 20 x LHSs, the transportation platoon provides direct transportation support to the HBCT and distributes supplies to the FSCs. The PLSs provide a mobile, flexible, and reliable capability.

The transportation platoon may mix its assets with some common user land transport (CULT) assets within the FSCs to accomplish a mission based on METT-TC. A CULT asset is nothing more than a traditionally non-taskable asset that can be downloaded and tasked to perform a transportation mission.

Examples: FMTVs in the FSCs that are on MTOE to carry life-support equipment. A lowboy in the BSB (the MTOE intent for the lowboy is to move BSBs forklifts)it may be tasked as a CULT asset to move something else for a requesting unit (FMI 4-90.1, pg. 6-22, para 6-93 thru 6-95 and personal experience with CULT assets).40Planners, Managers and Key Tasks ReviewXXTSCSUSTXCTCMEDSustainment BaseCorpsSPO/DMCPlansOpsTransMedHR OpsFM OpsSUSTBDEXS&S CellAmmo CellSPOBSBMaint CellTrans Mgmt CellHSS CellContract Cell Dist FSC DivisionPLT HQCL III SectionCL VGen Supply SecTrans Section (IBCT only) Dist CO HQSupply PLTFuel / H20 PLTTrans PLT

Key TaskMaintain ITVTask Sustainment BrigadesExecute throughputKey TaskMaintain ITVExecute taskings received from TSC to support one or more Divisions.Key TaskMaintain ITVTask assets within the DC to execute requirements. Pass requirements that exceed capability to TSC.

Key TaskMaintain ITVExecute taskings received from Trans Mgmt Cell (SPO) Key TaskMaintain ITVUse CULT assets to execute trans requirements (HBCT)Trans Section moves two companies in one lift (IBCT)Key TaskBN S4 consolidates requirements and passes to FSCDivision Trans OfficerCorps Trans OfficerMCBTRANSPORTATION406/7/2012 5:03 AMELO C Planners and Managers

Review one last timetell them what you told them.41Move the Modular ForceTransportation Units, Missions, & EmploymentTRANSPORTATION416/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Units, Missions and Employment

42Sustainment BDE Organization (101st Airborne Division--Example Only)

TRANSPORTATION426/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Units, Missions and Employment

Reference: 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Gold Book, Final Draft, dated 15 JAN 05

NOTE: The 106th Transportation Battalion is standing in as a CSSB due to METT-TC. The entire battalion is deployed to Iraq supporting OIF-III from NOV 04 through NOV 05. The 106th is split between Mosul and Anaconda, with 106th HQ, CTC, and one of the MCTs working out of Anaconda.

Pieces of 129th CSB (soon to be CSSB) are also deployed.

Note the habitual relationship that is maintained between the 102nd Petroleum Supply Company and the 541st Transportation Company (POL).

NOTE: This sustainment brigade belongs to the TSC, despite the fact that it is called the 101st Sustainment Brigade. I.E., it is only under OPCON of the 101st Airborne. This is not necessarily the logistics organization that will always support the 101st Airborne Division. Bottom line: This is and will remain a very grey area until Modular Force doctrine matures.43Mission: To relocate tracked combat vehicles in support of a heavy maneuver force. Configured in either 2 or 4 HET platoons. Equipment:

2 Platoons48 Tractors, HET48 HET, Trailer 70 T96 Tractors, HET96 Trailers, 70 T4 PlatoonsHeavy Truck Company


Reference: FM 54-30, page 10-3; FM 63-3, page 8-10; and ST 101-6, page 3-50 The combat HET companys primary role is to relocate tracked combat vehicles in support of a heavy maneuver force. Combat HET companies deploy in the early stages of theater buildup. Their evacuation role becomes secondary. Relocating and transporting tracked vehicles to the battle on HETs provide a significant advantage over road marching tracked vehicles. Tracked vehicles arrive fully fueled, armed, and operational, with rested crews. Weapon systems arrive functional and less fuel is consumed.

The basis of allocation is TBD.44Mission: To move bulk, containerized, general non-containerized cargo, and bulk POL from supply and stockage points to users.Equipment:

Container/Cgo Container/Cgo POL PLS60 trks, trac 5 T 60 trks, trac M915 60 trks, trac M915 48 PLS trucks150 semitrlrs, 22 1/2 T 120 semitrlrs, 34 T 60 tankers, 5/7.5 K gal 48 PLS trlrs 96 flat racks

Medium Truck CompanyTRANSPORTATION446/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Units, Missions and Employment

Reference: FM 54-30, pages 10-1 & 10-3; FM 63-3, page 8-10; and ST 101-6

The Medium Truck Co is the work horse on the battlefield. There are four different equipment authorizations for medium truck companies. They move containerized or general cargo, bulk fuels, or refrigerated cargo. Med Truck COs (Cargo): Employs near the TSC (specifically near the QSC). Transports general supplies (throughputs whenever possible) to the unit, pulses to the BSB, or delivers to the MSO site established by the Division Sustainment Brigade. Whenever possible, they retrograde or return loads from forward areas to the Corps or Division area . (FMI 4-90.1, pg. 6-6, para. 6-30)

POL Truck Co: Employs near and habitually supports the Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal Operating Company in the Corps or the Petroleum Supply Company in the Corps/Division. Pushes fuel directly to BSB locations. (FMI 4-90.1, pg. 6-8, para. 6-42)

Med Truck COs (PLS): Forms habitual support relationships with GS/DS ammunition companies to transport munitions from the Corps ASA to the Division ASA and ATHPs designated for the HBCTs. (FMI 4-90.1, pg. 6-37, para 6-168)45Mission: To move general and non-containerized cargo and personnel in support of Corps and Division units.

Equipment:50 x FMTV (M1083)25 x MTV Dropside Trailers (M1095)10 x Tractors (M1088)20 x 22 Ton Semi-trailer (M871)

Light/Medium Truck Company


Reference: WEBTAADS (3ID and 101st for light Division comments)

Light / Medium truck companies basis of allocation is TBD. For AOE, the basis of allocation was one per division.

Light / Medium Truck Companies will be found in the Corps / Division. They can fall directly under the Division Sustainment Brigade (as the 494th Trans Company falls under the 129th CSSB in Fort Campbell). They transport supplies from the QSC in the Corps area to the Sustainment Brigade in the Division and/or from the CSSB supply company to BSB main supply points.

They also support maneuver brigade operations, moving troops or cargo as required. For troop movement, a light / medium truck company can be expected to accommodate transportation taskings in the Division that exceed any of the FSCs capability (especially in light Divisions). For heavy Divisions, the light / medium truck company could be leaned heavily on to execute any troop movement mission that requires the use of multiple cargo trucks. 46Mission: To transfer cargo at air, rail, motor, and inland barge terminals.

Equipment:

164KALMARTrac, M915164Semitrlr, 34 T164RTFL, 10 K416RTFL, 4 K281 x Cgo Trf Plt4 x Cgo Trf PltCargo Transfer Company PLSCHUCrane (40T)1 x Cgo Trf Plt2114 x Cgo Trf Plt844*Can operate in 1 x PLT or 4 x PLT configuration.


Reference: FM 54-30, page 10-3; FM 63-3, page 8-10; and ST 101-6 (Primary terminal operator) Cargo transfer companies trans-ship cargo at air, rail, and motor terminals. They can be assigned to a Corps or Division. As an example, the 372nd CTC from the 101st Airborne Division is assigned to the Division Sustainment Brigade.

The CTC can operate in either a one or four-platoon configuration, depending on the unit authorization and a variety of other factors (availability of commissioned and noncommissioned leaders, maintenance status, etc.). Each platoon is organized to operate a terminal on a 24-hour basis.

Cargo transfer units are sequenced early in the deployment flow. They initially operate at arrival airfields, supporting combat units in the off-load and marshaling of unit equipment and unit supplies. As the operational area is expanded, cargo transfer units are echeloned forward to conduct cargo handling operations at forward mode transfer points and/or to augment division or corps operations with attached cargo handling elements tailored to the mission.

Unit personnel re-document transshipped cargo, as required. They have a limited capability for stuffing and unstuffing containers.

EQUIPMENT NOTES: Container Handling Unit (CHU). The CHU is a PLS with special apparatus that allows grasping the front end of a 20-foot container, locking onto it and pulling the container onto the back of the CHU for movement around the battlefield. The CHU can take supply packages, such as a Class IX shipment, to the individual FSCs. Note: It does not involve the use of a flat-rack.

M915/M872s: Most CTCs still have these, however, these will be replaced by the PLS (Modular Force change). Once units are fielded PLSs, they will turn in the M915/M872s that they have remaining on their books.

KALMARs: Most CTCs have fielded the KALMAR, however, a few still have DV43 (50T RTCH). Units that still have the older RTCH still have 20 and 40 spreaders on their property books as well.47FSC(MNV)MAINT...MCS/HQSMAINTSECTIONRECOVSECTARMORFMTMECHFMTENGRFMT............DISTROHQSGENSUPPLYWATERCL V...........FIELDFEEDING..HQ..Heavy Brigade Combat Team(Organic Log Support)230 (x2)X

BTB

BSBHHCDistroMaintMedFSC(ARS)FSC(FIRES)37001321146 (406)8177171771431373:1 tooth to tail!FSC(MNV)FSC(MNV)Transportation Mission:The Brigade Support Battalion (BSB) distributes supply Classes I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and IX. It carries the sustainment stocks that exceed the organic carrying capability for the brigades three replenishment loads for high intensity operations.TRANSPORTATION476/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Units, Missions and Employment

Reference: 1CD LOG CONF DRAFT 12 Sep 05 and Ch. 11, Sustainment Brigade Organizational & Operational Concepts White Paper, pg. F-72, A.1, line 5-11

48Transportation PLT Mission, Distribution Co, BSB Co HQFUEL/WATERPLTTRANSPLT

SUP PLTDISTRO Provide direct transportation support to the brigade. Provide distribution support of supplies to the FSCs. Equipment:T93761 (Trailer: PLS) x 20T96496 (Truck: Cargo-LHS) x 20



The primary focus of the trans plt leader in a tactical scenario is conducting resupply LOGPACs to the FSCs distribution assets for their own LOGPAC operations and receiving resupply from Division / Corps.

Although the trans PL works for the DC CDR, he receives taskings from the battalion Support Operations Section.

Trans PLTs (from the Distro Company in the BSB): Authorized 42 x 88Ms. Has 20 x LHS and a C2 vehicle.

49Employment (Modular Move)Modularity Support ConceptThroughput Modular Units/CapabilitySustainment BaseDivision SUSTXIFSCBSBIIBSBIIBSBIIIFSCIFSCIFSCXXTSCSUSTX

CTCLT/MEDMEDPOLHETDCDCDCCorpsMCBTRANSPORTATION496/7/2012 5:03 AMELO A Units, Missions and Employment

Reference: Ch. 11, Sustainment Brigade Organizational & Operational Concepts White Paper, pg. F-32

Note: None of the FMs identify exactly what units will be found at the Corps and Division area (although FMI 4-90.1, pg. 6-6, Figure 6-2 identifies dry cargo associated with a transportation company). Until FM 55-30 is replaced with FMI 4-01.40 (estimated draft date SEP 05), were still using Medium Truck Companies (POL, PLS, Cargo), LT/MED, HET, and CTCs as the primary Corps / Division trans units on the battlefield.

Light Division: Dont forget that the FSCs have a trans section as well in light Divisions. This section has the capability to conduct troop transport when aircraft are down or the weather prevents air assault operations.50Move the Modular Force Transportation Movement Requests (TMR)TRANSPORTATION506/7/2012 5:03 AMELO B Transportation Request Process

Intentionally blank.51TMR Process (Step by Step)XXTSCSUSTXCTCMEDSustainment BaseCorpsSPO/DMCPlansOpsTransMedHR OpsFM OpsSUSTBDEXS&S CellAmmo CellSPOBSBMaint CellTrans Mgmt CellHSS CellContract Cell Dist FSC DivisionPLT HQCL III SectionCL VGen Supply SecTrans Section (IBCT only) Dist CO HQSupply PLTFuel / H20 PLTTrans PLT

Mission ExecutedTMRTaskingMCBCSSBMEDHETTRANSPORTATION516/7/2012 5:03 AMELO B Transportation Request Process

This slide is automated so that arrows pop up and disappear by level.

From the CTCP, the request goes to the FSC. If the FSCs Trans Section can support the request, it executes the TMR. If not, the request goes to the Trans Management Cell of the BSB (part of the SPO section).

If the trans management cell talks to the distribution company (specifically the trans platoon within the Distro Company) and they can support the request, the trans platoon executes the TMR. NOTE: if the request is for a forklift or a lowboy, another element within the distribution company may execute the TMR.

If the BSB cannot execute the mission, it is forwarded directly to the TSC. Note: there are concerns about BSBs being able to communicate with TSCs in theatersome of this may evolve when sustainment brigades establish a habitual relationship in theater with a Division. For now, the request goes to the TSC, who looks across the theater and identifies a sustainment brigade to support the mission. The sustainment brigade that gets tasked may or may not be the sustainment brigade that habitually supports the Division or that is located nearest to it.52TMR Process (Summary)XXTSCSUSTXCTCMEDSustainment BaseCorpsSPO/DMCPlansOpsTransMedHR OpsFM OpsSUSTBDEXS&S CellAmmo CellSPOBSBMaint CellTrans Mgmt CellHSS CellContract Cell Dist FSC DivisionPLT HQCL III SectionCL VGen Supply SecTrans Section (IBCT only) Dist CO HQSupply PLTFuel / H20 PLTTrans PLT

Mission ExecutedTMRTaskingMCBCSSBMEDHETTRANSPORTATION526/7/2012 5:03 AMELO B Transportation Request Process

This slide is automated so that arrows pop up and disappear by level.

From the CTCP, the request goes to the FSC. If the FSCs Trans Section can support the request, it executes the TMR. If not, the request goes to the Trans Management Cell of the BSB (part of the SPO section).

If the trans management cell talks to the distribution company (specifically the trans platoon within the Distro Company) and they can support the request, the trans platoon executes the TMR. NOTE: if the request is for a forklift or a lowboy, another element within the distribution company may execute the TMR.

If the BSB cannot execute the mission, it is forwarded directly to the TSC. Note: there are concerns about BSBs being able to communicate with TSCs in theatersome of this may evolve when sustainment brigades establish a habitual relationship in theater with a Division. For now, the request goes to the TSC, who looks across the theater and identifies a sustainment brigade to support the mission. The sustainment brigade that gets tasked may or may not be the sustainment brigade that habitually supports the Division or that is located nearest to it.53

54Move the Modular ForceMovement ControlTRANSPORTATION546/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: FM 4-01.30

Note: This reference is documented as a reliable reference for Movement Control in FMI 4-90.1. [Not sure if FM 4-01.30 is on the revision list to fully address emerging doctrine post-2003.]55Movement Control Planning, routing, scheduling, controlling, coordination, and in-transit visibility of personnel, units, equipment, and supplies moving over LOCs.Commitment of allocated transportation assets according to command planning directives.

Movement Tracking System (MTS)TRANSPORTATION556/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: FM 4-01.30, pg. 1.1, para. 1-1

Movement control is an ongoing effort that synchronizes logistics efforts. It is a tool that is used to help allocate resources based on the combatant commanders priorities and to balance requirements against capabilities (para. 1-1).

56

Movement Control MissionsHighway RegulationPlanning and de-conflicting movements on road networks.Performed by MCTs, Trans Branch, Movements Personnel, and HBCT S4s.TRANSPORTATION566/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: FM 4-01.30, pg. 8-1, para 8-1 thru 8-3

Note: Highway regulation is: The responsibility of commanders on an area basis. Performed by MCB (working to clarify their role under modularity), Trans Branch, and HBCT S4.57Highway RegulationProvides order, prevents congestion, and enforces movement priorities.

Responsibility of the MCB in the Corps/Division area and the HBCT S-4 in the brigade area.

The goal is to sustain movements according to the commanders priorities and to make the most effective and efficient use of the road networks.The highway regulation plandescribes the MSR network andestablishes control measures to promote effective regulation.The traffic circulation plan is an overlay of the MSR network,which shows all MSRs/ASRs,checkpoints, highway regulationpoints, route names, direction of travel, boundaries, and principalsupply activities.TRANSPORTATION576/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: FM 4-01.30, pg. 8-2 thru 8-3

Highway Regulation Plan- text

Traffic Circulation Plan- picture / overlay / diagram58Movement Control Missions Movements ProgrammingUsed to pre-plan both known and anticipated transportation requirements for reception, onward movement, and sustainment.

Performed by Transportation Branch and Traffic Management Coordinators.

TRANSPORTATION586/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities


Note: The movement program is used to preplan anticipated transportation requirements for movement and flow of units, personnel, material, and sustainment supplies. During the movement planning process, movement planners allocate available transportation resources based on the commanders priorities.59Movement ProgramPreplans both known and anticipated transportation requirements for reception, onward movement, and sustainment.

A command directive prepared by the MCB and the Transportation Branch.

Available transportation resources are allocated based on the commanders priorities.

Serves as authority to commit transportation assets.TRANSPORTATION596/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities


A movement program is very much like a ridiculously large and ever-changing synchronization matrix with movement missions and priorities identified. An example:Units in OIF1 left MILVANs, some forklifts, and other stuff in Kuwait, thinking they would be back in 60 days or so. When word came that units would remain in country for a year, units scrambled to request movement of their equipment from its location in Kuwait to where ever they were (Baghdad, Mosul) in country. Trans units in Kuwait added all these requests to their existing movement program (that already included onward movement of newly arrived units) and executed them according to priority.

60Movement Synchronization ComponentsMovement Control: Planning, routing, scheduling, controlling, coordination, and ITV of personnel, units, equipment, and supplies moving over LOCs. Commitment of allocated transportation assets according to command planning directives.

Maneuver Control: Movement of forces supported by fire to achieve a position of advantage from which to destroy the enemy.

Battlefield Circulation Control: Ensuring combat personnel, equipment, and supplies move smoothly, quickly, and with little interference on MSRs. It includes route reconnaissance and surveillance, enforcement of highway regulation, straggler and refugee control, and information dissemination.TRANSPORTATION606/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities


Movement control: Logisticians

Maneuver control: Tacticians61Movement Control BattalionMission: Provide centralized movement control and highway regulation for moving personnel and materiel into, within, and out of the Corps and Division area. It also ensures effective and efficient use of available transportation capability. MCTMCBMCTMCTHighway Traffic SectionMCTPP&OS2/3TRANSPORTATION616/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: Modularity brief for the 53rd MCB Movement Control ConferenceAn example of the various MCTs that may fall under the MCB330th MCBThe 261st Movement Control Team (Moving Regulating) The 329th Movement Control Team (Port) The 592nd Movement Control Team (Division Support) augments the Division Transportation Office The 609th Movement Control Team (Area) The 613th Movement Control Team (Division Support) (Fort Campbell) The 620th Movement Control Team (Division Support) (Fort Drum) The 610th Movement Control Team (Area) operates in support of inland transfer points The 51st Movement Control Team (Division Support) (Hunter Army Airfield) The 632nd Movement Control Team (Movement Regulating) (Fort Campbell)

1-MAJ (88A)1-CPT (88A)1-1LT (42B)1-1LT (70K67)1-W3 (882A)1-SSG (68J)2-SSG (88N)3-SGT (88N)1-SPC (88M)3-SPC (88N)3-PFC (88N)Movement ControlTeam (Port)4-1-13Movement ControlTeam (Area)1-1-11Movement RegulatingTeam (MRT)4-0-12Cargo DocumentationTeam 0-0-8Div Support MovementControl Team1-1-51-CPT (88A)1-W2 (882A)1-SSG (88N)1-SGT (88N)2-SPC (88N)1-PFC (88N)1-CPT (88A)1-W2 (882A)1-SFC (88N)2-SSG (88N)2-SGT (88N)1-SPC (88M)3-SPC (88N)2-PFC (88N)1-CPT (88A)3-1LT (88B) 1-SFC (88N)4-SSG (88N)2-SGT (88N)3-SPC (88N)2-PFC (88N)2-SSG (88N)2-SGT (88N)2-SPC (88N)2-PFC (88N)62Movement Control Teams (in the MCB)MCT Design1-CPT (88A)2-1LT (88A)1-SFC (88N)1-SPC (88N)1-SSG (88N)1-SGT (88N)1-SPC (88N)1-PFC (88N)

1-SSG (88N)1-SGT (88N)1-SPC (88N)1-PFC (88N)



Movement ControlTeam (MCT)3-0-18

Organization Mission Mission: To perform movement control functions at a port (sea/air),a geographical area, transshipmentpoints or operate regulating points.

Capabilities: - Expedite port clearance (PAX/cargo).- Coordinate/regulate highway movement- Provides ITV- Commits mode operators- Resolves movement conflicts

TTP1TTP2PossibleMCT locationsPODCKP2MSR PorscheMSR JeepMSR FordTRANSPORTATION626/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: CASCOM Modularity Brief for 53rd MCB

Note: The MCT layout depicted above is what is being worked towardit is not necessarily what youll see for the next 1-2 years.

Create a Truly Modular Design Capable of Split-Based Operations

Ease planning for Movement Control Operations

Incorporated Lessons Learned from OEF & OIF63Movement Control Teams (Responsibilities)Expedite, coordinate, and monitor transportation support on an area basis or at a transportation terminal.

Enable decentralized execution of movement responsibilities.

Assist commanders in movement planning.TRANSPORTATION636/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: FM 4-01.30, Appendix D, pg. D-14 thru D-24

64Movement Control Missions (ITV)Continually update the location of units, equipment, personnel, and supplies as they travel within the transportation system.

Enable movement control units to answer the commanders information needs.

- Assured communications are essential.

- Movement Tracking System (MTS) provides the needed ITV/situational awareness that enhances flexibility and responsiveness.TRANSPORTATION646/7/2012 5:03 AMELO E Movement Control Missions, Organizations and Activities

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg. 6-23, para 6-99 thru 6-101

More information on MTS follows in the Enablers section.

65First Destination Report PointThe FDRP is a point established near a boundary or along a MSR that diverts drivers and cargo to an alternate consignee or destination.

The FDRP is manned by a movement regulating team, a movement control team, or military police.

KuwaitIraqMSR TampaCSC NavstarCFLCCCJTF-7CSC ScaniaMNB-CS1ADTRANSPORTATION656/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations


Best example of a FDRP being used in OIF right now is NAVSTAR, just south of the Iraq border in Kuwait (south of Basrah).

Although the HBCT is digitized, a FDRP is routinely required since other supporting units, host nation elements, and/or contractors lack digital equipment.

Optimally, both the HBCT and supporting EAB headquarters have representatives located at the FDRP continuously.

66First Destination Report Point TasksTrack location of critical supplies.Perform movement control functions.Provide instructions to convoys.Provide and receive latest intelligence.Reroute convoys/vehicles.Provide information on routes and weather.Establish brigade "light line" for black-out driving.Provide a linkup point for armed convoy escort vehicles.



67Move the Modular ForceTransportation Automation and EnablersTRANSPORTATION676/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Enablers

Intentionally blank68TC-AIMS II

TC-AIMS II supports unit deployments/movements, convoy planning, and transportation requirements estimating.

TC-AIMS II manages the tactical-wheeled fleet.

The unit move module of TC-AIMS II has four basic functions:Store unit personnel and equipment information.Maintain deployment information and plan and schedule deployments.Manipulate/update information for convoy, rail, and air load planning and personnel manifesting. Allow units to update their operational equipment list (OEL) and unit deployment list (UDL) and to electronically send the updates through the chain of command to the installation transportation office (ITO).Transportation Coordinators Automated Information for Movement System IITRANSPORTATION686/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Enablers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg 6-22, para. 6-96 thru 6-9869BCS3Battle Command Sustainment Support SystemBCS3 provides logistics status and information in support of CSS planning and operations.

Provides critical, timely, integrated and accurate automated logistics information.

Provides the latest status of critical weapon systems, fuel, ammo, personnel, and assets.TRANSPORTATION696/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Enablers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg. 9-15, para. 9-76 and Appendix A70BCS3 Support BCS3 gives logisticians the ability to:

Locate convoys and drill down on their supply increments to individual TCN, DODDAC, or requisition number.

Build march credits, de-conflict convoy routes, produce Gantt charts, and track movements using ITV.

Share relevant movement information with the maneuver commander during the military decision making process with a COA analysis and execution tool using a current and future running estimate.

Example Gantt chartTRANSPORTATION706/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Enablers

Gantt chart is an example, not from BCS3, but it should get the point across. Events are shown in relation to time and their length of time for each is reflected in the length of the bar.71

BCS3

SBCT Combat Power

Battlefield Update BriefsITVSVRLIDBSVRILAPSVR

RF IDIRIDIUM

MTS/DTRACS

VISTAR/PANA-TRACKER

BCS3Modular, Scalable, Versatile

FUELSAAS(AMMO)

SAMS(CL IX))SARSS(SSA)MUREP(USMC AMMO)JMARS(MEDICAL)NON-STANDARD PARTS(STRYKER)E-MILPOLDataSyncGuardBCS3National ServerNIPRNET

SIPRNET

BCS3National Server

GATES/GDSS

GTN 21

WPSTRANSPORTATION716/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Enablers

On the battlefield the logistician using the same map-centric view can locate convoys, drill down on their supply increments and thru ITV, query spreadsheets of supplies to individual TCN, DODDAC or requisition number.

And when planning for and executing movements BCS3 has a module that will build march credits, de-conflict convoy routes, produce Gantt charts and track the movements using the ITV view mentioned earlier.

Armed now with this ability to intuitively see the logistics pipe line in preparation for RSOI and during battlefield operations, BCS3 also provides the logistician the capability to share relevant readiness information to the maneuver commander during the military decision making process with a COA analysis and execution tool and with the current and future running estimate, a SLANT report if you will, provided to the MCS on their screen.

72FBCB2Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and BelowSituational Awareness (SA) system linked to GPS that is found in most C2 platforms, TOCs/CPs, and many transportation assets.

Capable of messaging, orders, overlays, alerts, requests, and fires.

TRANSPORTATION726/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Enablers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg. 9-15, para. 9-77 and Appendix A73Movement Tracking System (MTS)MTS is a global positioning system that can identify the position, track the progress, and communicate with the operators of tactical wheeled vehicles anywhere.

MTS is a satellite-based tracking/communication system consisting of a mobile unit mounted in a vehicle and a base unit controlled/ monitored by movement control and mode operators. MTS provides real-time, in-transit visibility of vehicles and cargo within a theater.

MTS has a movement control capability that improves trafficability on MSRs and reduces the potential for fratricide.

Since all tactical wheeled vehicles do not have MTS installed, it is important to place vehicles with MTS in the front, rear, and center of a convoy.

TRANSPORTATION736/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Enablers

Reference: FMI 4-90.1, pg 6-23, para 6-99 thru 10174Move the Modular ForceAerial ResupplyTRANSPORTATION746/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations

Intentionally blank.75Aerial ResupplyTypes of Resupply RequestsFrequent (routine)Determined in advanceUrgent (emergency)Unanticipated, urgent, or priority movement requirementsMethods of ResupplyAirdrop Operations (USAF)Primary means for responding to immediate requestsBypass contaminated areas Airland Operations (USAF)Airfield to airfield (or airstrip)Sling Load Operations (Army Air)Expedite the movement of priority cargoSupport outposts and split based operations


76Move the Modular ForcePlanning Considerations for Offense, Defense, Urban, and Counterinsurgency OperationsTRANSPORTATION766/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations

Intentionally blank.77Supporting Offensive OperationsUpload as much as possibleReduce vulnerability of thin-skinned vehicles (Harden)Extended supply lines increase delivery and turn around timesMaximize use of preplanned and preconfigured push packagesUse airlift resupply for units not accessible by surface transportation.TRANSPORTATION776/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations

Reference: FM 54-30, pages 10-11 and 10-12 (Validate) Offensive Operations: Forward delivery results in large numbers of transportation assets far forward in the Division area. Cargo vehicles, petroleum tankers, and ammo carriers are thin-skinned vehicles, vulnerable to small arms fire. Small enemy ground or air forces can easily decimate transportation assets.78Supporting Defensive OperationsDelivery and turnaround times decrease.Supplies are moved to successive defensive positions.Ammunition expenditures and barrier materials increase, while fuel decreases.TRANSPORTATION786/7/2012 5:03 AMELO D Planning Considerations

Reference : (Validate)

Defensive Operations: Delivery and turnaround time decrease as truck units move stockpiles of supplies to successive fallback defensive positions. While fuel requirements decrease, ammunition expenditures increase. Trucks also need to transport increased quantities of barrier and fortification materials.79Supporting Urban WarfareMovement control is more complex. Civilian foot / vehicle traffic may interfere with operations.Routes within an urban area can be denied easily.Force protection of logistics nodes and convoys is more difficult in urban areas (3-levels to worry about). Smaller resupply vehicles (HEMTT/PLS) may be in greater demand than tractor-trailers. Use pre-configured loads or push packages to increase response time and decrease delivery time.



4th bullet: 3-levels to worry about)1st level: ground leveldriver eye-level2nd level: sky leveltwo, three, four story buildings offer cover and concealment for snipers, observers, etc.3rd level: sub-levelsewer systems, man-holes, underground facilities for enemy to move undetected.80Supporting Counterinsurgency OperationsKey to successful transportation operations during counterinsurgency operations is PREPARATIONConsider convoy planning preparationsPrepare detailed mission briefsRehearse battle drillsConsider convoy organizationHarden vehiclesImprove vehicle-mounted weapon systems


Reference: FM 3-07.22 (Counterinsurgency Operations), pages 6-2 thru 6-6, paragraphs 6-12 thru 6-30

Consider convoy planning preparations: for example, dispersion of combat lifesavers throughout the convoy; designating aid/litter teams; planning air guard; conducting route recon; planning medical coverage; utilizing window screens to deflect enemy hand-held/thrown explosives.

Prepare detailed mission briefs: include friendly, enemy, route, actions before/during/after contact, battle drills, safety considerations, dispersion, intervals, speeds, etc.

Rehearse/modify/create battle drills: react to route blocked, react to civil disturbance, air attack, sniper, ambush, IED/mines, debris in road, breakdowns, traffic jam/detours.

Consider convoy organization: scout, head, main body, trail, inclusion of civilian/host nation vehicles, placement of gun trucks, security, commo, FBCB2/MTS, medic, maintenance/recovery assets.

Harden vehicles: sandbags, up-armor kits, locally purchased metal fabrication, kevlar blankets, etc.

Improve vehicle-mounted weapon systems: must achieve well-aimed, overwhelming fire. Modify weapons systems mounting kits to provide maximum protection to gunners, crew, passengers. Doesnt have to be pretty as long as its effective.

81Move the Modular ForceQuestions and Lessons Learned DiscussionTRANSPORTATION816/7/2012 5:03 AM

Transportation

Documents

Transcript of Transportation