TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN LIVING ORGANISMORGANISM

SMPK PENABUR

JAKARTA

PLANT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMPart 1

A. PLANT TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• Transport tissue?

• Where?

A. 1. Water Transport

• Water liquid matter

• Affected by environment

– Moist condition = in

– Dry condition = out

TRANSPIRATION

– Dry condition = out

• Soil plant cell = diff [ ]

• Concentration?

• Solute move from [high] [low] = diffusion• Solute move from [high] [low] = diffusion

• Solvent move from [low] [high] = osmosis

Semipermeablemembrane

Semipermeable Membrane

• Certain molecule, such as water

• As traffic control

• Ex: cell membrane

• Solvent?

• Solute?

Path of Water

Root Hair

osmosis

Epider-mis

CortexEndoder

-misPerisikel Xylem

From root to leaves?

• Capillarity of the stem• Capillary pipe

• Affected by cohesion and adhesion

• Leaves surface tension• Leaves surface tension

– Transpiration

– Used by leaves pull water from xylem

A. 2. Nutrition Transport• Needed by?

• Nutrition = sugar, amino acids

• From leaves to all parts?

HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMPart 2

B. Human Circulatory System

• Carry?

• Consist of:

– Blood circulation– Blood circulation

– Lymphatic system

• Lymphatic organs

• Lymphatic vessels

B.1. Blood

• Consist of:

– RBC

– WBC

– Plasma 50%– Plasma 50%

B.1.1 RBC

• Contain Hb

• Merah cerah = O2

• Merah keunguan = CO2

• Oxygen transported into all cells

• In cell oxygen is de-attached from Hb

• Absorbed by diffusion

• RBC reformation billirubin (in liver)

B.1.2. WBC

B.1.2. WBC

• Lymphocyte– Lypmh

– Round shape-nucleus

– Cytoplasm don’t have any granule

– Make antibody– Make antibody

• Phagocyte– Bone marrow

– Irregular shape

– Can flow fr blood vessel

– Have nucleus

B.1.3. Platelets

• Produced by Red bone marrow

• Pinched-off cytoplasmic fragments of specialized bone marrow cells

• No nucleus, no granule• No nucleus, no granule

• Vary in shape and sizes

• 150-400k/mm3 blood

• For: blood clotting

Blood Clotting

B.1.4. Blood Plasma

• Mostly water

• Pale yellow

• Contains:

– Protein– Protein

– food substance

– blood cell

B.1.Blood-Function

• As a transport system

• Maintain body temperature

• Protect body

B.1.Blood Type

Blood Type Agglutinogen/Antigen Agglutinin

A A Anti-B

B B Anti-A

AB A and B -

O - Anti A and B

Aglutinogen, aglutinin?

B.1. Blood Type-Rhesus

Karl Landsteiner & Alexander Wiener

• Antiserum agglutinate ur blood = Rh+

• Can lead serious medical complications• Can lead serious medical complications

• Mother-fetus incompability

• Baby?

– Jaundiced

– Fevered

– Quite swollen– Quite swollen

– Enlarged liver and spleen

CIRCULATORY ORGANSPart 3

C.1. HEART

• As a pump

• Four parts:

– Right atrium

– Left atrium– Left atrium

– Right ventricle

– Left ventricle

• Left atrium & left ventricle = bicuspid

• Right atrium & right ventricle = tricuspid

cleft Function

?

The Heart

• It is about the size of a closed fist

• It weighs about 300 g

• It is made up of special muscles which contract and relaxwhich contract and relax

• It pumps throughout a lifetime, at about 70 times a minute

• Section heart: 4 chambers and 4 valves

• Upper chambers atrium, lower chambers ventricles

The chambers• Atria push blood into ventricles and then

ventricles push blood out of heart.

• Ventricles require greater force force to push blood, so it have thicker walls than atria

• Muscular wall called septum, separates left • Muscular wall called septum, separates left side and right side

The valves• Atrio-ventricular valves- Lie between atria and

ventricle.- Tricuspid on the right side- Bicuspid on the left side

• Semilunar valves: lie between left ventricle and aorta; between right ventricle and pulmonary arterypulmonary artery

They act as doors, ensure blood flow in one direction and prevent it from flowing backwards

Heart work

• Two atrium deflate, two ventricle inflate

– Blood from atrium to ventricle

• Two ventricle shrivelled, two atrium expanded

– Right ventricle = to lung– Right ventricle = to lung

– Left ventricle = to other parts

– From lung = right atrium

– Other parts = left arium

• They take a rest for short time

Rich CO2 (fr

all over the

body)

Two vena cava

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Arteripulmonalis

Rich O2 (fr

lung)

Vena pulmon

alis

Left atrium

Left ventricle

AortaAll over

the body

C.2. Blood Vessel

• Artery

– Largest = aorta

– Bring oxygen rich blood from left ventricle to all over the bodyover the body

– Smaller vessel = arteries

– Smallest vessel = capillary vessel

• Vein

The blood vessels• Blood vessels form a network of tubes to bring

blood around our body.

• 2+1 types of blood vessels

Blood pressure

• 120/80

• 120 systole

– Ventricle contracts

• 80 diastole• 80 diastole

– Ventricle relaxes

BLOOD CIRCULATIONPart 4

• Closed circulatory system

• Blood pass heart twice = double circulation

A. Pulmonary Circulation

• Heart – lungs – heart

1. to the superior and inferior vena cava,

2. then to the right atrium2. then to the right atrium3. through the tricuspid valve4. to the right ventricle5. through the pulmonic valve6. to the pulmonary artery7. to the lungs

B. Systemic Circulation

• Heart – all over the body – heart

The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then flows from the lungs:1. to the pulmonary veins1. to the pulmonary veins2. to the left atrium3. through the mitral valve4. to the left ventricle5. through the aortic valve6. to the aorta7. to the body

DISEASES IN HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Part 5

1. Hypertension: blood pressure > normal

2. Hypotension: blood pressure < normalpressure < normal

3. Anemia: erythrocytes < normal

•Men < 13,5 g/100ml•Women < 12 g/100ml• caused by either a decrease in

production of red blood cells or hemoglobin, or an increase in loss or destruction of red blood cells.

4. Sickle Cell Anemia

• Hemoglobin becomes defective and causes the RBC to change the shape

• Normal HgbA sickle HgbS

blood cells.

5. Thalassemia

– erythrocytes easily damaged

– Abnormal Hb

– inherited

6. Leukemia = cancer of the blood cells

When you have leukemia, the bone marrow starts to make a lot of abnormal white blood cells, called leukemia cells. They don't do the work of normal white blood cells. They grow faster than normal cells, and they don't stop growing when they should.

7. Leukocytosis

8. Leukopenia: leucocytes < normal

9. Thrombocytopenia: reduce thrombocytes or platelets

10. Varices: enlargement of vein at legs

• 11. arteriosclerosis: thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall.

• 12. Atherosclerosis: plaque (plak) builds up • 12. Atherosclerosis: plaque (plak) builds up inside arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

13. Heart Attack

•Myocardinal infaction

•Unthreated atherosclerosis

•The damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage of one or more coronary arteries, which supply arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

14. Stroke

•the death of nervous tissue in the brain due to a lack of O

• result from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head