Transmission of dispatchable solar energy from North Africa to Central Europe · 2013. 12. 12. ·...

Transmission of dispatchable solar energy from North Africa to Central Europe Dipl.-Ing. Denis Hess (DLR)

Rabat, 28.10.2013

Source: Hess, D. (2013):

Fernübertragung regelbarer Solarenergie

von Nordafrika nach Mitteleuropa

Systems Analysis &

Technology Assessment

http://www.dlr.de/tt


import of dispatchable

renewable energy

HVDC

point-to-point

HVDC

point-to-point

import of dispatchable

renewable energy

decentralized renewable energies (RE) and storages

large power plants of dispatchable renewable

energies

feeding point into the AC grid

balancing authority

area

distribution network

AC

transmission network

AC

10.8 mio. inhabitants, 80 TWh/y - in the year 2012 Source: (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg)

Examination area

~ 100 % RE

Systems Analysis &



Examination area – Baden-Württemberg (BW)

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg






Paradigm change in the load range

base load

mid-load

peak load

base load

mid-load

peak load

residual load with

dispatchable RE

feeding of

fluctuating RE

residual load with

dispatchable RE

feeding of

fluctuating RE

in the year 2012 in BW until the year 2050

Pow

er

[MW

]

100% RE

su

mm

er

win

ter

Pow

er

[MW

]

Pow

er

[MW

]

Pow

er

[MW

]

week in summer week in summer

week in winter week in winter

Systems Analysis &




Renewable energies for Baden-Württemberg

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

scenario1

scenario2

scenario1

scenario2

scenario1

scenario2

18% 40% 55% 55% 70% 70% 95% 95%

2012 2022 2025 2030 2050

ins

tall

ed

ca

pa

cit

y [

MW

]

Photovoltaics

Wind Onshore

Wind Offshore

River Runoff

Pump Storage, CAES

Hydrogen Storage

Gas Turbines

Combined Cycle

Coal Plants

Nuclear Plants

Lignite Plants

Import Hydro

Wood, Biogas

Biomass, Waste

Geothermal

Import CSP

peak Load

share of RE

year

The decision for scenario 2 is already TODAY necessary! Systems Analysis &




Time series of power production by type of power plant

Systems Analysis &




System problems in Baden-Württemberg in the year 2050 with 95% renewable energy (RE) in electricity supply

installed capacity: 55 GW

Today, the decision must be made specifically for the choice of one way!

installed capacity: 35 GW

2050

95% RE

Quo vadis?

production surpluses dependence

of gas

Two scenarios for the year 2050, each with 95% renewable energies for the electricity supply in Baden-Württemberg

with dispatchable energy on

demand -> ideal power mix

Systems Analysis &




Transmission of dispatchable solar energy: CSP-HVDC site

co-

firing

CSP - collectors

average utilization 6200 h/y

land area ~ 150 km²

turbine

heat storage

2200 MWel,gross (17 x 130 MW)

1700 MWel,net (17 x 100 MW)

generator converter

converter

2600km HVDC

1700 MWel,gross

1500 MWel,net

9,3 TWh/y

feeding point into the

AC grid

DNI

heat / steam

mechanics

Alternating Current - AC

Direct Current - DC

transmission

DNI: Direct Normal Irradiance CSP: Concentrating Solar Power HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current

Systems Analysis &




no exclusion

1

2

exclusion

Exclusion areas DNI potential

CSP model sites in Morocco

settlements

protected areas

water

agriculture and forest

slope (>2%)

dunes

The economic CSP potenital in the northern part of Morocco is at about 8450 TWh/y with 18500 km² CSP gross land demand -> one site with 150 km² needs only 0.8% of this potential

[kWh/m²y]

Model sites only, no planification!

Systems Analysis &




First design of the CSP-HVDC site, cost and land requirements

-> 9.32 TWh/a

16-23 billion € (real 2010)

feasible until 2024

MOR-E-F-D

HVDC 2600 km

1.7 GW / 1.5 GWnet

1,9 – 5,1 billion €

150 km²

CSP 2.2 GW

CSP 12 -18 billion €

150 km²

MOR-E-F-D

HVDC 2300 km

1.7 GW / 1.5 GWnet

3,7 – 4,9 billion €

75km²

CSP 2.2 GW

CSP 12 -18 billion €

150 km²

O&M:

4-5 €Cent/kWh

LCOE:

12-15 €Cent/kWh

Marrakesh (Mar)

Missour (Mis)

Daxlanden (Dax)

Eichstetten (Eic)

EEZ sea borders

Systems Analysis &




Adequate permanent payment for the required land

protective strip

covered

area mast base (grey)

Restriction of agriculture through the mast base (blue)

70 m + pole - pole

safety conductor

+ pole - pole

safety conductor

Overhead line

4 m

Underground cable

€𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝑻𝑾𝒉 ∙ 𝒎² ∙ 𝒚

unit

cheaper overhead line and more expensive underground cable can reach through this compensation payment cost neutrality within their lifetime!

free choice of technology is made possible -> increased acceptance

Systems Analysis &




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90M

is-E

ic o

ve

rhea

d

Mis

-Eic

ca

ble

Ma

r-D

ax o

ve

rhe

ad

Ma

r-D

ax c

ab

le

Mis

-Eic

ove

rhea

d

Mis

-Eic

ca

ble

Ma

r-D

ax o

ve

rhe

ad

Ma

r-D

ax c

ab

le

Mis

-Eic

ove

rhea

d

Mis

-Eic

ca

ble

Ma

r-D

ax o

ve

rhe

ad

Ma

r-D

ax c

ab

le

Mis

-Eic

overh

ead

Mis

-Eic

ca

ble

Ma

r-D

ax o

ve

rhe

ad

Ma

r-D

ax c

ab

leMorocco Spain France Germany

mio

. €

/y

annual income for the nationsand their municipalites from theconcession fee

annual income for the nationsand their municipalites from taxof the motivation payment

annual income for thelandowners from the motivationpayment

annual income for thelandowners from the decreasingvalue

Annual income for the concerned nations, their municipalities and landowners (riparians) – each time with 4 routes

Today only the blue value is paid for the construction of transmission lines in Germany ONCE!

0.67 – 1.56 €𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑘𝑊ℎ

costs for the consumers

incl. CSP plant

~40 €𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑚²𝑦

Cp.: agricultural profit in BW*: ~ 8 €𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑚²𝑦

Source:*Landwirtschaftliche Betriebsverhältnisse und Buchführungsergebnisse 2012 Systems Analysis &




The trafic light model of the decision ways

2014

2015

2019

2016

2024

2013

year

Systems Analysis &




Time limit for a decision

Systems Analysis &




How can the investment be paid that low interests incur and thus the capital costs remain low?

Investment:

16-23 billion € capital costs

we need:

garantees

e.g.: AAA,

Power Purchase

Agreement (PPA)

we need:

a short capital

repayment period

In a european electricity market all

consumers profit from constant

cheap electricity

-> apportionment of the tariff on a

high number of consumers

The tariff will be high but only for

a short time

Systems Analysis &




Tariff of the CSP-HVDC site Mis-Eic with underground cable - How can 16 billion € be paid that low interests incur and thus the capital costs remain low?

Systems Analysis &




How can 16 billion € be paid that low interests incur and thus the capital costs remain low?

-10 €

-8 €

-6 €

-4 €

-2 €

0 €

2 €

4 €

1 2 5 10 15 20 30 40

bill

ion

Capital repayment period [y]

Savings (black) and additional costs (red) accumulated in 40 years versus dispatchable fossil fuels (coal / gas)

interests = 9,9% discount rate = 1,3%

Systems Analysis &




Conclusions

• For an electricity system with ~100% RE dispatchable renewable energy is

necessary

• Only CSP with a new HVDC point-to-point infrastructure can enable an

export of dispatchable renewable energy form North Africa to Europe

• A CSP plant with 150 km² needs only 0.8% of the potential in the northern

part of Morocco

• The investment costs are at about 16-23 billion € for CSP and HVDC

• If we decide in 2013/2014 the project could be feasible until 2025

• Due to the compensation costs for the required land area, overhead

transmission lines and underground cables can reach cost neutrality

• To avoid high capital costs garantees (AAA, PPA) and a short capital

repayment period are needed

Systems Analysis &




Transmission of dispatchable solar energy from North Africa to Central Europe Communication platform for online public participation: First ideas

Systems Analysis &




Potential information network for a multinational civil project

NGO framework

framework of cooperative societies

fram

ewo

rk

assi

stan

ce

science industry politics

information and order

information and order

participation in procedures

financial participation

civi

ls

information and agreement

information and agreement

NGO: non-governmental organisation

Declaration of intent on state level

green: in favour red: refusal white: not yet decided

Systems Analysis &




Declaration of intent on regional level


Systems Analysis &



-> declaration for possible corridors


Declaration of intent on municipal level


Systems Analysis &





Declaration of intent on owner level


Systems Analysis &





On the interactive website can also appear:

• Image video about this potential project (animation of the

power plant function, need in the energy system of a Central

European control area, data and interviews with affected

people of the power station, the transmission line and

electricity customers)

• All current activities with citizens, in politics, science and

economy

• Schedule of citizen participation and overall schedule

• All data in the field of economy, ecology, technology, social

and institutional

• Already achieved progress and critique

Systems Analysis &




Further steps

• preparation of a handbook for public participation

• publication of further scientific studies on the necessity of

dispatchable solar electricity imports to Baden-Wuerttemberg on a

multilingual website

• questioning of citizens in case studies in exemplary communities

• detailed cost-benefit analysis with risk assessment

• cooperation with ENTSO, TransnetBW, RTE, REE, ONEE in

preparation for the inclusion in the "Union List" of a project with

common interests (EU Regulation 347/2013)

• support of the necessary application documents and the required

measures

• search for suitable project responsible

Systems Analysis &




„Ways connect people“

Source: http://www.ribapylondesign.com/

Thank you for your attention!

Systems Analysis &




Former projects related to the topics

• MENA Regional Water Outlook – CSP for Seawater Desalination in the

Middle East and North Africa, World Bank (2012), www.dlr.de/tt/menawater

• REACCESS - Risk of Energy Availability: Common Corridors for European

Supply Security, European Commission (2011), http://reaccess.epu.ntua.gr/

• AQUA-CSP - Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination,

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear

Safety (2007), www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

• TRANS-CSP - Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar

Power, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and

Nuclear Safety (2006), www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp

• MED-CSP - Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region,

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear

Safety (2005), www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp

Systems Analysis &



http://www.dlr.de/tt/menawater

http://reaccess.epu.ntua.gr/

http://www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp



http://www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp



http://www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp




Selected publications

• MED-CSP www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp

• TRANS-CSP www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp and http://elib.dlr.de/83385/

• AQUA-CSP www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

• MED-CSD www.med-csd-ec.eu/eng/

• MENA Regional Water Outlook www.dlr.de/tt/menawater

• Financing concentrating solar power in the Middle East and North

Africa – Subsidy or investments? Energy Policy 39 (2011) 307-317

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.045

• Solar electricity imports from Middle East and North Africa to Europe

Energy Policy 42 (2012) 341-353


Systems Analysis &









http://elib.dlr.de/83385/

http://elib.dlr.de/83385/




http://www.med-csd-ec.eu/eng/





http://www.dlr.de/tt/menawater






Contact

Dr. Franz Trieb [email protected] +49 711 6862 - 423

Jürgen Kern [email protected] +49 711 6862 - 8119

Tobias Fichter [email protected] +49 711 6862 - 334

Massimo Moser [email protected] +49 711 6862 - 779

Denis Hess [email protected] +49 711 6862 - 370

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)

Institut für Technische Thermodynamik

System Analysis und Technology Assessment

Wankelstr. 5 | 70563 Stuttgart | Germany

www.DLR.de/tt/

Systems Analysis &



mailto:[email protected]





http://www.dlr.de/tt/stb


Transmission of dispatchable solar energy from North Africa to Central Europe · 2013. 12. 12. ·...

Documents

Transcript of Transmission of dispatchable solar energy from North Africa to Central Europe · 2013. 12. 12. ·...